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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.6003 Genus Cosmibuena Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 3: 3, t. 226 (1802)
Distribution: Mexico, C- and trop. S-America
Species listed in database: 4
= Buena Pohl; Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 8 (1826)
species :
Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 568 (1907)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Mérida, Zulia); Guyana; ?Surinam; ?French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia)
80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Buena latifolia Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 191 (1845)
= Buena obtusifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 356 (1830)
= Buena skinneri Oerst.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 1, 3: 48 (1853)
= Buena triflora Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 216 (1841)
= Cinchona china López ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 356 (1830)
= Cinchona grandiflora Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 54 (1799)
= Cinchona longiflora Mutis ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 196 (1821)
= Cinchona obtusifolia D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 721 (1839)
= Cinchona quina Ruiz; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 3: 4 (1802)
= Cosmibuena arborea Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 447 (1914)
= Cosmibuena gardenioides Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 321 (1913)
= Cosmibuena grandiflora var. latifolia (Benth.) Hook.f. ex Monach.; Phytologia 3: 65 (1949)
= Cosmibuena grandiflora var. latifolia (Benth.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 296 (1972), isonym
= Cosmibuena latifolia (Benth.) Klotzsch ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 69 (1849)
= Cosmibuena longiflora Mutis ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 196 (1821)
= Cosmibuena obtusifolia Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 3: III (1802)
= Cosmibuena obtusifolia var. latifolia (Benth.) Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 102: t. 6239 (1876)
= Cosmibuena ovalis Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 137 (1916)
= Cosmibuena quinqueflora Klotzsch; Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 15 (1846)
= Cosmibuena skinneri (Oerst.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 12 (1881)
= Cosmibuena triflora (Benth.) Klotzsch; Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 15 (1843)
species :
Cosmibuena macrocarpa (Benth.) Klotzsch ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 69 (1846)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Valle); Ecuador; Peru
80 COS NIC 82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Buena macrocarpa Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 104 (1844)
= Cosmibuena gorgonensis Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 321 (1913)
= Cosmibuena paludicola Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 137 (1916)
species :
Cosmibuena matudae (Standl.) L.O.Williams; Fieldiana, Bot. 231: 45 (1965)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Cosmibuena holdridgei Monach.; Phytologia 3: 64 (1949)
= Hillia matudae Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 51 (1940)
species :
Cosmibuena valerii (Standl.) C.M.Taylor; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79(4): 897 (1992)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hillia chiriquiensis Dwyer; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 216 (1980)
= Hillia ligulifolia Dwyer; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 218 (1980)
= Hillia valerii Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 164 (1928)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life