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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.5922 Genus Erithalis P.Browne; Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 165 (1756)
Distribution: Florida (1), Caribbean, trop. America
Species listed in database: 9
= Herrera Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 158 (1763)
species :
Erithalis angustifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 465 (1830)
Distribution: Cuba; Martinique; St. Vincent
81 CUB MAR STV
Synonyms: hidden
= Chiococca pulcherrima Wernham; J. Bot. 51: 322 (1913)
= Erithalis acuminata Krug & Urb.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 319 (1897)
= Erithalis angustifolia Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 336 (1861)
species :
Erithalis diffusa Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 47 (1977)
Distribution: Bahamas (Crooked and Acklins Isl., San Salvador Isl.)
81 BAH
species :
Erithalis fruticosa L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 930 (1759)
Name: Parrot Apple (Trinidad & Tobago); Cuaba prieta, Cuabilla, Hayajabito, Jayajabico, Rompe machete, Tarro de chivo, Vibona, Yayajabito, Yayajabico (Cuba), Bois chandelle, Bois flambeau, Candlewood (Lesser Antilles), Jayabico, Tea (Puerto Rico), Black torch (Virgin Isl.)
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatán); Belize; Honduras; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Barbados; Tobago; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; San Andrés y Providencia (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Dependencias Federales, Falcón, Nueva Esparta); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ HON 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BON CAY CUB CUR GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS NAV PUE STL STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erithalis elliptica Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 123 (1838)
= Erithalis fruticosa var. inodora (Jacq.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 200 (1805)
= Erithalis harrisii var. angusta S.Moore ex Rendle; J. Bot. 73: 279 (1935)
= Erithalis inodora Jacq.; Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 73 (1763)
= Erithalis parviflora Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 134 (1866)
= Erithalis procumbens Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 123 (1838)
= Erithalis revoluta Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 3: 379 (1903)
= Psathura obovata Tussac; Fl. Antill. 2: 78 (1822)
species :
Erithalis harrisii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 514 (1908)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: near threatened (IUCN)
species :
Erithalis odorifera Jacq.; Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 72 (1763)
Name: Bois chandelle, Bois flambeau (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas); St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Venezuela (Dependencias Federales, Falcón, Nueva Esparta)
81 ABA BAH BBD CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR PUE STE STK STL STV VIR 82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Erithalis fruticosa subsp. odorifera (Jacq.) Steyerm.; Fl. Venez. 9: 869 (1974)
= Erithalis fruticosa var. odorifera (Jacq.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 336 (1861)
= Erithalis odorata Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 123 (1838)
= Erithalis rotundata Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8(2): 507 (1863)
species :
Erithalis orbiculata (Proctor) A.R.Franck, P.A.Lewis & Oberli; Phytotaxa 297(3): 278 (2017)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: IUCN CR
Synonyms: hidden
= Exostema orbiculatum Proctor; J. Arnold Arbor. 63: 303 (1982)
species :
Erithalis quadrangularis Krug & Urb.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 320 (1897)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
species :
Erithalis salmeoides Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 49 (1977)
Distribution: Bahamas (Inagua Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic
81 BAH CUB HIS JAM TCI
species :
Erithalis vacciniifolia (Griseb.) Wright; Fl. Cub. [Sauvalle] 6: 126 (1869)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba; Dominican Republic
81 BAH CUB HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chione vacciniifolia Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 133 (1866)
= Erithalis fruticosa subsp. vacciniifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi & O.Muñiz; Bot. Közlem. 58: 177 (1971)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life