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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8211 Genus Empogona Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 11: t. 1091 (1871)
Distribution: Tropical Africa, Indian Ocean
Species listed in database: 30
species :
Empogona acidophylla (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 206 (2009)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia acidophylla Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 49(3-4): 292 (1979)
species :
Empogona aequatoria (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia aequatoria Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48(3-4): 465 (1978)
species :
Empogona africana (Sim) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Diplospora africana Sim; Forest Fl. Cape 238 (1907)
= Tricalysia africana (Sim) Robbr.; S. African J. Bot. 51(5): 331 (1985)
species :
Empogona aulacosperma (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia aulacosperma Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 49(3-4): 296 (1979)
species :
Empogona bequaertii (De Wild.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CON ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia bequaertii De Wild.; Mém. Inst. Roy. Colon. Belge, Sect. Sci. Nat. (8vo) 7: 71 (1938)
species :
Empogona bracteata (Hiern) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Central African Republic
22 GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR SIE 23 CAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia bracteata Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 120 (1877)
= Tricalysia syrmanthera Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 120 (1877)
species :
Empogona breteleri (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia breteleri Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51(1-2): 166 (1981)
species :
Empogona buxifolia (Hiern) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
subspecies :
subsp. buxifolia
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia buxifolia Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 119 (1877)
subspecies :
subsp. australis (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia buxifolia var. australis Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48(3-4): 465 (1978)
species :
Empogona cacondensis (Hiern) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov.)
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia cacondensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 467 (1898)
species :
Empogona concolor (N.Hallé) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia concolor N.Hallé; Fl. Gabon 17: 283 (1970)
species :
Empogona congesta (Oliv.) Cheek; Blumea 2018 preprint 4 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. congesta
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Empogona congesta (Oliv.) J.E.Burrows; Trees Shrubs Mozambique 1047 (2018), isonym
= Empogona ruandensis (Bremek.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 209 (2009)
= Kraussia congesta Oliv.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 95 (1876)
= Tricalysia congesta (Oliv.) Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 120 (1877)
= Tricalysia ruandensis Bremek.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 26: 253 (1956)
subspecies :
subsp. chasei (Bridson) Cheek; Blumea 2018 preprint 5 (2018)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia congesta subsp. chasei Bridson; Fl. Zambes. 5(3): 478 (2003)
= Empogona congesta subsp. chasei (Bridson) J.E.Burrows; Trees Shrubs Mozambique 1047 (2018), isonym
species :
Empogona coriacea (Sond.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Name: Coast Coffee
Distribution: Angola; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I])
26 ANG MOZ 27 SAF SWZ 29 ald
Synonyms: hidden
= Hypobathrum lagoense Baill.; Adansonia 12: 210 (1878)
= Kraussia coriacea Sond.; Linnaea 23: 53 (1850) (non T. coriacea (Benth.) Hiern)
= Tricalysia sonderiana Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 119 (1877)
species :
Empogona crepiniana (De Wild. & T.Durand) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CAB CAF CMN CON EQG ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia crepiniana De Wild. & T.Durand; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 3, 1: 120 (1901)
= Tricalysia crepiniana var. elliptica De Wild.; Miss. Ém. Laurent 1: 287 (1906)
species :
Empogona deightonii (Brenan) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast
22 IVO LBR SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia deightonii Brenan; Kew Bull. [8]: 112 (1953)
species :
Empogona discolor (Brenan) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 207 (2009)
Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon
22 GHA IVO LBR NGA 23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia discolor Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 72 (1947)
= Tricalysia mildbraedii Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 293 (1958)
species :
Empogona filiformistipulata (De Wild.) Bremek.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71: 222 (1940)
subspecies :
subsp. filiformistipulata
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 IVO 23 CMN CON ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urophyllum filiformi-stipulatum De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 211 (1925)
= Tricalysia filiformistipulata (De Wild.) Brenan; Kew Bull. [8]: 112 (1953)
subspecies :
subsp. epipsila (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia filiformistipulata var. epipsila Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48(3-4): 465 (1978)
species :
Empogona glabra (K.Schum.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1. Compt. Rend.): 200 (1899)
= Tricalysia djumaensis De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 202 (1904)
= Tricalysia glabra K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 445 (1896)
= Tricalysia mechowiana K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 447 (1896)
species :
Empogona gossweileri (S.Moore) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 305 (1906)
species :
Empogona jenniferae Cheek; Blumea 2018 preprint 6 (2018)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
species :
Empogona kirkii Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 11: t. 1091 (1871)
subspecies :
subsp. kirkii
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Empogona allenii Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 79 (1906)
= Hypobathrum kirkii (Hook.f.) Baill.; Adansonia 12: 205 (1879)
= Tricalysia allenii (Stapf) Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 60 (1947)
= Tricalysia allenii var. kirkii (Hook.f.) Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 61 (1947)
= Tricalysia junodii var. kirkii (Hook.f.) Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 49(3-4): 271 (1979)
subspecies :
subsp. junodii (Schinz) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); South Africa (Limpopo)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Empogona junodii Schinz; Mém. Herb. Boissier 10: 67 (1900)
= Tricalysia allenii var. australis (Schweick.) Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 62 (1947)
= Tricalysia junodii (Schinz) Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 60 (1947)
= Tricalysia kirkii var. australis Schweick.; Bothalia 3: 255 (1937)
species :
Empogona lanceolata (Sond.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Name: Jackal-coffee
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Hypobathrum lanceolatum Baill.; Adansonia 12: 206 (1878)
= Kraussia lanceolata Sond.; Linnaea 23: 53 (1850)
= Psychotria saligna E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 214 (1843), nomen
= Tricalysia lanceolata (Sond.) Burtt Davy; Ann. Transvaal Mus. 3: 122 (1912)
species :
Empogona macrophylla (K.Schum.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic
22 GHA IVO NGA 23 CAF CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia macrophylla K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 66 (1899)
species :
Empogona maputensis (Bridson & A.E.van Wyk) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia maputensis Bridson & A.E.van Wyk; Fl. Zambes. 5(3): 475 (2003)
species :
Empogona ngalaensis (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia ngalaensis Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 49(3-4): 277 (1979)
species :
Empogona nogueirae (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia nogueirae Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48(3-4): 466 (1978)
species :
Empogona ovalifolia (Hiern) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Aldabra
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN 29 ALD COM MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium subopacum (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 380 (1932)
= Eriostoma albicaulis Boivin ex Baill.; Adansonia 12: 208 (1878), nomen
= Hypobathrum albicaule Baill.; Adansonia 12: 209 (1879)
= Hypobathrum comorense Baill.; Adansonia 12: 210 (1879)
= Plectronia subopaca K.Schum. & K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 538 (1907)
= Tricalysia cuneifolia Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 148 (1894)
= Tricalysia ovalifolia Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 119 (1877)
variant :
var. glabrata (Oliv.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Madagascar
25 KEN TAN 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Empogona kirkii var. glabrata Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 2: 331 (1887)
= Tricalysia ovalifolia var. acutifolia Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 58 (1947)
= Tricalysia ovalifolia var. glabrata (Oliv.) Brenan; Kew Bull. [4]: 59 (1949)
variant :
var. taylorii (S.Moore) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 208 (2009)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Empogona taylorii S.Moore; J. Bot. 63: 145 (1925)
= Tricalysia ovalifolia var. taylorii (S.Moore) Brenan; Kew Bull. [2]: 59 (1947)
species :
Empogona reflexa (Hutch.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 209 (2009)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia reflexa Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 44 (1915)
variant :
var. ivorensis (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 209 (2009)
Distribution: Ivory Coast
22 IVO
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia reflexa var. ivorensis Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48(3-4): 466 (1978)
species :
Empogona somaliensis (Robbr.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 209 (2009)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia somaliensis Robbr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 56(1-2): 149 (1986)
species :
Empogona talbotii (Wernham) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 209 (2009)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]
22 NGA 23 CMN CON
Synonyms: hidden
= Cremaspora talbotii Wernham; Cat. Pl. Oban [Rendle et al.] 49 (1913)
= Pauridiantha insculpta (Hutch. & Dalziel) Bremek.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71: 215 (1940)
= Tricalysia talbotii (Wernham) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 291 (1958)
= Urophyllum insculptum Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 104 (1931)
species :
Empogona welwitschii (K.Schum.) Tosh & Robbr.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 209 (2009)
Distribution: Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tricalysia welwitschii K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 449 (1897)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life