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491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.8406 Genus Duroia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 30, 299 (1782)
Distribution: C- (from Guatemala to Costa Rica) and trop. S-America
Species listed in database: 37
= Coupoui Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane, Suppl. 16, t. 377 (1775)
= Cupirana Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 15 (1878)
= Cupuia Raf.; Précis Découv. Somiol. 29 (1814)
= Pubeta L.; Pl. Surin. 16 (1775), nom. rej.
= Schachtia H.Karst.; Linnaea 30: 156 (1859)
species :
Duroia amapana Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 209 (1965)
Distribution: Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amapa)
82 FRG SUR 84 BRA
species :
Duroia aquatica (Aubl.) Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 270 (1934)
Distribution: Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amapa)
82 FRG SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Coupoui aquatica Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane, Suppl. 16 (1775)
= Cupirana aubletiana Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 15 (1878)
species :
Duroia bolivarensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 206 (1965)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Vaupés); Venezuela (Bolívar)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Duroia costaricensis Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 208 (1919)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
species :
Duroia duckei Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 6: 205 (1914 publ. 1915)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM 83 ECU 84 BRA
species :
Duroia eriopila L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 209 (1782)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua affinis Miq.; Linnaea 18: 613 (1845)
= Amaioua eriopila (L.f.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 387 (1880)
= Amaioua grandifolia Miq.; Linnaea 18: 291 (1844)
= Amaioua surinamensis Steud.; Flora 26: 763 (1843)
= Amaioua ursina Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 168 (1930)
= Duroia eriopila f. glabra Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 203 (1965)
= Duroia surinamensis (Steud.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 804 (1893)
= Gardenia merianae (A.Rich.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 708 (1812)
= Genipa eriopila (L.f.) Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 886 (1841)
= Genipa merianae A.Rich.; Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107 (1792)
variant :
var. brevidentata Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 203 (1965)
Distribution: Ecuador; N-Brazil (Pará)
83 ECU 84 BRA
variant :
var. tafelbergensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 203 (1965)
Distribution: Surinam
82 SUR
species :
Duroia fusifera Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 363 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar); Guyana; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua fusifera Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 82 (1873)
species :
Duroia genipoides Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 364 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá, Guainía, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua genipoides Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 82 (1873)
species :
Duroia gransabanensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 205 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 VEN 84 BRA
species :
Duroia hirsuta (Poepp.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 367 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Vaupés); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM GUY 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua hirsuta Poepp.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 25 (1841)
= Duroia spraguei Wernham; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 66 (1914)
= Schachtia dioica H.Karst.; Linnaea 30: 157 (1859)
species :
Duroia hirsutissima Steyerm.; Brittonia 33: 385 (1981)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Acre)
84 BRA
species :
Duroia kotchubaeoides Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 201 (1965)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
species :
Duroia laevis Devia, C.H.Perss. & C.M.Taylor; Novon 9(3): 433 (1999)
Distribution: Colombia (Chocó, Valle); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Duroia longiflora Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 181 (1925)
Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará)
82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
species :
Duroia longifolia (Poepp.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 365 (1889)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua longifolia Poepp.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 26 (1845)
species :
Duroia macrophylla Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 6: 205 (1914)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Pando); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Coupoui brasiliensis Wernham; J. Bot. 58: 170 (1920)
species :
Duroia maguirei Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 343 (1972)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guaviare, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
variant :
var. patentinervia Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 345 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 VEN 84 BRA
species :
Duroia martiniana (Miers) Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 270 (1934)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
Synonyms: hidden
= Coupoui martiniana (Miers) Wernham; J. Bot. 58: 107 (1920)
= Cupirana martiniana Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 17 (1878)
species :
Duroia melinonii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 203 (1936)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
species :
Duroia merumensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 207 (1965)
Distribution: Guyana
82 GUY
species :
Duroia micrantha (Ladbr.) Zarucchi & J.H.Kirkbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 851 (1990)
Name: Tutumillo
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Meta, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Guarico); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Coupoui micrantha Ladbr.; J. Bot. 58: 176 (1920)
= Duroia sprucei Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 133 (1920)
species :
Duroia nitida Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 208 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 VEN 84 BRA
species :
Duroia palustris Ducke; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 480 (1932)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Duroia paraensis Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 182 (1925)
Distribution: Peru; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas)
83 PER 84 BRA
species :
Duroia paruensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 206 (1965)
Distribution: Colombia (Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Duroia petiolaris Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 364 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua petiolaris Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 82 (1873)
species :
Duroia plicata Benoist; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 6: 558 (1920)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
species :
Duroia prancei Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 345 (1972)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
species :
Duroia retrorsipila Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 208 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)
82 VEN
species :
Duroia saccifera (Schult. & Schult.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 362 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Peru; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)
82 CLM VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua saccifera Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 91 (1829)
species :
Duroia sancti-ciprianii Devia, C.H.Perss. & C.M.Taylor; Novon 9(3): 436 (1999)
Distribution: Colombia (Chocó, Valle)
82 CLM
species :
Duroia soejartoi D.R.Simpson; Phytologia 51: 310 (1982)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Valle)
82 CLM
species :
Duroia strigosa Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 204 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)
82 VEN
species :
Duroia trichocarpa Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 353 (1936)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Remarks: Status uncertain
species :
Duroia triflora Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 183 (1925)
Distribution: Ecuador; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
83 ECU 84 BRA
species :
Duroia valesca C.H.Perss. & Delprete; Nordic J. Bot. 28(5): 525 (2010)
Distribution: Brazil (Espirito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Duroia velutina Hook.f. ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 366 (1889)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaioua velutina Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 82 (1873)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life