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251.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Wu et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 2083; hybrids: 6
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
251.2241 Genus Girardinia Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 498 (1830)
Distribution: mountains of Africa, tropical Asia to E-Asia
Species listed in database: 2
species :
Girardinia bullosa (Hochst. ex Steud.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 203 (1852), et Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4. 1: 181 (1854)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; N-Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bullosa Hochst. ex Steud.; Flora 33: 259 (1850)
species :
Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis; Kew Bull. 36: 145 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. diversifolia
Distribution: Guinea; Ivory Coast; SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, S-Shaanxi, Zhejiang); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan (Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; NW-India (throughout tropical and temperate hills); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Sagaing); Cambodia; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
22 GUI IVO NGA 23 CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 MDG 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA VIE 42 JAW LSI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Fleurya humulifolia Kunth; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1846: 11 (1847)
= Girardinia adoensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 181 (1854)
= Girardinia armata Kunth; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1846: 11 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Girardinia chingiana S.S.Chien; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 9(3): 259, f. 25 (1934)
= Girardinia condensata (Hochst. ex Steud.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 181 (1854)
= Girardinia condensata var. adoensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 173 (1903)
= Girardinia cuspidata subsp. grammata C.J.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(4): 334-335 (1982)
= Girardinia diversifolia subsp. ciliata (C.J.Chen) H.W.Li; Fl. Yunnan. 7: 193 (1997)
= Girardinia erosa Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 151 (1844)
= Girardinia erosa var. occidentalis Leandri; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 6, 7-8: 31 (1950)
= Girardinia formosana Hayata ex Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 3-4 (1925)
= Girardinia furialis Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 159 (1857)
= Girardinia heterophylla (Vahl) Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 151, f. 153 (1844)
= Girardinia heterophylla subsp. adoensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XX (1969)
= Girardinia heterophylla var. palmata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 551 (1888)
= Girardinia heterophylla var. zeylanica (Decne.) Hook.fil; , Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 551 (1888)
= Girardinia hibiscifolia Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 31 (1851)
= Girardinia javanica Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 181 (1854)
= Girardinia leschenaultiana Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 152 (1844)
= Girardinia longispica Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 2(11): 133-134 (1932)
= Girardinia longispica subsp. conferta C.J.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(4): 333-334 (1982)
= Girardinia palmata (Forssk.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 498 (1830) (nom. illeg. non Urtica palmata Forssk. (1775))
= Girardinia palmata Gaudich. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 158 (1855), nom. illeg., non Urtica palmata Forssk., nom. illeg. superfl., non (Forssk.) Gaudich., 1826
= Girardinia palmata subsp. ciliata C.J.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(4): 332-333 (1982)
= Girardinia suborbiculata subsp. grammata (C.J.Chen) C.J.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(5): 477 (1992)
= Girardinia vahlii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 158 (1857)
= Girardinia vitifolia Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 10: 80 (1887 publ. 1888), nom. illeg.
= Girardinia vitifolia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 181 (1854)
= Girardinia zeylanica Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 152 (1844)
= Urera palmata Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 497 (1830)
= Urera palmata Gaudich. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1150 (1895), pro syn.
= Urtica acerifolia Zenker; Pl. Ind. 1: t. 3-4 (1836)
= Urtica adoensis Hochst. ex Steud.; Flora 33: 259 (1850)
= Urtica armata Kunth ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 101 (1869)
= Urtica buraei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: cxliv (1907)
= Urtica condensata Hochst. ex Steud.; Flora 33: 260 (1850)
= Urtica diversifolia Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 385 (1822), non Blume 1825
= Urtica ferocissima Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 363 (1826)
= Urtica girardinia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 734 (1841), nomen
= Urtica heterophylla Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 76 (1790), nom. superfl.
= Urtica heterophylla Wall. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 59 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Urtica horrida Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 385 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Urtica incisa B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4603 (1831), nomen
= Urtica linkiana Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 832 (1841)
= Urtica lobatifolia S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 6(4): 169, t. 3 (1972)
= Urtica palmata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 159 (1775)
= Urtica pinnatifida F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 9: 367 (1823)
subspecies :
subsp. suborbiculata (C.J.Chen) C.J.Chen & Friis; Fl. China 5: 91 (2003)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, W-Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, E-Nei Mongol, S-Shaanxi); North Korea; India (Uttarakhand, Garhwal)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Girardinia septentrionalis Grudz.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72: 960 (1987)
= Girardinia suborbiculata C.J.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(5): 476-477 (1992)
subspecies :
subsp. triloba (C.J.Chen) C.J.Chen & Friis; Fl. China 5: 91 (2003)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, NW-Hunan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Girardinia cuspidata subsp. triloba C.J.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(4): 334 (1982)
= Girardinia suborbiculata subsp. triloba (C.J.Chen) C.J.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(5): 477 (1992)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.11 (Nov. 11th, 2025)

Covering 357,753 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,578* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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