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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6680; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.2036 Genus Cerbera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 208 (1753), nom. cons.
Distribution: Tropical Old World to Pacific, 1 to trop. Africa
Species listed in database: 6
= Elcana Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 584 (1845)
= Odollam Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 171 (1763)
= Tanghinia Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 10 (1806)
= Thevetia Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 171 (1763)
= Odollamia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
species :
Cerbera dumicola P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 3(4): 578 (1992)
Distribution: Australia (C-Queensland)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cerbera floribunda K.Schum.; Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land [Schumann & Hollrung] 111 (1889)
Distribution: Sulawesi; ?Philippines; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland: Daintree River); Palau (Babeldaob)
42 MOL NWG SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera batjanica Teijsm. & Binn. ex Valeton; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 12: 247 (1895)
= Cerbera micrantha Kaneh.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 343 (1931)
species :
Cerbera inflata S.T.Blake; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 70: 33 (1959)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Australia (NE-Queensland)
42 NWG 43 BIS 50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera dilatata S.T.Blake; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 59: 161 (1948)
species :
Cerbera laeta Leeuwenb.; Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 98(3): 18 (1999)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Cerbera manghas L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 208 (1753)
Distribution: Tanzania; Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius; Seychelles; Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); China (S-Guangdong, S-Guangxi, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; S-Taiwan; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Rotuma Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Tonga (Tongatapu, Nomuka, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u, Niuatoputapu); Fiji (incl. Nairai & Batiki Isl.); Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Banaba [Ocean] Isl.; Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Raiatea, Tahiti, Bora Bora); Austral Isl. (Rurutu, Tubuai); Pitcairn Isl.; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Malakal, Angaur); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ifalik, Truk, Moen, Tol, Lukunor, Kapingamarangi, Pohnpei, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Jaluit); Île Amsterdam; Île St. Paul
25 TAN 29 CGS COM MAU MDG SEY 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NWC OCE ROT SAM SCZ TON VAN WAL 61 AUI MRQ PIT SCI 62 MIC MRS PLU
Remarks: some of the Pacific distribution belongs to C. odollam
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera linnaei Montrouz.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 10: 233 (1860)
= Cerbera manghas var. mugfordii (F.M.Bailey) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 522 (1928)
= Cerbera manghas var. samoensis Hochr.; Candollea 5: 179 (1934)
= Cerbera odollam var. mugfordii F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 3: 282 (1898)
= Cerbera tanghin Hook.; Bot. Mag. 57: t. 2968 (1830)
= Cerbera tanquin Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 332 (1841)
= Cerbera venenifera (Poir.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 332 (1841)
= Elcana seminuda Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 584 (1845)
= Odollamia manghas (L.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
= Odollamia moluca Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
= Tabernaemontana obtusifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 275 (1817)
= Tanghinia manghas (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 98 (1837)
= Tanghinia venenifera Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 283 (1817)
form :
f. luteola Boiteau; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 10: 219 (1981)
Distribution: New Caledonia (Pouembout)
60 NWC
variant :
var. acutisperma Boiteau; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 10: 219 (1981)
Distribution: New Caledonia (WC-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
species :
Cerbera odollam Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 193 (1791)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Melaka, Pahang, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Vanuatu; Tonga; [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Society Isl.; Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Pagan, Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei); Trinidad & Tobago [I]
40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY PHI SNG SUL SUM 60 SAM TON VAN 61 COO SCI 62 GUM MIC MRN 81 trt
Remarks: distribution incomplete because of confusion with C. manghas
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera dilatata Markgr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 196, t. 10, fig. 2 H. (1927), et in Engl. Jahrb. 63: 285 (1930)
= Cerbera forsteri Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 157 (1866)
= Cerbera lactaria Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 642 (1825)
= Excoecaria ovatifolia Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 1 (1790), nomen
= Odollamia malabarica Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
= Tanghinia lactaria (Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 461 (1839)
= Tanghinia odollam (Gaertn.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 98 (1837)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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