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Ver. 19.3
May 18th, 2024

253.0000 Family Cucurbitaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 393 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 100 genera, ca. 1050 spp. Phylogeny: Schaefer & Renner (2011)
Species listed in database: 1082; hybrids: 3
= Bryoniaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 6, 112 (1836)
= Cyclantheraceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 716, 980 (1870)
= Nhandirobaceae T.Lestib.; Botanogr. Elém.: 515 (1826)
= Zanoniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 28, 29 (1829)
253.1504 Genus Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. 279 (1836)
Distribution: S-Europe, Africa, E-Mediterranean, tropical Asia. Systematics: Renner et al. (2017)
Species listed in database: 7
= Rigocarpus Neck.; Elem. 1: 238 (1790)
= Colocynthis Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754)
= Pseudocucumis (A.Meeuse) C.Jeffrey; Genet. Resursy Kul´t. Rast. 174 (2009)
species :
Citrullus amarus Schrad.; Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 279 (1836)
Name: Citron melon
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Citrullus caffer Schrad.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Götting. (1834), ex Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 279
= Citrullus colocynthis var. capensis Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 211 (1866)
= Citrullus lanatus f. amarus (Schrad.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes; Sandakania 17:50 (2008)
= Citrullus lanatus var. caffer (Schrad.) Mansf.; Kulturpflanze, Beih. 2: 422 (1959)
= Citrullus lanatus var. capensis (Alef.) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 37 (1972)
= Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H.Bailey) Mansf.; Kulturpflanze, Beih. 2: 422 (1959)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. citroides L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 186 (1930)
species :
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 414 (1838)
Name: Koloquinthe (DE); Colocynth (EN); Cohombrillo melonero (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Pantelleria [I]; Romania [I]; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana [I]; Benin; Niger; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra; NE-Kenya; Madagascar [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nimroz); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab); NW-India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; USA [I] (Texas [I]); Argentina [I]
11 ger hun 12 spa 13 ita ptl rom sic 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 CNY CVI 22 BEN BKN gha MLI MTN NGR 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN 29 mdg 31 rfe 32 TKM UZB 33 ARM 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 BAN IND mdv PAK srl 41 mya vie 50 aus 60 nwc rot 77 usa 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Citrullus colocynthis subsp. insipidus (Pangalo) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. 57(1): 39 (1972)
= Citrullus colocynthis subsp. stenotomus (Pangalo) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. 57(1): 39 (1972)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. bipinnatifidus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 211 (1866)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. indicus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 211 (1866)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. insipidus Pangalo; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 23(3): 73 (1930)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. officinalis Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 211 (1866)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. stenotomus Pangalo; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 23(3): 72 (1930)
= Citrullus colocynthis var. wenderothii Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 211 (1866)
= Citrullus colocynthoides Pangalo; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 23(3): 66 (1929-1930 publ. 1930)
= Citrullus pseudocolocynthis (Wender.) M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2 (Syn. Pepon.) 50 (1846)
= Colocynthis officinalis Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 421 (1838)
= Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad.; Ind. Sem. Horti Gött. 2 (1832)
= Cucumis bipinnatifidus Wight ex Naudin; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 12: 99 (1859)
= Cucumis colocynthis (L.) Thunb.; Prod. Pl. Cap. 13 (1794)
= Cucumis colocynthis L.; Sp. Pl. 1011 (1753)
= Cucumis colocynthoides Pi.Savi; Index Seminum (PI, Ticinensis) 1839: [2] (1839)
= Cucurbita colocyntha Link; Handbuch 1: 643 (1829)
species :
Citrullus ecirrhosus Cogn.; Abh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 30: 151 (1889), et in Bot. Jahrb. 10: 270 (1888)
Name: Tendril-less melon
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Colocynthis ecirrhosus (Cogn.) Chakrav.; Science & Culture 15: 32 (1949)
species :
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai; Cat. Sem. Spor. H. B. Univ. Tokyo 1920: 30 (1920), nom. cons.
Name: Dessert-Wassermelone (DE), Watermelon (EN), Melon d´eau (FR)
Distribution: Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Slovenia [c]; Croatia [c]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [c]; North Macedonia [c]; Estonia [c]; Libya [c]; Azores [c] (Sao Miguel Isl. [c], Terceira [c]); Madeira [c] (Porto Santo Isl. [c]); Mauritania [c]; Gambia [c]; Guinea [c]; Sierra Leone [c]; Mali [c]; Burkina Faso [c]; Ghana [c]; Togo [c]; Benin [c]; Niger [c]; Chad [c]; Nigeria [c]; Cameroon [c]; Bioko Isl. [c] (Fernando Poo); ?Principe Isl. [c]; Gabon [c]; Congo [Brazzaville] [c]; Central African Republic [c]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [c]; Chad [c]; Sudan [c]; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra [c]; Uganda [c]; Kenya [c]; Tanzania [c]; Angola [c]; Zambia [c]; Malawi [c]; Zimbabwe [c]; Mozambique [c]; Namibia [c]; Botswana [c]; South Africa [c]; Lesotho [c]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [c]; Madagascar [c]; Mauritius [c]; La Réunion [c]; Rodrigues [c]; Seychelles [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Turkmenistan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Georgia [Caucasus] [c]; East Aegaean Isl. [c] (Rhodos [c]); Afghanistan [c]; China [c]; South Korea [c]; Japan [c]; Taiwan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Nepal [c]; India [c] (widespread); Maldives [c]; Sri Lanka [c]; Bangladesh [c]; Andaman Isl. [c] (Little Andaman Isl. [c], South Andamans [c]); Myanmar [c]; Thailand [c]; Laos [c]; Cambodia [c]; Vietnam [c]; Sulawesi [c]; Philippines [c]; Java [c]; New Guinea [c]; Australia [c] (Western Australia [c], Northern Territory [c], South Australia [c], Queensland [c], New South Wales [c], Victoria [c]); New Zealand [c]; Vanuatu [c]; Rotuma Isl. [c]; Niue [c]; Fiji [c]; Gilbert Isl. [c]; Nauru [c]; N-Line Isl. [c] (Tabueran [c]); Cook Isl. [c] (Rarotonga [c]); Society Isl. [c] (Tahiti [c], Raiatea [c], Tupai [c], Tetiaroa Atoll [c]); Tuamotu Arch. [c] (Takapoto Atoll [c]); Austral Isl. [c]; Palau [c]; Northern Marianas [c] (Rota [c]); Guam [c]; Fed. States of Micronesia [c] (Ulithi [c], Pohnpei [c], Truk [c], Tol [c]); Marshall Isl. [c] (Enewetok [c], Kwajalein [c], Jaluit [c]); USA [c] (Alabama [c], Arkansas [c], Arizona [c], California [c], Connecticut [c], Georgia [c], Illinois [c], Indiana [c], Kansas [c], Kentucky [c], Louisiana [c], Massachusetts [c], Maryland [c], Maine [c], Michigan [c], Missouri [c], Mississippi [c], North Carolina [c], New Jersey [c], New Mexico [c], New York [c], Ohio [c], Pennsylvania [c], Rhode Island [c], South Carolina [c], Tennessee [c], Texas [c], Utah [c], Virginia [c], Vermont [c], Wisconsin [c], West Virginia [c]); Mexico [c]; Guatemala [c]; Belize [c]; El Salvador [c]; Honduras [c]; Nicaragua [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Panama [c]; Bahamas [c]; Cuba [c]; Cayman Isl. [c]; Jamaica [c]; Dominican Republic [c]; Haiti [c]; Puerto Rico [c]; Navassa Isl. [c]; Virgin Isl. [c]; Trinidad & Tobago [c]; Colombia [c]; Venezuela [c]; Guyana [c]; Surinam [c]; French Guiana [c]; Ecuador [c]; Galapagos [c]; Peru [c]; Bolivia [c]; Brazil [c] (Mato Grosso [c], etc.); Argentina [c]
11 ger hun slo 13 bih cro nma slv 14 est 20 lby 21 azo mdr 22 ben bkn gam gha gui mli mtn nga ngr sie tog 23 caf cmn con gab zai 24 cha ERI ETH soc SOM sud 25 ken tan uga 26 ang mlw moz zam zim 27 bot les nam saf swz 29 mau mdg reu rod sey 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 33 geo 34 afg eai 36 chi 38 jap kor tai 40 ban ind mdv nep pak srl 41 and cbd lao mya tha vie 42 jaw nwg phi sul 50 aus 51 nzl 60 fij gil nru nue rot van 61 aui coo lin sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 bah cay cub his jam nav pue trt vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Anguria citrullus (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. add. (1768)
= Citrullus anguria (Duchesne) H.Hara; Taxon 2: 134 (1953)
= Citrullus aquosus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 221 (1866)
= Citrullus battich Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 167 (1775)
= Citrullus battich var. lanatus (Thunb.) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 61: 4 (1948)
= Citrullus caffrorum Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 413 (1838)
= Citrullus chodospermus Falc. & Dunal; Bull. Soc. Agr. Herault (1836), 264
= Citrullus citrullus (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. (Karsten) 889 (1882)
= Citrullus citrullus (L.) Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 606 (1898)
= Citrullus edulis Pangalo; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 23(3): 44 (1929-1930 publ. 1930), nom. illeg.
= Citrullus edulis Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 6: 214 (1856), nom. illeg.
= Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.; Kulturpfi., Beib. 2, 421 (1959) isonym
= Citrullus lanatus f. nigroseminius (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus subsp. cordophanus Ter-Avan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 51: 423 (1966), no type indicated
= Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris (Schrad.) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. 57(1): 37 (1972)
= Citrullus lanatus var. albidus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. caffrorum (Alef.) Fosberg; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 15 (1980)
= Citrullus lanatus var. cordophanus (Ter-Avan.) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 38 (1972), nomen as only a neotype is indicated.
= Citrullus lanatus var. minor (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. mucosospermus Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 38 (1972)
= Citrullus lanatus var. oblongus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 181 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. pulcherrimus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. pumilus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 181 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. rotundus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. shami (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 181 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. variegatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. virgatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 181 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. viridis (Chakrav.) Maheshw.; Indian J. Forest. 1: 180 (1978)
= Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris (Schrad.) Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 38 (1972)
= Citrullus pasteca Sageret; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 312 (1826)
= Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.; Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 279 (1836)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. caffrorum Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. depressus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. ellipsoideus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. erythrospermus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. jacaeus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 209 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. lanatus (Thunb.) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 186 (1930)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. maximus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. naudinii Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. pasteca (Sageret) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 210 (1866)
= Citrullus vulgaris var. rimosus Tod.; Index Seminum (PAL, Panormitani) 1858: 26 (1858)
= Colocynthis amarissima Schrad.; Linnaea 10(Litt.): 70 (1836)
= Colocynthis citrullus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 256 (1891)
= Cucumis amarissimus Schrad.; Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1829: [2] (1829)
= Cucumis citrullus (L.) Ser.; DC., Prodr. 3: 301 (1825)
= Cucumis citrullus var. jace Ser.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 3: 301 (1828)
= Cucumis citrullus var. pasteca Ser.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 3: 301 (1828)
= Cucumis dissectus Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 449 (1834)
= Cucumis edulis Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 451 (1840)
= Cucumis laciniosus Eckl. ex Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 451 (1840)
= Cucumis purpureus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 12 (1790), nomen
= Cucumis vulgaris (Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. (Sturm), ed. 2, 12: 246 (1904)
= Cucurbita anguria Duchesne; Lam. Encyc. 2: 158 (1786)
= Cucurbita caffra Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 279 (1834-1835)
= Cucurbita citrullus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1010-1011 (1753)
= Cucurbita gigantea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 157 (1796)
= Cucurbita pinnatifida Schrank; Syll. Ratisb. 1: 190 (1824)
= Momordica lanata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 13 (1794), nom. cons.
species :
Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) Fursa; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 81: 111 (1983)
Name: Eguusi melon
Distribution: Senegal; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon
22 GHA NGA SEN 23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Citrullus lanatus subsp. mucosospermus Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. 57(1): 38 (1972)
= Citrullus lanatus var. mucosospermus (Fursa) K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61(8): 1461 (2014)
= Citrullus lanatus var. senegalicus Fursa; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 39 (1972), no type indicated.
= Citrullus mucosospermus var. senegalicus (Fursa) Fursa; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 81: 111 (1983)
species :
Citrullus naudinianus (Sond.) Hook.f.; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 549 (1871)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthosicyos naudinianus (Sond.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 15: 346 (1962)
= Colocynthis naudinianus (Sond.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: (1891)
= Cucumis naudinianus Sond.; Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 2: 496 (1862)
= Cucumis prophetarum Mey. ex Cogn.; DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 492 (1881) non L.
= Pseudocucumis naudinianus (Sond.) C.Jeffrey; Genet. Resursy Kul´t. Rast. 174 (2009)
species :
Citrullus rehmii De Winter; Bothalia 20(2): 209 (1990)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (May 18th, 2024)

Covering 354,831 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,461 synonyms,
in total 1,407,705* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life