041.0000
Family
Polypodiaceae J. & C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 159 (1822)
67 genera, ca. 1700 spp. Phylogeny: Wei & Zhang 2022
Species listed in database: 1749; hybrids: 50
= Platyceriaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 18 (1978)
= Drynariaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1-37 (1978)
= Grammitidaceae Newman; Hist. Brit. Ferns 7 (1840) (Grammitaceae auct., missp.)
= Gymnogrammitidaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 12 (1966)
= Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 29: 11 (1975)
= Platyceriaceae Ching; Sunyatsenia 5: ? (1940)
= Pleurosoriopsidaceae Sa.Kurata & Ikebe ex Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 17 (1978)
041.9010
Genus
Enterosora Baker; Timehri 5: 218 (1886)
Distribution: Neotropics, trop. Africa, Madagascar / Mascarenes. Expansion of genus to include Zygophlebia fide Shalisko et al. (2019). Checklist revised for this database by Parris (2020)
Species listed in database: 28
= Glyphotaenium (J.Sm.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 187 (1875)
= Zygophlebia L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79: 103-118 (1989)
species :
Enterosora anjanaharibensis
(Rakotondr.) Parris & Sundue; Phytotaxa 708(3): 296 (2025)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophlebia anjanaharibensis Rakotondr.; Taxon 55(1): 147 (2006)
= Grammitis anjanaharibensis (Rakotondr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 41 (2018)
species :
Enterosora asplenioides
L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17(3): 358 (1992), nom. nov.
Distribution: Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis sinuata (T.Moore) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 49 (2018)
= Gymnogramma sinuata T.Moore ex Benth.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 483 (1891), nom. illeg.
species :
Enterosora barbatula
(Baker) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 426 (2002)
Distribution: Madagascar; La Réunion
29 MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis barbatula (Baker) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 240 (1941)
= Grammitis poolii (Baker) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 211 (1947)
= Polypodium barbatulum Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 323 (1867)
= Polypodium beaumontii Leperv. ex Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 146, 209 (1868)
= Polypodium ciliatum Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 416 (1837) (nomen, non Willd. (1810))
= Polypodium hookeri Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 84 (1895)
= Polypodium poolii Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 419 (1876)
species :
Enterosora bishopii
A.Rojas; Lankesteriana 6(1): 9 (2006)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis sabrinae Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 48 (2018), nom. nov.
species :
Enterosora campbellii
Baker; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2: 294 (1886)
subspecies :
subsp. campbellii
Distribution: Jamaica; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana?; French Guiana?; Brazil (Amazonas)
81 JAM 82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Enterosora fawcettii Jenman; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 18: 62 (1895)
= Enterosora integra Lellinger & C.V.Morton; Acta Bot. Venez. 2: 123 (1967)
= Glyphotaenium campbellii (Baker) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 212 (1947)
= Glyphotaenium integrum (Lellinger & C.V.Morton) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 57 (1984)
= Grammitis campbellii (Baker) Proctor; Ferns Jamaica 567 (1985)
= Grammitis fawcettii (Jenman) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 43 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. spongiosa
(Maxon) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17(3): 35 1 (1992)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Enterosora spongiosa Maxon; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 113 (1939)
= Glyphotaenium spongiosum (Maxon) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 212 (1947)
= Grammitis spongiosa (Maxon) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 49 (2018)
species :
Enterosora cornuta
(Lellinger) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis cornuta Lellinger; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 98(2): 381 (1985)
= Zygophlebia cornuta (Lellinger) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79: 112 (1989)
species :
Enterosora devoluta
(Baker) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Tanzania; Madagascar (Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara)
25 TAN 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris devoluta (Baker) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 445 (1959)
= Grammitis devoluta (Baker) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 43 (2018)
= Polypodium devolutum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 419 (1876)
= Zygophlebia devoluta (Baker) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 432 (2002)
species :
Enterosora dudleyi
(L.E.Bishop) A.R.Sm. & M.Kessler; Phytotaxa 630(3): 197 (2023)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophlebia dudleyi L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79(3): 113 (1989)
= Grammitis dudleyi (L.E.Bishop) Stolze; Fieldiana, Bot. 32: 92 (1993)
species :
Enterosora ecostata
(Sodiro) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17: 348 (1992)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Colombia (Chocó, Valle); Ecuador
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS NIC 81 CUB HIS JAM 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris crispata (L.) J.Sm.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 227, t. 48 (1854) (excluded name, see L. E. Bishop & A. R. Sm. (1992))
= Glyphotaenium crispatum (J.Sm.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 188 (1875)
= Glyphotaenium harrisii (Jenman) Proctor; Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 31 (1953)
= Glyphotaenium nesioticum (Maxon) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 57 (1984)
= Goniopteris crispata (J.Sm.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 72 (1857)
= Grammitis crispata (J.Sm.) C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 100 (1967)
= Grammitis ecostata (Sodiro) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 43 (2018)
= Grammitis harrisii (Jenman) A.R.Sm.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, 40: 230 (1975)
= Grammitis nesiotica (Maxon) Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 80: 127 (1952)
= Polypodium crispatum (J.Sm.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 1 (1863) (non L. (1753))
= Polypodium ecostatum Sodiro; Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 308 (1893)
= Polypodium goniopteroides C.Chr.; Index Filic. 188 (1905)
= Polypodium harrisii Jenman; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 27: 241 (1900)
= Polypodium nesioticum Maxon; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 47: 410, t. 57 (1905)
species :
Enterosora eminens
(C.V.Morton) Parris & Sundue; Phytotaxa 708(3): 296 (2025)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophlebia eminens (C.V.Morton) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79(3): 113 (1989)
= Grammitis eminens C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 99, t. 2 (1967)
species :
Enterosora enterosoroides
(Christ) A.Rojas; Lankesteriana 6(1): 11 (2006)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis enterosoroides (Christ) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 43 (2018)
= Polypodium enterosoroides Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 260 (1907)
species :
Enterosora forsythiana
(Baker) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris forsythiana (Baker) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 445 (1959)
= Grammitis forsythiana (Baker) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 44 (2018)
= Polypodium forsythianum Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 300 (1897)
= Zygophlebia forsythiana (Baker) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 432 (2002)
species :
Enterosora goodmanii
(Rakotondr.) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis goodmanii (Rakotondr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 44 (2018)
= Zygophlebia goodmanii Rakotondr.; Taxon 55(1): 145 (2006)
species :
Enterosora humbertii
(C.Chr.) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris humbertii (C.Chr.) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 445 (1959)
= Grammitis humbertii (C.Chr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 44 (2018)
= Polypodium humbertii C.Chr.; Arch. Bot. Bull. Mens. 2: 215 (1928), Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 155, t. 58, f. 1-2 (1932)
= Zygophlebia humbertii (C.Chr.) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 433 (2002)
species :
Enterosora insidiosa
(Sloss.) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17(3): 356 (1992)
Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 CUB HIS JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris insidiosa (Sloss.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 28: 468 (1973)
= Glyphotaenium insidiosum (Sloss.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 57 (1984)
= Grammitis insidiosa (Sloss.) Proctor; Brit. Fern Gaz. 9: 219 (1965)
= Polypodium insidiosum Sloss.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 287, t. 23, f. 4-8 (1912)
species :
Enterosora longipilosa
(C.Chr.) Parris & Sundue; Phytotaxa 708(3): 296 (2025)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris subcrassa Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 84(4): 468 (1955 publ. 1956)
= Grammitis longipilosa (C.Chr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 46 (2018)
= Grammitis subcrassa (Copel.) C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 234 (1973)
= Polypodium longepilosum C.Chr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 25: 78 (1902)
= Polypodium luederswaldii Rosenst. ex Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 84: 468. (1955), nom. nud.
= Polypodium villosum Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 2: 54 (1873), nom. illeg., non L. (1753) nec H. Karst. (1869)
= Zygophlebia longepilosa (C.Chr.) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79: 109 (1989)
species :
Enterosora major
(Reimers) Parris & Sundue; Phytotaxa 708(3): 297 (2025)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis euterpe Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 43 (2018), nom. nov.
= Polypodium villosissimum var. majus Reimann; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11(109): 937 (1933)
= Zygophlebia major (Reimers) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 433 (2002)
species :
Enterosora mathewsii
(Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Putumayo, Risaralda); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
80 COS PAN 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Goniophlebium villeminianum Fée; Mém. Foug. 7 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 63, t. 27 (1857)
= Grammitis mathewsii (Kunze ex Mett.) C.V.Morton; Amer. Fern J. 60: 66 (1970)
= Polypodium mathewsii Kunze ex Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2(1) [Polypodium]: 74 (1856)
= Zygophlebia mathewsii (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79: 108 (1989)
species :
Enterosora percrassa
(Baker) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17: 352 (1992)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Glyphotaenium percrassum (Baker) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 212 (1947)
= Grammitis percrassa (Baker) F.Seym.; Phytologia 31: 172 (1975)
= Polypodium percrassum Baker; J. Bot. 25: 26 (1887)
species :
Enterosora rouxii
(Rakotondr. & Parris) Parris & Sundue; Phytotaxa 708(3): 297 (2025)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophlebia rouxii Rakotondr. & Parris; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 40(2): 158 (2018)
species :
Enterosora sectifrons
(Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; St. Kitts; Guadeloupe; Colombia (Antioquia); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Ecuador
80 COS PAN 81 GDL HIS JAM PUE STK 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Drynaria elastica Fée; Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Antil.): 72, t. 20, f. 2 (1866) (non Polypodium elasticum Bory (1810))
= Grammitis sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) F.Seym.; Phytologia 31(2): 180. (1975)
= Polypodium angustum var. sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) Kuhn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 132 (1897)
= Polypodium petrifolium Jenman; Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica 4: 139 (1897)
= Polypodium sectifrons Kunze ex Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2(2) [Pheg. u. Asp.]: 99, no. 181 (1857)
= Zygophlebia sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79: 110 (1989)
species :
Enterosora sinuata
Rakotondr. & Parris; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 40(2): 148 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Enterosora subpinnata
(Baker) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis subpinnata (Baker) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 49 (2018)
= Polypodium subpinnatum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 419 (1876)
= Xiphopteris villosissima subsp. subpinnata (Baker) Schelpe; Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 8 (1969)
= Zygophlebia subpinnata (Baker) L.E.Bishop ex Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 433 (2002)
species :
Enterosora torulosa
(Baker) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar; La Réunion
29 MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris torulosa (Baker) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 445 (1959)
= Grammitis torulosa (Baker) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 50 (2018)
= Polypodium torulosum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 204 (1877)
= Zygophlebia torulosa (Baker) Parris; Kew Bull. 57(2): 433 (2002)
species :
Enterosora trichosora
(Hook.) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17: 357 (1992)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil (Amazonas)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris trichosora (Hook.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 184 (1875)
= Grammitis minuscula (Maxon) Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 80: 128, f. 11, t. 3 (1952)
= Grammitis trichosora (Hook.) C.V.Morton; Phytologia 22: 81 (1971)
= Grammitis trichosora (Hook.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 241 (1941)
= Polypodium minusculum Maxon; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 11 (1909)
= Polypodium repletum Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 260 (1907)
= Polypodium trichosorum Hook.; Sec. Cent. Ferns, t. 12 (1861)
species :
Enterosora trifurcata
(L.) L.E.Bishop; Syst. Bot. 17: 353 (1992)
Distribution: Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; St. Kitts; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Vincent; Grenada; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Putumayo, Risaralda); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Tachira, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
80 COS GUA PAN 81 CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE STK STV 82 CLM GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris trifurcata (L.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 28: 469 (1973)
= Glyphotaenium trifurcatum (L.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 75(1): 31 (1985)
= Goniopteris trifurcata (L.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 72 (1857)
= Grammitis trifurcata (L.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 211 (1947)
= Polypodium comptonioides Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 231 (1827)
= Polypodium rotundato-crenatum Sieber; Exsicc. (Fl. Mixta) no. 367 (1827)
= Polypodium scolopendrioides Hook. & Grev.; Icon. Filic. t. 42 (1828) (non L. (1753))
= Polypodium trifurcatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1084 (1753)
= Polypodium trifurcatum var. brevipes Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(4): 500 (1904)
species :
Enterosora uluguruensis
(Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 40(2): 160 (2018)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Grammitis uluguruensis (Reimers) Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 80: 135 (1952)
= Polypodium uluguruense Reimers; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 932 (1933)
species :
Enterosora villosissima
(Hook.) Shalisko & Sundue; Phytotaxa 394(3): 190 (2019)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Tanzania; Malawi; Madagascar; Mauritius
22 GUI IVO LBR SIE 23 BIO CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW 29 MAU MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenopteris villosissima (Hook.) Harley; Contr. Gray Herb. 177: 92 (1955)
= Grammitis villosissima (Hook.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 241 (1941)
= Grammitis villosissima (Hook.) J.E.Burrows; Kirkia 14(1): 89 (1993), isonym
= Polypodium villosissimum Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 4: 197 (1862)
= Xiphopteris villosissima (Hook.) Alston; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 30: 27 (1956)
= Xiphopteris villosissima var. laticellulata Benl; Nova Hedwigia 27(1/2): 152 (1976)
= Zygophlebia villosissima (Hook.) L.E.Bishop; Amer. Fern J. 79(3): 117. (1989)
