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465.0000 Family Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3901; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.8403 Genus Ligusticum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 250 (1753)
Distribution: In strict sense only 1 holarctic species. All other species still listed here need transfer in other genera.
Species listed in database: 22
= Arpitium Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 168 (1790)
= Devillea Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 380 (1900)
= Gaya Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 389 (1828)
= Haloscias Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 180 (1846)
= Hipposelinum Britton & Rose; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 634 (1913)
= Ligosticon St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 129 (1880)
= Magdaris Raf.; Good Book 58 (1840)
= Neogaya Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner] 144 (1837)
= Sagapenon Raf.; Good Book 58 (1840)
= Tropentis Raf.; Good Book 59 (1840)
species :
Ligusticum afghanicum Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 94 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
34 AFG 40 IND PAK
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Cortia schmidii Nasir; Fl. W. Pakistan 20: 115 (1972)
= Ligusticum schmidii (Nasir) Farille & S.B.Malla; Candollea 40(2): 551 (1985)
= Lomatocarpa afghanica (Rech.f.) Pimenov; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 20 (1995)
species :
Ligusticum calderi Mathias & Constance; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86: 374 (1959)
Name: Calder´s licorice-root
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia)
70 ASK 71 CDN
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum californicum J.M.Coult. & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7: 132 (1900)
Name: California licorice-root
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 240 (1894)
Name: Canadian licorice-root
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: placed by molecular results outside of Ligusticum, close to Meeboldia and Halosciastrum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferula canadensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 247 (1753)
species :
Ligusticum canbyi (J.M.Coult. & Rose) J.M.Coult. & Rose; Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 87 (1888)
Name: Canby´s licorice-root
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum caeruleomontanum H.St.John; Fl. S.-e. Washington [St. John] 297 (1937)
= Ligusticum leibergii J.M.Coult. & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7: 134, pl. 4 (1900)
species :
Ligusticum delavayi Franch.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 8(6): 131 (1894)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, Sichuan); S-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: placed by molecular results outside of Ligusticum, close to Pachypleurum
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium delavayi (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 110(7-8): 484 (1999)
= Pleurospermum meoides Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 493 (1900)
species :
Ligusticum filicinum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 140 (1876)
Name: Fernleaf licorice-root
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum apiifolium S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 125 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Ligusticum scopulorum Parry; Amer. Naturalist 9: 271 (1875), nom. illeg.
species :
Ligusticum goldmanii J.M.Coult. & Rose; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 1: 146 (1900)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)
79 MEX
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus. Status uncertain
species :
Ligusticum gongshanense F.T.Pu, R.Li & H.Li; Nordic J. Bot. 30(2): 181 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus. Probably in Ligusticopsis fide Pimenov (2017)
species :
Ligusticum grayi J.M.Coult. & Rose; Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 88 (1888)
Name: Gray´s licorice-root
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum tenuifolium var. dissimilis A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 53: 224 (1912)
species :
Ligusticum irramosum Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 94 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan)
34 AFG
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Seseli irramosum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Pimenov & Sdobnina; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 60(8): 1118 (1975)
species :
Ligusticum kiangsiense H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 326 (1930)
Distribution: China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum kulingense H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 314 (1930)
Distribution: China (Jiangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum littledalei Fedde ex H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(741-750): 327-328 (1930)
Distribution: C- & SE-Tibet
36 TIB
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum nepalense D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 125 (1825)
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum olympicum Novák; Acta Bot. Bohem. 8: 5 (1929)
Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Olimpos)
13 GRC
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum porteri J.M.Coult. & Rose; Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 86 (1888)
Name: Porter´s licorice-root
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: placed by molecular results outside of Ligusticum, close to Meeboldia and Halosciastrum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum brevilobum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 613 (1917)
= Ligusticum porteri var. brevilobum (Rydb.) Mathias & Constance; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 123 (1941)
species :
Ligusticum scothicum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 250 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. scothicum
Name: Schottische Mutterwurz (DE), Scots Lovage (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (Isle of Man [I], Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (N-Ireland, N-Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland [I]; N-European Russia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Greenland; Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island)
10 DEN fin FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 14 RUS 38 JAP KOR NKO 70 CDN GNL 72 CDN SPM 75 USA
Remarks: Ligusticum s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Angelica scothica (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 173 (1783)
= Apium ternatum (Mutel) Schltdl. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 431 (1820)
= Haloscias scothicum (L.) Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 180 (1845)
= Ligusticum biternatum Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 94 (1812)
= Ligusticum boreale Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 164 (1796)
= Meum scothicum (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 191 (1879)
= Petroselinum ternatum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 2: 402 (1835)
subspecies :
subsp. hultenii (Fernald) Calder & Roy L.Taylor; Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1396 (1965)
Name: Hultén´s licorice-root (EN)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia)
31 RFE 70 ASK 71 CDN
Synonyms: hidden
= Angelica hultenii (Fernald) M.Hiroe; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 29 (1949)
= Haloscias hultenii (Fernald) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 19(2): 214 (1984)
= Ligusticum hultenii Fernald; Rhodora 32: 7 (1930)
= Ligusticum scothicum var. hultenii (Fernald) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)
species :
Ligusticum tenuifolium S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 16: 293 (1879)
Name: Idaho licorice-root
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum filicinum var. tenuifolium (S.Watson) Mathias & Constance; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 123 (1941)
species :
Ligusticum verticillatum (Geyer) J.M.Coult. & Rose ex Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 5 (1895) 320, t. 12
Name: Northern licorice-root
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana)
71 CDN 73 USA
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Angelica verticillata Geyer ex Hook.; London J. Bot. 6: 233 (1847)
= Thaspium verticillatum Geyer ex Hook.; London J. Bot. 6: 233 (1847)
species :
Ligusticum yunnanense F.T.Pu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(6): 543-544, f. 10 (1991)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); S-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
species :
Ligusticum yushuense Y.T.Pan; Fl. Qinghaiica 2: 433 (1999)
Distribution: China (Qinghai)
36 CHI
Remarks: needs transfer in another genus
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.11 (Nov. 11th, 2025)

Covering 357,753 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,578* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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