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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.5613 Genus Guettardella Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 197 (1852)
Distribution: trop. Asia, Malesia, Australia, Oceania eastward to Samoa Isl.
Species listed in database: 31
= Antirhea subgen.Guettardella (Champ. ex Benth.) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 69 (1992)
= Sturmia G.Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 3: t. 192, f. 3 (1805)
species :
Guettardella affinis (Zoll.) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: +Lesser Sunda Isl. (+Flores)
42 LSI
Remarks: last collected in 1847
Synonyms: hidden
= Eriosolena affinis Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 116 (1854)
= Antirhea affinis (Zoll.) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 72 (1992)
species :
Guettardella atropurpurea (Craib) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 571 (1984)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Kedah, Penang, Perak)
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea atropurpurea (Craib) Chaw; Kew Bull. 43(3): 493 (1988) ex K. M. Wong
= Timonius atropurpureus Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 132 (1932)
species :
Guettardella attenuata (Elmer) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea attenuata (Elmer) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 75 (1992)
= Timonius attenuatus Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 34 (1906)
species :
Guettardella benguetensis (Elmer) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea benguetensis (Elmer) Valeton; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 26: 32 (1909)
= Timonius benguetensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 35 (1906)
species :
Guettardella bombysia (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea bombysia Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 78 (1992)
species :
Guettardella buruana (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: Moluccas (Buru)
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea buruana Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 79 (1992)
species :
Guettardella caudata M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 572 (1984)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea caudata (M.E.Jansen) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 80 (1992)
species :
Guettardella chinensis Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 197 (1852)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Fujian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(156): 384 (1888)
= Antirhea chinensis Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 407 (1910)
species :
Guettardella edanoi (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 98 (2021)
Distribution: Moluccas (Sula Arch.)
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea edanoi Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 83 (1992)
species :
Guettardella foveolata (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 98 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea foveolata Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 85 (1992)
species :
Guettardella hexasperma (Roxb.) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 575 (1984)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah); Sulawesi; Moluccas
42 BOR MOL SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea hexasperma (Roxb.) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 540 (1923)
= Antirhea hirsutiuscula (Teijsm. & Binn.) Valeton; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 26: 31 (1909)
= Bobea hexasperma (Roxb.) Valeton; Bull. Dept. Agric. Indes Néerl. No. 26, 7 (1909)
= Bobea hirsutiuscula Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 29: 247 (1867)
= Eupyrena hexasperma (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 488 (1843)
= Guettardella obscura M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 580 (1984)
= Pyrostria hexasperma Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 83 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 403 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 388 (1832)
species :
Guettardella inaequalis (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 98 (2021)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea inaequalis Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 89 (1992)
species :
Guettardella inconspicua (Seem.) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 576 (1984)
Distribution: Vanuatu; Tonga (´Eua); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna; [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu)
60 FIJ SAM TON VAN WAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea inconspicua (Seem.) Christoph.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 128, 202 (1935)
= Guettarda inconspicua Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 131 (1866)
species :
Guettardella ioensis (Baill.) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 98 (2021)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea ioensis (Baill.) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 93 (1992)
= Guettarda ioensis Baill.; Adansonia 12: 242 (1879)
species :
Guettardella livida (Elmer) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 576 (1984)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea livida Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1327 (1912)
species :
Guettardella microphylla (DC.) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 577 (1984)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea microphylla Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 540 (1923)
= Guettarda microphylla Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 457 (1830)
species :
Guettardella multiflora M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 578 (1984)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Louisiade Arch.)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea multiflora (Jansen) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 97 (1992)
species :
Guettardella myrtoides (F.Muell.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea myrtoides (F.Muell.) F.M.Bailey; Queensl. Fl. 3: 760 (1900)
= Bobea myrtoides (F.Muell.) Valeton; Bull. Dept. Agric. Indes Néerl. No. 26, 7 (1909)
= Guettarda myrtoides F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 184 (1875)
= Matthiola myrtoides (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 288 (1891)
species :
Guettardella ovatifolia M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29(2): 582 (1984)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea ovatifolia (Jansen) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 98 (1992)
species :
Guettardella paxillata (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea paxillata Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 100 (1992)
species :
Guettardella philippinensis Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 197 (1852)
Distribution: Philippines (Bohol)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea philippinensis (Benth.) Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 312 (1886)
species :
Guettardella putaminosa (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 419 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea putaminosa (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 183 (1875), ex F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. 3: 760 (1900)
= Bobea putaminosa F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 92 (1864), pro syn.
= Guettarda putaminosa (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 183 (1875)
= Matthiola putaminosa (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 288 (1891)
= Timonius putaminosus F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 92 (1864)
species :
Guettardella ramosii (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea ramosii Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 103 (1992)
species :
Guettardella rhamnoides (Baill.) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea rhamnoides (Baill.) Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 105 (1992)
= Guettarda rhamnoides Baill.; Adansonia 12: 241 (1879)
species :
Guettardella sphaerocarpa (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea sphaerocarpa Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 106 (1992)
species :
Guettardella strigosa (Korth.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea strigosa Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 217 (1851)
species :
Guettardella surigaoensis (Salamanes & Alejandro) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea surigaoensis Salamanes & Alejandro; Acta Bot. Gallica Bot. Lett. 162(3): 153 (2015)
species :
Guettardella talaudensis (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea talaudensis Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 107 (1992)
species :
Guettardella tayabensis (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 99 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea tayabensis Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 109 (1992)
species :
Guettardella tenuiflora (F.Muell. ex Benth.) M.E.Jansen; Blumea 29: 586 (1984)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland)
42 NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea tenuiflora F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 418 (1867)
= Antirrhoea tenuifolia B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 155 (1893), orth. var.
= Guettarda tenuiflora (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 183 (1875)
= Matthiola tenuiflora (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 288 (1891)
species :
Guettardella ternata (Chaw) J.G.Chavez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197(1): 100 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Siargao)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirhea ternata Chaw; Tulane Stud. Zool. & Bot. 28(2): 113 (1992)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life