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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.7510 Genus Canthiumera K.M.Wong & Mahyuni; Reinwardtia 17(2): 107 (2018)
Distribution: India, Malesia
Species listed in database: 4
species :
Canthiumera glabra (Blume) K.M.Wong & Mahyuni; Reinwardtia 17(2): 108 (2018)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY SNG SUL SUM
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium glabrum Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 45 (1823)
= Canthium glabrum var. puberulum Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 254 (1857)
= Plectronia glabra (Blume) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46(2): 153 (1877)
= Plectronia glabra (Blume) Koord. & Valeton; Exkurs.-Fl. Java 3: 260 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Psydrax glaber (Blume) Deb & M.Gangop.; Nelumbo 54: 267 (2012)
variant :
var. laxiflora Mahyuni; Reinwardtia 21(1): 16 (2022)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
species :
Canthiumera neilgherrensis (Wight) K.M.Wong; Reinwardtia 17(2): 109 (2018)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium neilgherrense Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1064 bis (1846)
= Plectronia neilgherrensis (Wight) Bedd.; Fl. Sylv. S. India 134/6 (1872)
= Plectronia neilgherrensis var. chartacea Gamble; Fl. Madras 625 (1921)
variant :
var. chartacea (Gamble) K.M.Wong; Reinwardtia 17(2): 109 (2018)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium neilgherrense var. chartacea (Gamble) Swamin.; Biol. Mem. 2(1-2): 67 (1977)
species :
Canthiumera robusta K.M.Wong & X.Y.Ng; Reinwardtia 17(2): 109 (2018)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo (Sabah)
41 THA 42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
species :
Canthiumera siamensis (K.Schum.) K.M.Wong; Reinwardtia 17(2): 113 (2018)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium carinatum Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 291 (1924)
= Canthium glabrum var. pedunculatum Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 292 (1924)
= Canthium siamense (K.Schum.) Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 300 (1924)
= Plectronia siamensis (K.Schum.) Harms; Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 335 (1902)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life