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479.0000 Family Convolvulaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 132 (1789), nom. cons.
58 genera, ca. 1900 spp. Latest phylogeny: Simões et al. (2022), which will not be the last word in a rapidly changing system.
Species listed in database: 1972; hybrids: 14
= Cressaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 8: 270 (1821)
= Cuscutaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 20, 25 (1829), nom. cons.
= Dichondraceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 20, 24 (1829), nom. cons.
= Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisner; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 272, Comm. 185 (1840)
= Evolvulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 130, 132 (1825)
= Humbertiaceae Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 23 (1947), nom. cons.
= Poranaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 364 (1858)
479.4306 Genus Calycobolus Willd. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 2 (1819)
Distribution: Tropical America (4-5) and tropical Africa (14), mostly tropical C-Africa. Placement in Dichondreae tentative. Revision for continental Africa: Breteler (2013)
Species listed in database: 18
= Baillaudea Roberty; Candollea 14: 25 (1952)
= Bonamia A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 337 (1862) non Thouars
= Codonanthus G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 166 (1836)
= Dethardingia Nees & Mart.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 80 (1823), nom. superfl.
= Dufourea Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 113 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Prevostea Choisy; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 497 (1825)
= Reinwardtia Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 527 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Trichantha H.Karst. & Triana; Linnaea 28: 437 (1856)
= Trivolvulus Moc. & Sessé ex Choisy; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 368 (1845), pro syn.
= Wilberforcia Hook.f.; Icon. Pl. 8: t. 796 (1848), pro syn.
species :
Calycobolus acuminatus (Pilg) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 388 (1963)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; W-Tanzania; Angola
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus acutus (Pilg.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 388 (1963)
= Calycobolus bampsianus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 35 (1985)
= Calycobolus claessensii (De Wild.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963)
= Calycobolus kasaiensis Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 45 (1985)
= Calycobolus klaineanus (Pierre ex Pellegr.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
= Calycobolus letouzeyanus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 48 (1985)
= Calycobolus longiracemosus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 49 (1985)
= Calycobolus mayombensis (Pellegr.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
= Calycobolus racemosus (Good) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
= Calycobolus thollonii Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 57 (1985)
= Calycobolus zairensis Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 59 (1985)
= Prevostea acuminata Pilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 218 (1910)
= Prevostea acuta Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 218 (1910)
= Prevostea claessensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 1: 544 (1922)
= Prevostea klaineana Pierre ex Pellegr.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, Bot., n. s. 1(2): 41 (1928)
= Prevostea mayombensis Pellegr.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 34: 466 (1928)
= Prevostea racemosa Good; J. Bot. 67(Suppl. 2): 112 (1929)
species :
Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 388 (1963)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; W-D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE 23 CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Breweria africana (G.Don) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 877 (1876)
= Breweria africana (G.Don) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 337 (1893)
= Breweria alternifolia (Planch.) Radlk.; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 7: 413 (1883)
= Breweria codonanthus Baker ex Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23: sub t. 2276 (1894) in obs.
= Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Myint; Phytologia 17: 234 (1968)
= Codonanthus africana G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 166 (1836)
= Codonanthus alternifolia Planch.; Icon. Pl. 8: t. 796 (1848)
= Prevostea africana (G.Don) Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 469 (1849)
= Prevostea alternifolia (Planch.) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 92 (1893)
= Prevostea nigerica Rendle; Cat. Pl. Oban [Rendle et al.] 72 (1913)
species :
Calycobolus cabrae (De Wild. & T.Durand) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CAF CON ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus breviflorus (De Wild.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963)
= Calycobolus heudelotii subsp. libristylis Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 43 (1985)
= Prevostea breviflora De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 70 (1903)
= Prevostea cabrae De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 39(Compt. Rend.): 70 (1900)
= Prevostea lucida Good; J. Bot. 67(Suppl. 2): 113 (1929)
species :
Calycobolus campanulatus (Baker) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG
Remarks: to be expected in Equatorial Guinea
Synonyms: hidden
= Breweria campanulata Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 68 (1894)
= Calycobolus campanulatus (Baker) Myint; Phytologia 17: 235 (1968)
= Calycobolus campanulatus subsp. oddonii (De Wild.) Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 36 (1985)
= Calycobolus oddonii (De Wild.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
= Prevostea campanulata K. Schum. ex Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 92 (1893)
= Prevostea oddonii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 306 (1906)
species :
Calycobolus gilgianus (Pilg) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963)
Distribution: SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; S-Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Conservation Status: IUCN CR (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus mortehanii (De Wild.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
= Prevostea gilgiana Pilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 294 (1908)
= Prevostea mortehanii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 389 (1914)
species :
Calycobolus glaber (Kunth) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 145 (1907)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guaviare, Tolima, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Yaracuy); Guyana; Bolivia (Beni, Pando); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus amazonicus (Choisy) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 145 (1907)
= Calycobolus pulchellus Willd. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 4 (1819)
= Dufourea amazonica Mart. ex Choisy; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 437 (1845), pro syn.
= Dufourea glabra Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 114 (1818)
= Prevostea amazonica Choisy; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 437 (1845)
= Prevostea glabra (Kunth) Choisy; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 498 (1825)
= Prevostea glabra var. amazonica (Choisy) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 324 (1869)
= Reinwardtia glabra (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 863 (1824)
species :
Calycobolus goodii Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 389 (1963), nom. nov.
Distribution: Gabon; Cabinda
23 CAB GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Prevostea mayumbensis Good; J. Bot. 67(Suppl. 2): 113 (1929) non Pellegr.
species :
Calycobolus hallianus Breteler; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 342 (2013)
Distribution: Ghana
22 GHA
species :
Calycobolus heineanus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 40 (1985)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
species :
Calycobolus heudelotii (Baker ex Oliv.) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; Angola
22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE 23 CON 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Baillaudea mirabilis (Baker ex Oliv.) Roberty; Candollea 14: 25 (1952)
= Breweria heudelotii Baker ex Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23: t. 2276 (1894), et Kew Bull. 68 (1894)
= Breweria mirabilis Baker ex Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23: sub t. 2276 (1894) in obs.
= Calycobolus heudelotii (Baker ex Oliv.) Myint; Phytologia 17: 235 (1968)
= Prevostea heudelotii (Baker ex Oliv.) Hallier f.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1009 (1897)
species :
Calycobolus insignis (Rendle) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast
22 IVO LBR
Synonyms: hidden
= Prevostea insignis Rendle; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 571 (1906)
species :
Calycobolus lanulosus D.F.Austin; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58(2): 243 (1971 publ. 1972)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Ceará, Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Calycobolus micranthus (Dammer) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN CR (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Prevostea micrantha Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23(Beibl. 57): 57 (1897)
species :
Calycobolus nutans (Moc. & Sessé ex Choisy) D.F.Austin; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58(2): 244 (1971 publ. 1972)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Prevostea velutina Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 542 (1847)
= Breweria mexicana Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 400 (1882)
= Breweria mexicana var. floribunda Villada; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 2: 127 (1892)
= Calycobolus pringlei House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 145 (1907)
= Calycobolus velutinus (M.Martens & Galeotti) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 144 (1907)
= Convolvulus nutans Moc. & Sessé; Pl. Nov. Hisp., ed. 1: 24 (1887 publ. 1890)
= Dufourea velutina M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(9): 259 (1845)
= Ipomoea nutans Moc. & Sessé ex Choisy; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 368 (1845)
= Porana nutans (Choisy) O´Donell; Lilloa 30: 62 (1960)
= Porana velutina (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 538 (1893)
= Prevostea velutina (M.Martens & Galeotti) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 542 (1847)
= Trivolvulus nutans Moc. & Sessé ex Choisy; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 368 (1845)
= Turbina mexicana (Hemsl.) Roberty; Candollea 14: 26 (1952)
= Turbina velutina (M.Martens & Galeotti) Roberty; Candollea 14: 26 (1952)
species :
Calycobolus parviflorus (Mangenot) Heine; Kew Bull. 16: 390 (1963)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Congo [Brazzaville]
22 GHA IVO LBR SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Prevostea parviflora Mangenot; Bull. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire, A 19: 360 (1957)
species :
Calycobolus petitianus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 54 (1985)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus upembaensis Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 58 (1985)
species :
Calycobolus robynsianus Lejoly & Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 56 (1985)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Calycobolus sericeus (Kunth) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 144 (1907)
Distribution: Colombia (Tolima); Peru; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calycobolus emarginatus Willd. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 4 (1819)
= Dufourea sericea Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 114, t. 214 (1818)
= Prevostea sericea (Kunth) Choisy; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 498 (1825)
= Reinwardtia sericea (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 863 (1824)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life