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338.0000 Family Phyllanthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 369 (1820), nom. cons.
58 genera, ca. 2200 spp.
Species listed in database: 2113; hybrids: 5
= Antidesmataceae Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 534 (1830)
= Aporosaceae Lindl. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 2: 265 (1854)
= Bischofiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 252 (1965)
= Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 261 (1965)
= Porantheraceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Scepaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 171 (1836)
= Stilaginaceae C.Agardh; Aphor. Bot. 199 (1824)
= Uapacaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 270 (1965)
338.2418 Genus Breynia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl. 145 (1776), nom. cons.
Distribution: S-China, Indochina, tropical Asia, Australia, W-Pacific. Inclusion of Sauropus fide van Welzen (2014). Combined by Govaerts & Christenhusz (2026) into in a single monster-genus Phyllanthus (s. l.) and treated as subgenus, which is no improvement for users, as claimed.
Species listed in database: 99
= Aalius Rumph. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 590 (1891), nom. superfl.
= Breyniopsis Beille; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 157 (1925)
= Ceratogynum Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5(2): 26 (1852)
= Diplomorpha Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 479 (1854)
= Foersteria Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat. 98 (1777)
= Forsteria Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 344 (1821)
= Heterocalymnantha Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 313 (1927)
= Melanthesa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 590 (1826)
= Melanthesopsis Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Sauropus Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 595 (1826)
species :
Breynia amabilis (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus amabilis (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026)
= Sauropus amabilis Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 49 (1969)
species :
Breynia amoebiflora (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 89 (2014)
Distribution: N-Thailand; SW-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus amoebiflorus (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026)
= Sauropus amoebiflorus Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 45 (1969)
species :
Breynia androgyna (L.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: China [I] (Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Hainan [I], Hongkong [I], Yunnan [I]); Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Samar); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I])
36 chi 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN CKI LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL XMS 62 mic
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius androgyna (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius oblongifolia (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius sumatrana (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Agyneia ovata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 1: 243 (1810), Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 367
= Andrachne ovata Lam. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 1: 243 (1810)
= Clutia androgyna L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 128 (1767)
= Phyllanthus acidissimus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 22 (1790), nomen
= Phyllanthus androgynus (L.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 714 (2009)
= Phyllanthus androgynus (L.) J.A.González; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 376 (2010), isonym
= Phyllanthus speciosus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 22 (1790), nomen
= Phyllanthus strictus Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 69 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 670 (1832)
= Sauropus albicans Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 596 (1825)
= Sauropus albicans var. gardnerianus (Wight) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 72 (1863)
= Sauropus albicans var. intermedius Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 72 (1863)
= Sauropus albicans var. zeylanicus (Wight) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 241 (1866)
= Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.; Bull. Bur. Forest. Philipp. Islands 1: 30 (1903)
= Sauropus convexus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 6: 82 (1924)
= Sauropus gardnerianus Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 6: 6, t. 1951 (1853)
= Sauropus indicus Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 6: 6, t. 1952 (1853)
= Sauropus macranthus Fern.-Vill.; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 3, Nov. App. 4(13A): 187 (1880), nom. illeg.
= Sauropus oblongifolius Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 333 (1887)
= Sauropus parviflorus Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 218 (1921)
= Sauropus scandens C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 72 (1909)
= Sauropus sumatranus Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 446 (1861)
= Sauropus zeylanicus Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 6: 6, t. 1952 (1853)
species :
Breynia assimilis (Thwaites) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19(2): 120 (2012)
Distribution: Sri Lanka; Vietnam
40 SRL 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius assimilis (Thwaites) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Phyllanthus assimilis (Thwaites) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus assimilis Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 284 (1859)
species :
Breynia asteranthos (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 89 (2014)
Distribution: Thailand (N-, NE- & SW-Thailand)
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus stellanthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus asteranthos Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 47 (1969)
species :
Breynia asymmetrica (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014)
Distribution: Sumatra
Error
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus asymmetricus (Welzen) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026)
= Sauropus asymmetricus Welzen; Blumea 48(2): 344 (2003)
species :
Breynia baudouinii Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 638 (1927)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus baudouinii (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026)
species :
Breynia beillei Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus pruesapanae Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus racemosus Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 648 (1927)
species :
Breynia bicolor (Craib) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Thailand (N-, NE-, E- & SW-Thailand); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
40 SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus thailandicus Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. nov.
= Sauropus bicolor Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 11 (1914)
= Sauropus bicolor var. microphyllus (Craib) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 26(2): 333 (1972)
= Sauropus rigidus Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 457 (1911), nom. illeg., non Thwaites
= Sauropus similis var. microphylla Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 184 (1912)
species :
Breynia bishnupadae (M.Gangop. & Chakr.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: India (West Bengal, Sikkim); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus bishnupadae (M.Gangop. & Chakr.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus bishnupadae M.Gangop. & Chakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 20: 524 (1996)
species :
Breynia bonii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014)
Distribution: China (Guangxi); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus bonii (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026)
= Sauropus bonii Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 651 (1927)
species :
Breynia brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand (NE-, E-, SW-, C- & peninsular Thailand); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, P. Langkawi, Kedah, Pahang)
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Phyllanthus myanmarensis Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. nov., non P. brevipes Hook.f.
= Sauropus brevipes Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 73 (1863)
= Sauropus parvifolius Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 175 (1911)
species :
Breynia calcarea (M.R.Hend.) Welzen & Pruesapan; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 113 (2010)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Pahang)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus calcareus (M.R.Hend.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 137 (2026)
= Sauropus calcareus M.R.Hend.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 121 (1933)
species :
Breynia carnosa Welzen & Pruesapan; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 113 (-115, fig. 2) (2010)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus carnosus (Welzen & Pruesapan) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 137 (2026)
species :
Breynia cernua (Poir.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 439 (1866)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Batan and Luzon, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor); East Timor; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 BOR LSI NWG PHI PLW SUL 43 SOL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia cernua var. acutifolia (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 439 (1866)
= Breynia rubra (Blume) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 438 (1866)
= Breynia rumpens J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 8: 227 (1910)
= Melanthesa cernua (Poir.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 483 (1834)
= Melanthesa cernua var. acutifolia Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Melanthesa rubra Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 591 (1826)
= Phyllanthus blumei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 326 (1841)
= Phyllanthus cernuus Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 298 (1804)
= Phyllanthus ruber Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 22 (1790), nomen
species :
Breynia collaris Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 25(3): 488 (1971)
Distribution: Borneo; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 BOR NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus collaris (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 138 (2026)
species :
Breynia coriacea Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 638 (1927)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus corianthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 138 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia coronata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 330 (1887)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Java
41 THA 42 BOR BRN MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus agynus Hunter ex Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 53: 116 (1909)
= Phyllanthus coronatus (Hook.f.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 138 (2026)
species :
Breynia delavayi (Croizat) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 89 (2014)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus delavayi (Croizat) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 139 (2026)
= Sauropus delavayi Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(4): 496 (1940)
species :
Breynia discigera Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 440 (1866)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra
41 THA 42 MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia rhamnoides var. pubescens (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 441 (1866)
= Melanthesa racemosa var. pubescens Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 73 (1863)
= Melanthesa rhamnoides var. pubescens Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Phyllanthus discigerus (Müll.Arg.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 139 (2026)
species :
Breynia discocalyx (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus discocalyx (Welzen) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 139 (2026)
= Sauropus discocalyx Welzen; Blumea 46(3): 501 (2001)
species :
Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 1: 73 (1775)
Name: Ice plant, Snow bush
Distribution: Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; São Tomé [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Vanuatu; N-Line Isl. [I] (Tabueran [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Maupiti [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Saba [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]
22 gam gui 23 sao 29 cgs mau reu rod 60 VAN 61 lin sci tua 62 gum mic mrs plu 63 haw 78 usa 80 blz hon 81 bbd dom gdl HIS jam mar pue sab stk stl trt vir 82 clm 83 bol ecu 84 bra 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia axillaris Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 92 (1815)
= Melanthesa neocaledonica var. forsteri Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Phyllanthus atropurpureus Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 76: 23 (1878)
form :
f. nivosa (Bull) Croizat ex Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 35: 4985 (1980)
Distribution: Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; D. R. Congo [Zaire] [I]; Mozambique [I]; Ogasawara Isl. (Hahajima); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl.); Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Mexico [I]
22 ben 23 cmn zai 26 moz 38 OGA 60 asa fij nue NWC rot ton VAN 61 aui coo tua 79 mex
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia disticha var. neocaledonica (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 439 (1866)
= Breynia nivosa (W.Bull) Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 516 (1910)
= Breynia nivosa var. roseopicta (Burb.) F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 137 (1935)
= Melanthesa neocaledonica Baill.; Adansonia 2: 240 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Phyllanthus nivosus W.Bull; Cat. New Beautiful Rare Pl. [W.Bull] 68: 606 (1873)
= Phyllanthus nivosus var. roseopictus (Burb.) Regel; Gartenflora 28: 21 (1879)
= Phyllanthus roseopictus Burb.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 10: 261 (1876)
= Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. hypoglaucus H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 124 (1911)
species :
Breynia diversifolia Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 640 (1927)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus citrinus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 138 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia enchengensis Y.S.Huang & Shi L.Chang; Nordic J. Bot. 2025(6)-e04635: 2 (2025)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus enchengensis (Y.S.Huang & Shi L.Chang) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 139 (2026)
species :
Breynia fleuryi Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 634 (1927)
Distribution: N-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus fleuryi (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
species :
Breynia fruticosa (L.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5(14): 331 (1887)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Thailand (NE-, C- & SE-Thailand); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Andrachne fruticosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1014 (1753)
= Melanthesa chinensis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 592 (1825)
= Melanthesa glaucescens Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 97 (1861)
= Phyllanthus introductus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 327 (1841)
= Phyllanthus lucens Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 296 (1804)
= Phyllanthus simsianus Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7920 (1847), nomen
= Phyllanthus turbinatus Sims; Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1862 (1816)
species :
Breynia garrettii (Craib) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Myanmar; N-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (once from ?Gopeng, Perak)
36 CHI 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus garrettii (Craib) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus chorisepalus Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(1): 10-11, t. 5 (1934)
= Sauropus garrettii Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 284 (1914)
= Sauropus yunnanensis Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 220 (1921)
species :
Breynia glauca Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 460 (1911)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand (N-, NE-, E-, SW-, E- & peninsular Thailand); Laos; Vietnam; Borneo (Sabah, Anambas Isl.)
41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus canutus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 137 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia gour-maitii (M.Gangop. & Chakr.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus gour-maitii (M.Gangop. & Chakr.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus gour-maitii M.Gangop. & Chakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 20: 529 (1996)
species :
Breynia grandiflora Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 635 (1927)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus saxeus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia granulosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Thailand (E-, NE- & SE-Thailand)
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus granulosus (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
= Sauropus granulosus Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 53 (1969)
species :
Breynia gynophora Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Mizoram, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,Tripura,West Bengal); Vietnam
40 IND 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius stipitata (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Breynia stipitata (Hook.f.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012), nom. illeg.
= Phyllanthus gynophorus (Welzen & Pruesapan) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
= Phyllanthus stipitatus (Hook.f.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. illeg., homonym
= Sauropus stipitatus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 333 (1887)
species :
Breynia harmandii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus cambodianthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 137 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus harmandii Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 657 (1927)
species :
Breynia heteroblasta (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: E-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; S-Vietnam
41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus heteroblastus (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
= Sauropus heteroblastus Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 48 (1969)
species :
Breynia heyneana J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 4: 236 (1922)
Distribution: Sumatra (Simeulue Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus sundanesianthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia hiemalis Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang; PhytoKeys 206: 77, figs. 1-3 (2022)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus hiemalis (Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
species :
Breynia hirsuta (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Thailand (N-, NE-, E-, SW-, C- & SE-Thailand); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus hirtus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus hirsutus Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 657 (1927)
species :
Breynia indosinensis Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 634 (1927)
Distribution: Laos; N-Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus indosinensis (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 141 (2026)
species :
Breynia kerrii (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Thailand (N- & E-Thailand)
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus banchiet Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus kerrii Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 52 (1969)
species :
Breynia kitanovii (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 91 (2014)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus kitanovii (Thin) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 141 (2026)
= Sauropus kitanovii Thin; Euphorb. Vietnam 49 (1995 publ. 1996)
species :
Breynia lanceolata (Hook.f.) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59: 92 (2014)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; SE- & peninsular Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumbawa, Flores)
40 IND 41 CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius lanceolata (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius rhamnodes (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Breynia macrocalyx Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 122 (2012), nom. superfl.
= Phyllanthus hayatae (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026)
= Phyllanthus placentatus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 22 (1790), nomen
= Phyllanthus rhamnifolius Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. nov.
= Sauropus hayatae Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 650 (1927)
= Sauropus lanceolatus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 333 (1887)
= Sauropus rhamnoides Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 596 (1826)
species :
Breynia lithophila Welzen & Pruesapan; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 115 (fig. 3) (2010)
Distribution: SE-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus lithophilus (Welzen & Pruesapan) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 141 (2026)
species :
Breynia longistyla Welzen & Esser; Blumea 67(2): 132 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus auyantepuianthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia macrantha (Hassk.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, Yangon); Thailand (N-, SW- & peninsular Thailand); Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Calamianes); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor, etc.); East Timor; Moluccas; Australia (Queensland)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY MOL PHI PLW SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius forcipata (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius macrantha (Hassk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius macrophylla (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius spectabilis (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Breynia forcipata (Hook.f.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
= Glochidion umbratile Maiden & Betche; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 370 (1905)
= Phyllanthus forcipatus (Hook.f.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Phyllanthus spectabilis (Miq.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026)
= Sauropus forcipatus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 334 (1887)
= Sauropus grandifolius Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 220 (1921)
= Sauropus grandifolius var. tonkinensis Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 648 (1927)
= Sauropus longipedicellatus Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(1): 34-35 (1934)
= Sauropus macranthus Hassk.; Retzia 1: 166 (1855)
= Sauropus macrophyllus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 333 (1887)
= Sauropus robinsonii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 407 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Sauropus ruber Teijsm. & Binn. ex Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 219 (1922)
= Sauropus spectabilis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 446 (1861)
= Sauropus wichurae Müll.Arg. ex Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 220 (1922)
species :
Breynia maichauensis (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus maichauensis (Thin) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 142 (2026)
= Sauropus maichauensis Thin; J. Biol. (Vietnam) 14(2): 24 (1992)
species :
Breynia massiei Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 640 (1927)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus massiei (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 142 (2026)
species :
Breynia micrasterias (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus micrasterias (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 142 (2026)
= Sauropus micrasterias Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 14: 354 (1960)
species :
Breynia microphylla (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 442 (1866)
Distribution: Sumatra; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
42 LSI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Melanthesa microphylla Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.; Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 49 (1864)
= Phyllanthus melanthesa Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 142 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia mirabilis Y.H.Tan, Y.E.Wang & Z.X.Ma; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 62: 229-235 (2025)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus hekou Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia mollis J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 8: 784 (1912)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus succulanthus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia oblongifolia (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 440 (1866)
Distribution: East Timor; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
42 LSI NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia cinerascens Baill.; Adansonia 6: 344 (1866)
= Melanthesa rhamnoides Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 483 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Phyllanthus suborbicularis (Airy Shaw) Govaerts & Christenh., comb. & stat.nov.
variant :
var. suborbicularis Airy Shaw; Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 8: 40 (1980)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland)
42 NWG 50 AUS
species :
Breynia obscura Welzen & Pruesapan; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 115 (117, fig. 4) (2010)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus helen-hartleyae Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 140 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia orbicularis (Craib) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand (N- & SW-Thailand); Laos
41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus siamensis (Chakrab. & M.Gangop.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026)
= Sauropus orbicularis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 284 (1914)
= Sauropus orbicularis var. minor Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 45 (1969)
= Sauropus siamensis Chakr. & M.Gangop.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 19: 452 (1995)
species :
Breynia papillosa Esser & Stuppy; Blumea 67(2): 135 (2022)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus papillosus (Esser & Stuppy) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026)
species :
Breynia phongquangensis T.H.Bui & N.H.Le; PhytoKeys 275: 134 (2026)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Breynia phuongiana N.K.T.Tram, Vuong, Aver. & V.C.Nguyen; Nordic J. Bot. [early view]: e05025 [3 of 7] (2026)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Breynia pierrei (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Borneo
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO VIE 42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Breyniopsis pierrei Beille; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 158 (1925), et Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 630, f. 75: 1-9 (1927)
= Phyllanthus pierrei (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026)
= Sauropus pierrei (Beille) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(4): 494-496 (1940)
species :
Breynia platycalyx Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. [2(1)]: 74 (1972)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus vogelkopensis Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 148 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia podocarpa Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 32(2): 365 (1978)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory)
42 NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus pono Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia poilanei (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus ninhthuan Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 143 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus poilanei Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 653 (1927)
species :
Breynia po-khantii (Chakr. & M.Gangop.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Sauropus po-khantii Chakr. & M.Gangop.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30: 531 (1996)
= Phyllanthus po-khantii (Chakr. & M.Gangop.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; (2009)
species :
Breynia poomae (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus poomae (Welzen & Chayam.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026)
= Sauropus poomae Welzen & Chayam.; Kew Bull. 56(3): 652 (2001)
species :
Breynia pseudorostrata Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang; Phytotaxa 539(2): 211 (2022)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus pseudorostratus (Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 144 (2026)
species :
Breynia pubescens Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 282 (1916)
Distribution: Moluccas (Ambon, Seram)
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus amboinensis Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 136 (2026), nom. nov.
species :
Breynia pulchella (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: E-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus sanohin Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus pulchellus Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 54 (1969)
species :
Breynia quadrangularis (Willd.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); ?etc.
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius ceratogynum (Baill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius quadrangularis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Ceratogynum rhamnoides (Roxb.) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5(2): 26, t. 1900 (1852)
= Phyllanthus quadrangularis J.G.Klein ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 585 (1805)
= Phyllanthus rhamnoides Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 663 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Sauropus ceratogynum Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 635 (1858)
= Sauropus quadrangularis (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Müll.Arg..; Linnaea 32: 73 (1863)
species :
Breynia racemosa (Blume) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 441 (1866)
Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Thailand (widespread); peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, Leyte, Samar); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.
41 NCB THA 42 LSI MLY NWG PHI SNG SUL 43 BIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia acuminata (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 442 (1866)
= Breynia racemosa var. concolor Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 441 (1866)
= Breynia reclinata (Roxb.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 331 (1887)
= Breynia rhamnoides var. hypoglauca (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 440 (1866)
= Melanthesa acuminata Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Melanthesa racemosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 592 (1826)
= Melanthesa reclinata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 74 (1863)
= Melanthesa rhamnoides var. hypoglauca Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 73 (1863)
= Melanthesopsis fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 437 (1866)
= Melanthesopsis lucens (Poir.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863)
= Phyllanthus racemifer Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 327 (1841)
= Phyllanthus racemosus (Blume) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 712 (2009), nom. illeg. later homonym
= Phyllanthus reclinatus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 669 (1832)
= Phyllanthus rhamnoides Bojer ex Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 435 (1866), pro syn.
variant :
var. aromatica Airy Shaw; Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 8: 41 (1980)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain)
42 NWG 43 BIS
species :
Breynia repanda (Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus repandus (Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus repandus Müll.Arg.; Flora 65: 2 (1872)
species :
Breynia repens Welzen & Pruesapan; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 117 (-119, fig. 5) (2010)
Distribution: SW-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus repens (Welzen & Pruesapan) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026)
species :
Breynia reticulata (S.L.Mo ex P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus mandarinus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 142 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus reticulatus S.L.Mo & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(2): 133 (1987)
species :
Breynia retroversa (Wight) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19(2): 121 (2012)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius retroversa (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Phyllanthus retroversus (Wight) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus retroversus Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 6: 6, t. 1951 (1853)
species :
Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 261 (1931)
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; India (Assam, Sikkim, Bihar, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
29 mau reu 36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia angustifolia Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 330 (1887)
= Breynia hyposauropus Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(4): 493-494 (1940)
= Breynia microphylla var. angustifolia (Hook.f.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 36: 272 (1981)
= Breynia patens (Roxb.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 67, 277 (1880)
= Breynia turbinata (Oken) Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 348 (1895)
= Melanthesa obliqua Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1898 (1852)
= Melanthesa retusa (Dennst.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: (1836)
= Melanthesa turbinata (J.Koenig ex Roxb.) Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(3): 1603 (1841)
= Melanthesopsis patens (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 437 (1866)
= Melanthesopsis patens var. oblongifolia Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 437 (1866)
= Melanthesopsis patens var. turbinata (Koenig, Roxb. & Oken) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 437 (1866)
= Melanthesopsis variabilis Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863), nom. superfl.
= Melanthesopsis variabilis var. arborea Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863)
= Melanthesopsis variabilis var. oblongifolius Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863)
= Melanthesopsis variabilis var. patens (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863)
= Phyllanthus naviluri Miq. ex Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 75 (1863), pro syn.
= Phyllanthus patens Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 667 (1832)
= Phyllanthus pomaceus Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceylon. 65 (1824), nomen
= Phyllanthus retusus Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 31 (1818)
= Phyllanthus suborbicularis var. oblongifolius (Müll.Arg.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026)
= Phyllanthus suffultus Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7939 (1847), nomen
= Phyllanthus turbinatus J.Koenig ex Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 104 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 666 (1832)
= Sauropus elegantissimus Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 476 (1926)
species :
Breynia rhynchocarpa Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 114 (1873)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Breynia rigida (Thwaites) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19(2): 121 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala [I], Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius compressa (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius pubescens (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Aalius rigida (Thwaites) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Breynia compressa (Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19(2): 120 (2012)
= Breynia compressa var. puberula (Kurz) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 120 (2012)
= Breynia concinna (Collett & Hemsl.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 39: 417 (2015 publ. 2016)
= Breynia rigida var. puberula (Kurz) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Indo-Burmese Phyllanthaceae 183 (2018)
= Breynia varieri (Sivar. & Balach.) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 93 (2014)
= Phyllanthus indo-myanmarensis Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. nov.
= Phyllanthus indo-myanmarensis var. puberulus (Kurz) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Phyllanthus leschenaultii var. tenellus Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 38 (1863)
= Phyllanthus myrtillus Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7892A (1847), nomen
= Phyllanthus neorigidus Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009), nom. nov.
= Phyllanthus varieri (Sivar. & Balach.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 148 (2026)
= Sauropus compressus Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 243 (1866)
= Sauropus compressus var. puberulus (Kurz) Chakr. & M.Gangop.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 20: 528 (1996)
= Sauropus concinnus Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 123, t. 18 (1891)
= Sauropus pubescens Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 335 (1887)
= Sauropus quadrangularis var. compressus (Müll.Arg.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 26(2): 337 (1972)
= Sauropus quadrangularis var. puberulus Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 350 (1877)
= Sauropus rigidus Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 284 (1859)
= Sauropus varieri Sivar. & Balach.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(4): 918 (1984)
species :
Breynia rostrata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21(4): 346 (1922)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Vietnam; ?Sumatra
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus rostratus (Merr.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026)
species :
Breynia saksenana (Manilal, Prasann. & Sivar.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus saksenanus (Manilal, Prasann. & Sivar.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Sauropus saksenianus Manilal, Prasann. & Sivar.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 64(2-3): 294 (1985)
species :
Breynia septata Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 641 (1927)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus septatus (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026)
species :
Breynia shawii (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus shawii (Welzen) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026)
= Sauropus shawii Welzen; Blumea 48(2): 372 (2003)
species :
Breynia similis (Craib) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: ?China (Yunnan); Myanmar; Thailand (N-, E-, C- & SE-Thailand)
41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus adsimilis Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 135 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus similis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 457 (1911)
species :
Breynia spatulifolia (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Hongkong [I]); Thailand [c]; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I])
36 chi 41 tha VIE 42 mly 63 haw
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus changianus (S.Y.Hu) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 138 (2026)
= Sauropus changianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(4): 393-394, t. 1, f. 12-15 (1951)
= Sauropus spatulifolius Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 652 (1927)
species :
Breynia stipitata Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 442 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia muelleriana Baill.; Adansonia 6: 344 (1866)
species :
Breynia subangustifolia Thin; Euphorb. Vietnam 50 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus subangustifolius (Thin) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026)
species :
Breynia suberosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang)
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus sauropus Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 145 (2026), nom. nov.
= Sauropus suberosus Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 23: 42 (1969)
species :
Breynia subindochinensis Thin; Euphorb. Vietnam 50 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus subindochinensis (Thin) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026)
species :
Breynia suborbicularis Esser & Stuppy; Blumea 67(2): 135 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan); Sulawesi
42 BOR SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus suborbicularis (Esser & Stuppy) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 146 (2026)
species :
Breynia subterblanca (C.E.C.Fisch.) C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 98 (1939)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); peninsular Thailand
41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus subterblancus (C.E.C.Fisch.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715 (2009)
= Glochidion subterblancum C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 211 (1927)
= Sauropus subterblancus (C.E.C.Fisch.) Welzen; Blumea 46(3): 504 (2001)
species :
Breynia temii (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; Sumatra; Borneo
41 THA 42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius rostrata (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Phyllanthus temii (Welzen & Chayam.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus rostratus Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 179, 447 (1861)
= Sauropus temii Welzen & Chayam.; Kew Bull. 56(3): 654 (2001)
species :
Breynia thoii (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus thoii (Thin) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus thoii Thin; Euphorb. Vietnam 48 (1995 publ. 1996)
species :
Breynia thorelii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: N-Thailand [c]; Laos
41 LAO tha
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus thorelii (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus thorelii Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 649 (1927)
species :
Breynia thyrsiflora (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: Thailand (N- & SW-Thailand)
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus thyrsiflorus (Welzen) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus thyrsiflorus Welzen; Blumea 46(3): 503 (2001)
species :
Breynia tiepii (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 92 (2014)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus tiepii (Welzen & Pruesapan) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus tiepii Thin; Euphorb. Vietnam 49 (1995 publ. 1996), contrary to Art. 37.5 ICBN (1994)
species :
Breynia tonkinensis Beille; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 636 (1927)
Distribution: N-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus tonkinensis (Beille) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
species :
Breynia trinervia (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19: 121 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Taninthayi)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aalius trinervis (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
= Glochidion cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 183 (1913)
= Phyllanthus trinervis (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 716 (2009)
= Sauropus trinervius Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 72 (1863)
species :
Breynia tsiangii (P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 90 (2014)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus tsiangii (P.T.Li) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 147 (2026)
= Sauropus tsiangii P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(2): 135 (1987)
species :
Breynia vestita Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 354 (1891)
Distribution: Moluccas (Kei Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 MOL NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia ovalifolia J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 8: 226 (1910)
= Phyllanthus vestitus (Warb.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 148 (2026)
species :
Breynia villosa (Blanco) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 93 (2014)
Distribution: S- & peninsular Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang); Sumatra; Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Bohol, Samar, Mindanao)
41 CBD THA VIE 42 MLY PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Diasperus llanosii (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 599 (1891)
= Glochidion llanosii Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 68 (1863)
= Kirganelia villosa Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 712 (1837)
= Phyllanthus llanosii (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.; Flora 48: 387 (1865)
= Phyllanthus pubescens Klotzsch; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 420 (1843)
= Sauropus llanosii (Müll.Arg.) Goge; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 9: 223 (1922)
= Sauropus villosus (Blanco) Merr.; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 86 (1934)
species :
Breynia virgata (Blume) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 441 (1866)
Distribution: Sumatra; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Melanthesa virgata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 592 (1826)
= Phyllanthus sylvaticus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 327 (1841)
= Phyllanthus turbinatus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 22 (1790), nomen
species :
Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 65 (1932)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan); Ogasawara Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I]); Taiwan; Pakistan [I] (Sind [I], Lahore [I]); Nepal; India (throughout); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (north of Malaya); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Palawan; Philippines (Batan, Luzon, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
36 CHI 38 oga TAI 40 BAN IND NEP pak 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY PHI PLW SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breynia accrescens Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 20: 22 (1904)
= Breynia formosana (Hayata) Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6 (Suppl., Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos.) 65 (1916)
= Breynia keithii Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 174 (1911)
= Breynia microcalyx Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 114 (1920)
= Breynia officinalis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(177): 427-428 (1894)
= Breynia officinalis var. accrescens (Hayata) M.J.Deng & J.C.Wang; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 430 (1993)
= Breynia rhamnoides Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 440 (1866), nom. superfl.
= Breynia stipitata var. formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 20: 23, t. 2A, 2B (1904)
= Melanthesa ovalifolia Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5 (1772)
= Melanthesa rhamnoides (Retz.) Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 591 (1826)
= Phyllanthus calycinus Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7939B (1847), nomen
= Phyllanthus officinalis (Hemsl.) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 143 (2026)
= Phyllanthus rhamnoides Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 5: 30 (1788)
= Phyllanthus sepiarius Roxb. ex Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7914 (1847), nomen
= Phyllanthus tinctorius Vahl ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 633 (1858)
= Phyllanthus tristis A.Juss.; Euphorb. Gen. 108 (1824)
= Phyllanthus vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) Chakr. & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 712 (2009), isonym
= Phyllanthus vitis-idea (Burm.f.) J.Koenig ex Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 69 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 665 (1832)
= Rhamnus vitis-idaea Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 61 (1768)
species :
Breynia yanhuiana (P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan; Blumea 59(2): 93 (2014)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sauropus yanhuianus P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(2): 134 (1987)
= Phyllanthus yanhuianus (P.T.Li) Govaerts & Christenh.; Nelumbo 68(1): 148 (2026)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life