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342.0000 Family Euphorbiaceae A.Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 384 (1789), nom. cons. (s. str.)
210 genera, ca. 6700 spp.
Species listed in database: 6532; hybrids: 56
= Acalyphaceae A.Juss. ex Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 172 (1839)
= Bertyaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 190 (1858)
= Cheilosaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxi (2001)
= Crotonaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 258 (1858)
= Hippomanaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 244 (1858)
= Mercurialaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 237 (1820)
= Ricinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 547 (1820)
= Ricinocarpaceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Tithymalaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 3: 483 (1799)
= Tragiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 111 (1838)
= Trewiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 174 (1836)
342.5304 Genus Bonania A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 201, t. 68 (1850)
Distribution: Cuba, Hispaniola
Species listed in database: 7
= Hypocoton Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 263 (1912)
species :
Bonania cubana A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 201 (1850)
subspecies :
subsp. cubana
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba
81 BAH CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania cubensis A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 201 (1850)
= Excoecaria cubana (A.Rich.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 122 (1863)
= Stillingia cubana (A.Rich.) Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 515 (1858)
= Stillingia cubana (A.Rich.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1161, 1212 (1866), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. acunae (Borhidi) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29(1-4): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania acunae Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22(3-4): 306 (1976 publ. 1977)
subspecies :
subsp. microphylla (Urb.) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29(1-4): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania microphylla Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 3: 311 (1902)
species :
Bonania domingensis (Urb.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 215 (1924)
Name: Cinazo (Dominican Republic)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hypocoton domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 264 (1912)
species :
Bonania elliptica Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 214 (1924)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
variant :
var. spinosa (Urb.) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29(1-4): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania spinosa Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 215 (1924)
species :
Bonania emarginata C.Wright ex Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 78 (1865)
subspecies :
subsp. emarginata
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Excoecaria emarginata (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1212 (1866)
subspecies :
subsp. nipensis (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29(1-4): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania nipensis Urb. & Ekman; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 231 (1930)
subspecies :
subsp. suborbiculata (Borhidi & Urbino) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29(1-4): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonania suborbiculata Borhidi & Urbino; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22(3-4): 305 (1976 publ. 1977)
species :
Bonania erythrosperma (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3(1): 335 (1880)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Excoecaria erythrosperma Griseb.; Pl. Wright. [Grisebach] 1: 161 (1860)
= Sapium erythrospermum (Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 119 (1863)
species :
Bonania linearifolia Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 63 (1929)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
species :
Bonania myricifolia (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 335 (1880)
Distribution: +Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: extinct (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
Synonyms: hidden
= Excoecaria myricifolia Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 178 (1865)
= Sapium myricifolium C.Wright ex Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 178 (1865)
= Sebastiania myricifolia (Griseb.) C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 7: 156 (1870)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life