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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35407; hybrids: 684
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.8932 Genus Ayapana Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 10: 290 (1841)
Distribution: Tropical America, West Indies
Species listed in database: 18
species :
Ayapana amygdalina (Lam.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 211 (1970)
Distribution: Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Magdalena, Meta, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil; NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil; Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu)
80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Bulbostylis elegans Gardner; London J. Bot. 5: 467 (1846)
= Bulbostylis glandulosa Gardner; London J. Bot. 5: 469 (1846)
= Bulbostylis micrantha Gardner; London J. Bot. 6: 449 (1847), nomen
= Bulbostylis microcephala Gardner; London J. Bot. 5: 468 (1846)
= Bulbostylis tomentosa Gardner; London J. Bot. 5: 468 (1846)
= Chrysocoma oppositifolia Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 307 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Chrysocoma purpurascens Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 310 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Conyza venosa Mart. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 3: 369 (1834)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. elegans Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. heterophyllum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. latifolium Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 175 (1912)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. loniceroides Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. serratum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. subobtusum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 408 (1788)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. dissitiflorum Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. elegans (Gardner) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 313 (1876)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. glandulosum (Gardner) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. heterophyllum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. oxychlaenum (DC.) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. serratum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum var. subglabrum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 337 (1891)
= Eupatorium barclayanum Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 112 (1845)
= Eupatorium cujabense S.Moore; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2. 4: 395 (1895)
= Eupatorium dodonaeifolium DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 161 (1836)
= Eupatorium fraternum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 163 (1836)
= Eupatorium glandulosissimum Malme; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., n. s. 32(5): 40 (1899)
= Eupatorium glandulosum (Gardner) Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876), nomen
= Eupatorium goyazense Glaz.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56, Mém. 3: 386 (1909), nomen
= Eupatorium hasslerianum Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 711 (1903)
= Eupatorium ixodes Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 2: 41 (1840)
= Eupatorium loniceroides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 91 (1818)
= Eupatorium oxychlaenum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 162 (1836)
= Eupatorium oxychlaenum f. hasslerianum (Chodat) Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 175 (1912)
= Eupatorium oxychlaenum var. glandulosissimum Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 175 (1912)
= Eupatorium rhodanthum Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876), nomen
= Eupatorium salzmannianum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 159 (1836)
= Eupatorium subobtusum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 161 (1836)
= Eupatorium surinamense Sch.Bip. ex Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 185 (1851)
species :
Ayapana ecuadorensis R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 34: 57(-58) (1976)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño, Putumayo); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Ayapana elata (Steetz) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 27: 235 (1973)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Casanare, Chocó, Meta); Peru
80 COS PAN 82 CLM 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium elatum Steetz; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 148 (1854)
species :
Ayapana haughtii R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 34: 58(59) (1976)
Distribution: Colombia (Santander)
82 CLM
species :
Ayapana herrerae R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 76(1): 16 (1994)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
species :
Ayapana hylophila (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 211 (1970)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Córdoba, Santander, Tolima)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium hylophilum B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 55: 18 (1919)
species :
Ayapana jaramillii R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 211 (1970)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Guaviare, Meta)
82 CLM
species :
Ayapana lanceolata R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 34: 59(60) (1976)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); N-Brazil (Pará)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA
species :
Ayapana lopez-palaciosii V.M.Badillo; Ernstia, n. s. 5(2): 81 (1995)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Ayapana ornithophora (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 333 (1970)
Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, Tolima)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium ornithophorum B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 254 (1918)
species :
Ayapana pilluanensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 34: 60 (1976)
Distribution: Venezuela (Apure); Peru
82 VEN 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium pilluanense Hieron.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 48: 201 (1907)
species :
Ayapana robinsonii S.Díaz; Trianea 4: 275 (1991)
Distribution: Colombia (Norte de Santander)
82 CLM
species :
Ayapana sprucei (B.L.Rob.) X.M.Wei; Phytotaxa 722(3): 299 (2025)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium sprucei B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 55: 33 (1919)
species :
Ayapana stenolepis (Steetz) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 32: 284 (1975)
Distribution: Panama; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
80 PAN 83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ayapana pyramidalis (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 212 (1970)
= Eupatorium amygdalinum f. angustifolium Hieron. ex Kuntze
= Eupatorium pyramidale f. angustifolium (Hieron.) B.L.Rob.; Contr. Gray Herb. 61: 56 (1920)
= Eupatorium pyramidale Klatt; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 323 (1882)
= Eupatorium revolutum Pohl ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 314 (1876), nomen
= Eupatorium stenolepis Steetz; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 148 (1854)
species :
Ayapana tovarensis (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 212 (1970)
Distribution: Colombia (Chocó); Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Yaracuy)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium cuadrasense V.M.Badillo; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10: 288 (1946)
= Eupatorium tovarense B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 259 (1918)
species :
Ayapana trinitensis (Kuntze) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 212 (1970)
Distribution: Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó); Venezuela (Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia)
81 TRT 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Baccharis trinitensis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 319 (1891)
= Eupatorium squiresii Rusby; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54: 258 (1918)
= Eupatorium trinitense (Kuntze) Rusby & B.L.Rob.; Contr. Gray Herb. 61: 11 (1920)
species :
Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 212 (1970)
Name: Curia, Yapaná (ES)
Distribution: Benin [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Seychelles [I]; India [I] (West Bengal [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Trinidad [I]; French Guiana; Ecuador; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas)
22 ben 29 mau reu rod sey 40 ban ind 41 cbd vie 42 jaw phi 60 van 81 his pue trt 82 FRG 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ayapana officinalis Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 10: 290 (1841)
= Eupatorium ayapana Vent.; Jard. Malmaison 3. T. 3 (1803)
= Eupatorium luzoniense Llanos; Fragm. Pl. Filip. 88 (1851)
= Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 3: 97 (1794)
= Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl ex Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 903 (1826)
species :
Ayapana turbacensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob.; Phytologia 20: 212 (1970)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, Quindío, Tolima, Valle)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Eupatorium turbacense Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 332 (1895)
= Eupatorium turbacense var. ovatifolia Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 573 (1901)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.02 (Feb. 1st, 2026)

Covering 358,774 accepted species,
8,847 hybrids, 48,003 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,006,442 synonyms,
in total 1,422,066* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life