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512.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5597
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
512.5022 Genus Cosmianthemum Bremek.; Blumea 10: 166 (1960)
Distribution: Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
Species listed in database: 14
species :
Cosmianthemum angustifolium Bremek.; Blumea 10: 169 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum anomalum B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 369 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum brookeae Bremek.; Blumea 10: 172 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum bullatum (N.E.Br.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 372 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthera bullata N.E.Br.; Ill. Hort. 33: 43 t. 589 (1886)
species :
Cosmianthemum dido B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 371 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum guangxiense H.S.Lo & D.Fang; Guihaia 17(1): 42 (1997)
Distribution: China (Guangxi); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cosmianthemum longiflorum D.Fang & H.S.Lo; Guihaia 17: 43 (1997)
species :
Cosmianthemum knoxiifolium (C.B.Clarke) B.Hansen; Nordic J. Bot. 5(2): 195 (1985)
Distribution: China (Hainan); peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan); Borneo
36 CHI 42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnostachyum knoxiifolium C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 663 (1908)
= Pseuderanthemum parviflorum Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 294 (1913)
= Ptyssiglottis parviflora (Ridl.) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 604 (1923)
= Sphinctacanthus malayanus Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 306 (1922)
species :
Cosmianthemum latifolium Bremek.; Blumea 10: 168 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum magnifolium Bremek.; Blumea 10: 168 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cosmianthemum longibracteatum Bremek.; Blumea 10: 171 (1960)
species :
Cosmianthemum melinhense D.V.Hai, Z.L.Lin & Y.F.Deng; Phytotaxa 538(2): 125 (2022)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Cosmianthemum obtusifolium Bremek.; Blumea 10: 170 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum punctulatum Bremek.; Blumea 10: 173 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum subglabrum Bremek.; Blumea 10: 174 (1960)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Cosmianthemum viriduliflorum (C.Y.Wu & H.S.Lo) H.S.Lo; Guihaia 17(1): 42 (1997)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Graptophyllum viriduliflorum C.Y.Wu & H.S.Lo; Fl. Hainan. 3: 594 (1974)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life