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269.0000 Family Burseraceae Kunth; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 346 (1824), nom. cons.
19 genera, ca. 730 spp. Phylogeny mostly following Cole (Poster, 2023)
Species listed in database: 762
= Balsameaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 36, 41 (1829)
269.0413 Genus Garuga Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 33 (1814), nomen, Pl. Coromandel 3: 5, t. 208 (1819), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 400 (1832)
Distribution: Tropical Asia
Species listed in database: 4
= Kunthia Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 30 (1818))
species :
Garuga floribunda Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 477 (1834)
Distribution: Bhutan; Thailand; Laos; peninsular Malaysia (once from Gua Jenera, Kelantan); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (N-Western Australia: Kimberley, N-Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., Savai´i, ´Upolu)
40 BHU 41 LAO THA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA NWC SAM TON VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Boswellia javanica Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 612 (1863)
= Bursera javanica (Turcz.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 5: 297 (1874)
= Bursera nitida Fern.-Vill.; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 3, Nov. App. 4(13A): 41 (1880)
= Garuga abilo (Blanco) Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 73 (1905)
= Garuga clarkii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 29 (1915)
= Garuga littoralis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 27 (1915)
= Garuga mollis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 475 (1858)
= Garuga pacifica Burkill; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 30 (1901)
= Garuga pinnata var. mollis Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 141 (1875)
= Guaiacum abilo Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 364 (1837)
= Icica abilo Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 256 (1845)
= Kunthia floribunda (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 107 (1891)
= Kunthia mollis (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 107 (1891)
= Marignia nitida Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 475 (1858)
variant :
var. gamblei (King ex W.W.Sm.) Kalkman; Blumea 7: 466 (1953)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S-Yunnan); India (Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh
36 CHI 40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Garuga gamblei King ex W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 262 (1911)
species :
Garuga forrestii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 162 (1921)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Garuga yunnanensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 212 (1936)
species :
Garuga pierrei Guillaumin; Rev. Gén. Bot. 19: 164 (1907)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 CBD THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Garuga pinnata var. pierrei (Guillaumin) Gretzoiu; Acta Fauna Fl. Universali, Ser. 2, Bot. 1(9): 6 (1936)
species :
Garuga pinnata Roxb.; [Hort. Bengal. 33 (1814), nomen] Pl. Coromandel 3: 5, t. 208 (1819)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi, Sichuan, S-Yunnan); Pakistan [I] (Karachi [I], Lahore [I]); Nepal; India (almost throughout); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Narcondum Isl., Barren Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP pak 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Garuga kenghar Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 191 (1835)
= Garuga pharhad Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 191 (1835)
= Garuga pinnata var. obtusa Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 5 (1883)
= Garuga pinnata var. sikkimensis Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 5 (1883)
= Kunthia cochinensis Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 30 (1818)
= Kunthia pinnata (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 107 (1891)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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