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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.5407 Genus Breonia A.Rich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 620 (1830)
Distribution: Madagascar
Species listed in database: 20
= Anthocephalus A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 158 (1830)
= Cephalidium A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 210 (1830)
= Elattospermum Soler.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 277 (1893)
= Franchetia Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 477 (1885)
= Neobreonia Ridsdale; Blumea 22: 546 (1975)
= Samama Rumph. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 296 (1891), nom. illeg.
species :
Breonia boivinii Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 35 (1897)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia capuronii Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 15 (2002)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia chinensis (Lam.) Capuron; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 13(4): 472 (1973 publ. 1974)
Distribution: E-Madagascar; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I])
29 MDG 42 lsi
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Hassk.; Flora 28: 231 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Anthocephalus indicus A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 158 (1830)
= Breonia citrifolia (Poir.) Ridsdale; Blumea 22(3): 545 (1975)
= Breonia coriacea Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 36 (1897)
= Breonia mauritiana Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 35 (1898)
= Breonia richardiana (Baill.) Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 36 (1897)
= Cephalanthus chinensis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 678 (1785)
= Cephalidium citrifolium (Poir.) A.Rich.; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 290 (1834)
= Nauclea citrifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 435 (1789)
= Sarcocephalus richardianus Baill.; Adansonia 12: 312 (1879)
= Sarcocephalus richardii Drake; Hist. Phys. Madagascar [Grandidier] 36, Hist. Nat. Pl. 6, Atlas 4: t. 457 (1897)
species :
Breonia cuspidata (Baker) Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 37 (1897)
Distribution: NW-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Bancalus cuspidatus (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 276 (1891)
= Nauclea cuspidata Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 319 (1890)
species :
Breonia decaryana Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 460 (1937 publ. 1938)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breonia keliravina Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 460 (1937 publ. 1938)
= Neobreonia decaryana (Homolle) Ridsdale; Blumea 22(3): 546 (1975)
species :
Breonia fragifera Capuron ex Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 19 (2002)
Distribution: N- & E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia havilandiana Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 460 (1937 publ. 1938)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia louvelii Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 461 (1937 publ. 1938)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia lowryi Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 23 (2002)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia macrocarpa Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 461 (1937 publ. 1938)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia madagascariensis A.Rich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 620 (1830)
Distribution: +Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Sarcocephalus madagascariensis (A.Rich.) Baill.; (1879)
species :
Breonia membranacea Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 35 (1897)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toamasina)
29 MDG
species :
Breonia perrieri Homolle; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 461 (1937 publ. 1938)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia richardsonii Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 28 (2002)
Distribution: NE-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia sambiranensis Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 28 (2002)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia sphaerantha (Baill.) Homolle ex Ridsdale; Blumea 22: 546 (1975)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breonia parviflora Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 37 (1898)
= Elattospermum longipetiolatum Soler.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 278 (1893)
= Franchetia sphaerantha Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 477 (1885)
species :
Breonia stipulata Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 35 (1897)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia taolagnaroensis Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 31 (2002)
Distribution: SE-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia tayloriana Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 33 (2002)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Breonia tsaratananensis Razafim.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89(1): 33 (2002)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life