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283.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5575; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
283.1109 Genus Heliocarpus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 448 (1753)
Distribution: mostly Mexico, 1 (very polymorphic) widespread in tropical America
Species listed in database: 12
= Montia Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754), nom. illeg.
species :
Heliocarpus americanus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 448 (1753)
Distribution: Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Martinique [I]; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán)
63 haw 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 mar TRT 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus americanus var. popayanensis (Kunth) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 142 (1886)
= Heliocarpus americanus var. schumannii Baker f.; J. Bot. 36: 131 (1898)
= Heliocarpus australis E.Watson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 124 (1923)
= Heliocarpus boliviensis Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 118 (1914)
= Heliocarpus costaricensis Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 349 (1923)
= Heliocarpus cuspidatus Lundell; Phytologia 2: 2 (1941)
= Heliocarpus diclinus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 117 (1914)
= Heliocarpus floribundus Lundell; Phytologia 2: 2 (1941)
= Heliocarpus gentlei Lundell; Phytologia 2: 3 (1941)
= Heliocarpus horridus Lundell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 597 (1939)
= Heliocarpus nelsonii Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 128 (1897)
= Heliocarpus oblongifolius Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 573 (1863)
= Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 341 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Heliocarpus popayanensis var. grandifolius Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 116 (1914)
= Heliocarpus popayanensis var. purdiei Baker f.; J. Bot. 36: 132 (1898)
= Heliocarpus popayanensis var. schumannii Baker f.; J. Bot. 36: 132 (1898)
= Heliocarpus popayanensis var. trichopodus (Turcz.) Baker f.; J. Bot. 36: 132 (1898)
= Heliocarpus rosei Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 119 (1914)
= Heliocarpus rudis E.Watson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 126 (1923)
= Heliocarpus stipulatus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 121 (1914)
= Heliocarpus subtrilobus Sprague; J. Bot. 61: 257 (1923)
= Heliocarpus tomentosus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 225 (1858)
= Heliocarpus trichopodus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 226 (1858)
= Heliocarpus viridis E.Watson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 120 (1923)
species :
Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 226 (1858)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus chontalensis Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 350 (1923)
species :
Heliocarpus attenuatus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 420 (1886)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Remarks: sometimes included in H. americanus
species :
Heliocarpus donnellsmithii Rose ex Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 31: 110 (1901)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus caeciliae Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 227 (1913)
species :
Heliocarpus mexicanus (Turcz.) Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 278 (1921)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenodiscus mexicanus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 19(2): 504 (1846)
= Heliocarpus belizensis Lundell; Phytologia 2: 2 (1941)
= Heliocarpus glabrescens Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18/19: 122 (1914)
= Heliocarpus glandulifer B.L.Rob. ex Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 127 (1897)
= Heliocarpus yucatanensis Millsp.
species :
Heliocarpus nodiflorus (Donn.Sm.) Donn.Sm. & Rose ex Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 126 (1897)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, etc.); Guatemala; Belize; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus polyandrus var. nodiflorus Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 23: 240 (1897)
= Heliocarpus excelsior C.V.Morton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 307 (1937)
species :
Heliocarpus occidentalis Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 127 (1897)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus laevis Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 317 (1905)
species :
Heliocarpus pallidus Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 128 (1897)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Heliocarpus palmeri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 420 (1886)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliocarpus polyandrus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 420 (1886)
= Heliocarpus glaber Brandegee; Zoë 5: 209 (1905)
species :
Heliocarpus parvimontis Gual; Revista Mex. Biodivers. 80(2): 284 (2009)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Heliocarpus terebinthinaceus (DC.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18: 125 (1914)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Grewia terebinthinacea DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 114 (1813)
= Heliocarpus microcarpus Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 316 (1905)
= Heliocarpus reticulatus Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 128 (1897)
species :
Heliocarpus velutinus Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 317 (1905)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life