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088.0000 Family Hernandiaceae Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 550 (1826), nom. cons.
5 genera, 70 spp.
Species listed in database: 70
= Gyrocarpaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 13, 14 (1829)
= Illigeraceae Blume; Nov. Pl. Expos. 12 (1833)
088.2001 Genus Hernandia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 981 (1753)
Distribution: pantropical, mostly indo-pacific
Species listed in database: 25
= Biassolettia Endl.; Gen. Pl. [Endlicher] 1004 (1840)
= Hazomalania Capuron; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 375-384, pl. 1 (1966)
= Hernandezia Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 1: 219 (1824)
= Hernandiopsis Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 264 (1864)
= Hertelia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 345 (1790)
= Valvanthera C.T.White; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 47: 76 (1935 publ. 1936)
species :
Hernandia albiflora (C.T.White) Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 126 (1969)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Queensland: between Cape Tribulation and Innisfail)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Valvanthera albiflora C.T.White; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 47: 76 (1935 publ. 1936)
species :
Hernandia beninensis Welw. ex Henriq.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 155 (1892)
Distribution: Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé
23 BIO SAO
Remarks: not in Benin despite epithet
species :
Hernandia bivalvis Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 314 (1870)
Distribution: Australia (E-Queensland: Proserpine S to Tamborine Mtn)
50 AUS
species :
Hernandia catalpifolia Britton & Harris; Torreya 11: 174 (1911)
Name: Water mahoe, Water wood (Jamaica)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Hernandia cordigera Vieill.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 16: 62 (1861)
Distribution: New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl.)
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Aralia heteromorpha Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 18: 29 (1861)
= Aralia triloba W.Bull ex W.Richards; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 20: 309 (1896), nom. illeg.
= Hernandiopsis vieillardii Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 264 (1864), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Hernandia cubensis Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 188 (1861)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and IUCN CR
species :
Hernandia didymantha Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 31: 120 (1901)
Distribution: S-Mexico; ?Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó); Ecuador
79 MEX 80 COS HON PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia hammelii D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(1): 224 (1981)
species :
Hernandia drakeana Nadeaud; J. Bot. [Morot] 4 (1899)
Distribution: +Society Isl. (+Moorea)
61 SCI
Remarks: last seen in 1997
species :
Hernandia guianensis Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 848 (1775)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Monagas, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia ovigera Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 123 (1789) non L.
species :
Hernandia jamaicensis Britton & Harris; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 338 (1908)
Name: Pumpkin wood, Suck axe (Jamaica)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: near threatened (IUCN)
species :
Hernandia labyrinthica Tuyama; Bull. Singenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1: 1 (1943)
Distribution: Solomon Isl.; Northern Marianas (Rota Isl.); Guam
43 SOL 62 GUM MRN
species :
Hernandia lychnifera Grayum & N.Zamora; Novon 1(1): 17 (1991)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Hernandia mascarenensis (Meisn.) Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 142 (1969)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion
29 MAU REU
Conservation Status: very rare, highly endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia ovigera var. mascarenensis Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 263 (1864)
species :
Hernandia moerenhoutiana Guillaumin; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 189 (1837)
subspecies :
subsp. moerenhoutiana
Distribution: Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke, Mitiaro); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Mehetia, Moorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora)
61 COO SCI
Remarks: the distribution of the various subspecies is somewhat confused
subspecies :
subsp. campanulata Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 128 (1969)
Distribution: American Samoa (Tutuila, Ta´u); Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Nomuka, Vava´u); Niue [I]; Fiji
60 ASA FIJ nue TON
subspecies :
subsp. elliptica H.St.John; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 447 (1983)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Tubuai, Raivavae)
61 AUI
subspecies :
subsp. samoensis (Hochr.) Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 129 (1969)
Distribution: Bismarck Arch. (New Britain, Manus Isl.); Solomon Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl.); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Tonga
43 BIS SOL 60 ROT SAM SCZ TON VAN WAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia samoensis Hochr.; Candollea 2: 366 (1925)
species :
Hernandia nukuhivensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 86 (1935)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva)
61 MRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia nukuhivensis f. acuminata F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 88 (1935)
= Hernandia nukuhivensis f. obtusifolia F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 88 (1935)
species :
Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 90: 272 (1970)
Distribution: Kenya; NE-Tanzania; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; Îles Glorieuses; Aldabra (Astove Isl., Farquhar Isl.); Seychelles (incl. Remire Isl., Desroches Isl., Coetivy Isl., Darros Isl.); Agalega Isl.; Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); China (Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Ogasawara Isl. (Keetaajima, Nakohdojima, Chichijima, Anijima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima); S-Taiwan; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Thailand (peninsular Thailand); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Kedah, Terengganu, Perak, Johor); +Singapore; South China Sea Isl.; Sulawesi; S-Philippines; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (NE-Northern Territory, N-Queensland); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl.); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (´Eua); Niue; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u, Swains Atoll); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., ´Upolu, Savai´i, etc.); Tuvalu (Nanumea, Nanumaga, Niutao, Nui Atoll, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, Nukulaelae, Niulakita); Tokelau (Swains Isl., Nukunonu, Fakaofo, Atafu); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Abaiang, Tarawa, Tabiteuea, Onotoa); N-Line Isl. (Teraina); Cook Isl. (all islands, incl. Rarotonga); Society Isl. (Mopelia Atoll, Tetiaroa Atoll, Tupai, Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa); Pitcairn Isl.; Palau (Kayangel, Babeldaob, Koror, Urukthapel, Ngeanges, Peleliu, Angaur, Sonsorol, Tobi); Northern Marianas (Maug, Agrihan, Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Eauripik, Woleai, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Satawal, Namonuito, Nomwin, Truk, Moen, Udot, Piis, Nama, Namoluk, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Ant, Pohnpei, Mokil, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Bikini, Ujelang, Lae, Kwajalein, Likiep, Ailinglapalap, Majuro, Arno, Jaluit, Ebon)
25 KEN TAN 29 AGA ALD CGS COM IGL MAU MDG SEY 36 CHI 38 KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 LDV MDV SRL 41 AND CBD NCB THA VIE 42 CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NUE NWC ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON TUV VAN WAL 61 COO LIN PIT SCI 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Biasolettia nymphaeifolia C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 2: 141 (1835)
= Hernandia peltata Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 263 (1864)
= Hernandia peltata var. cordata Hochr.; Candollea 2: 365 (1925)
= Hernandia sonora Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 887 (1856) non L.
= Hernandia sonora var. nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Fosberg; Micronesica 23(2): 142 (1990)
= Hernandia vitiensis Seem. ex Pax; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 3(2): 129 (1889)
= Sassafras mauritianum Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 273 (1837)
species :
Hernandia obovata O.C.Schmidt; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 164 (1929)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
species :
Hernandia olivacea Gillespie; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 91: 9 (1932)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Hernandia ovigera L.; Herb. Amboin. [Linnaeus] 14 (1754)
subspecies :
subsp. ovigera
Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (rare); Myanmar (Taninthayi); Sumatera (Simeulue Isl., Enggano Isl.); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Moluccas (Bacan, Sula Arch.); Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u, Niuatoputapu); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl.)
41 MYA NCB 42 JAW LSI MOL PHI SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 60 SCZ TON 61 TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia javanica Tuyama; Bull. Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1: 44 (1943)
= Hernandia papuana C.T.White; J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 216 (1929)
= Hernandia sonora Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 117 (1854) non L.
subspecies :
subsp. stokesii (F.Br.) J.Florence; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 21(1): 48 (1999)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti); Henderson Isl.; Pitcairn Isl.
61 AUI HEN PIT
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandia ovigera var. stokesii F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 170: 89 (1935)
= Hernandia stokesii (F.Br.) Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 141 (1969)
= Hernandia tahitensis J.W.Moore; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 16: 3 (1940)
species :
Hernandia rostrata Kubitzki; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 89: 134 (1969)
Distribution: Solomon Isl.
43 SOL
species :
Hernandia sonora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 981 (1753)
Name: Foforite, Fro-Fro, Toforite, Toporit (Trinidad & Tobago); Mago, Toporite
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Mexico (Nayarit, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz); Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Vincent; Barbados; Trinidad [I]
42 lsi 79 MEX 81 BBD CUB GDL HIS MAR MTS PUE STV trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Hernandezia sonora (L.) Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 219 (1824)
= Hernandia peltata Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 213 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Hernandia sonora var. guadeloupensis Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 264 (1864)
species :
Hernandia stenura Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1553 (1938)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Valle)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM
species :
Hernandia temarii Nadeaud; J. Bot. [Morot] 114 (1897)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Hernandia voyronii Jum.; Agron. Colon. 6(38): 41 (1921)
Distribution: W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hazomalania voyronii (Jum.) Capuron; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 377 (1966)
species :
Hernandia wendtii Espejo; Fl. Veracruz 67: 14 (1992)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala; ?Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA PAN
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life