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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.5921 Genus Chiococca P.Browne; Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 164 (1756)
Distribution: S-Florida (2), Caribbean, trop. America
Species listed in database: 23
= Asemnantha Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 12: (1873)
species :
Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4. 94 (1893)
Name: American Mint, Brendel, Dandy Root, David´s Root, Mapepire Root, Snowberry, Vagan (Trinidad & Tobago); West Indian milkberry
Distribution: USA (Florida, Texas); Bermuda; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; San Andrés y Providencia (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcón, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galápagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Acre); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay; Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD BER CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STM STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca alba f. pilosa Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 141 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Chiococca alba subsp. parvifolia (Wullschl. ex Griseb.) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 138 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Chiococca alba var. micrantha (J.R.Johnst.) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 139 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Chiococca alba var. parvifolia (Wullschl. ex Griseb.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 8: 675 (1921)
= Chiococca anguifuga Mart.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 1824/1824: 93 (1824)
= Chiococca anguifuga var. pubescens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 483 (1830)
= Chiococca anguifuga var. trinitensis DC. ex Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 337 (1861), pro syn.
= Chiococca bermudiana S.Br.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 61: 493 (1910)
= Chiococca brachiata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 67 (1799)
= Chiococca brachiata var. acuminata Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 53 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. acutifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 53 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. biformis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 52 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. conjungens Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 51 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. densifolia (Mart.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 53 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. diplomorpha Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 52 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. grandifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 50 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. intercedens Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 52 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. intermedia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 52 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. lanceolata Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 54 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. microphylla Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 53 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. petiolaris Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 54 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. rigidula Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 53 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. subrhombea Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 54 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. tenuifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 458 (1881)
= Chiococca brachiata var. valida Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 51 (1881)
= Chiococca capitata Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 323 (1913)
= Chiococca densifolia Mart.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 1824/1824: 93 (1824)
= Chiococca densifolia var. cubensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 482 (1830)
= Chiococca floridana (DC.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 75 (1838)
= Chiococca latifolia Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 75 (1838)
= Chiococca longifolia DC. ex Bello; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 282 (1881), nomen
= Chiococca macrocarpa M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11 (1): 230 (1844)
= Chiococca micrantha J.R.Johnst.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 696 (1905)
= Chiococca alba var. micrantha (Johnst.) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 139 (1971)
= Chiococca paniculata Hoffm. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 203 (1819), nom. inval.
= Chiococca parviflora R.O.Williams & Cheesman; Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 2: 29 (1928), orth. var.
= Chiococca parvifolia Wullschl. ex Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 337 (1861)
= Chiococca petensis Lundell; Wrightia 5: 7 (1972)
= Chiococca pinetorum Britton; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 171 (1906)
= Chiococca pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 202 (1819)
= Chiococca pubescens var. peninsularis Wiggins; Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 24 (1950)
= Chiococca racemosa L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 917 (1759)
= Chiococca racemosa var. cubensis (DC.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 54 (1881)
= Chiococca racemosa var. floridana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 482 (1830)
= Chiococca racemosa var. jacquiniana Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 337 (1861)
= Chiococca racemosa var. laxiflora DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 482 (1830)
= Chiococca racemosa var. longifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 482 (1830)
= Chiococca racemosa var. scandens Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 209 (1805)
= Chiococca racemosa var. yucatana Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 361 (1922)
= Chiococca trisperma Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 219 (1847)
= Chiococca trisperma var. angustifolia Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 193 (1855)
= Lonicera alba L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 175 (1753)
species :
Chiococca auyantepuiensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 374 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar: Auyan-tepui)
82 VEN
species :
Chiococca belizensis Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 29: 492 (1943)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; ?Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Chocó, Valle)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca durifolia Dwyer; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 87 (1980)
species :
Chiococca caputensis Lorence & C.M.Taylor; Novon 5(2): 201 (1995)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
species :
Chiococca coriacea M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11 (1): 231 (1844)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca racemosa var. coriacea (M.Martens & Galeotti) Oerst.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 1, 3: 40 (1853)
species :
Chiococca filipes Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 53 (1942)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca); Guatemala; ?Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA NIC PAN
species :
Chiococca grandiflora Lorence & T.Van Devender; PhytoKeys 98: 74 (2018)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
species :
Chiococca henricksonii M.C.Johnst.; Madroño 28: 30 (1981)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
species :
Chiococca insularis (Ridl.) C.M.Taylor & M.R.Barbosa; Phytotaxa 202(1): 18 (2015)
Distribution: Fernando Noronha Isl.
84 FNI
Synonyms: hidden
= Erithalis insularis (Ridl.) Zappi & T.S.Nunes; Kew Bull. 55: 655 (2000)
= Palicourea insularis Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 41 (1890)
species :
Chiococca lucens Standl. & Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 228: 571 (1953)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar: Sororopan-tepui)
82 VEN
species :
Chiococca motleyana Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 53(3-4): 268 (2011), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize
79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asemnantha pubescens Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 12: 40 (1873)
species :
Chiococca multipedunculata Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 373 (1972)
Distribution: Guyana
82 GUY
species :
Chiococca nitida Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 236 (1841)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; French Guiana; Peru; NE-Brazil (Ceará, Paraíba, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)
82 FRG GUY VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca erubescens Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 322 (1913)
variant :
var. amazonica Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 50 (1889)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 GUY VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca cordata Cowan; Brittonia 7: 411 (1952)
= Chiococca nitida f. cordata (Cowan) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 377 (1972)
variant :
var. chimantensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 376 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar: Torono-tepui)
82 VEN
species :
Chiococca oaxacana Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 383 (1940)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 323 (1913)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca mexicana Lundell; Wrightia 5: 71 (1974)
species :
Chiococca petrina Wiggins; Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 76 (1940)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Chiococca phaeostemon Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 594 (1834)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca staminea M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11 (1): 231 (1844)
species :
Chiococca pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 202 (1819)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas); Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Tolima); Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcón, Mérida, Miranda, Sucre, Táchira, Zulia); French Guiana (to be expected in Guyana); Peru
79 MEX 82 CLM FRG VEN 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca anguifuga var. pubescens (Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 483 (1830)
species :
Chiococca rubriflora Lundell; Wrightia 5: 7 (1972)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Chiococca semipilosa Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 279 (1940)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca gracilis Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 49(1-2): 63 (2007)
= Chiococca pubescens Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 209 (1919), non Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
= Chiococca pueblensis Lundell; Wrightia 5: 7 (1972)
= Chiococca vestita Lundell; Wrightia 5: 8 (1972)
= Chiococca vestita var. glaberrima Lundell; Wrightia 5: 9 (1972)
species :
Chiococca sessilifolia Miranda; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 21: 306 (1951)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Chiococca steyermarkii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 280 (1940)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Chiococca stricta Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 45 (1977)
Distribution: Bahamas (Crooked and Acklins Isl.)
81 BAH
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life