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338.0000 Family Phyllanthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 369 (1820), nom. cons.
58 genera, ca. 2200 spp.
Species listed in database: 2113; hybrids: 5
= Antidesmataceae Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 534 (1830)
= Aporosaceae Lindl. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 2: 265 (1854)
= Bischofiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 252 (1965)
= Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 261 (1965)
= Porantheraceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Scepaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 171 (1836)
= Stilaginaceae C.Agardh; Aphor. Bot. 199 (1824)
= Uapacaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 270 (1965)
338.2402 Genus Margaritaria L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 66 (1782)
Distribution: tropics
Species listed in database: 13
= Calococcus Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 26: 48 (1864)
= Prosorus Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 345 (1852)
= Wurtzia Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 186 (1861)
= Zygospermum Thwaites ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 620 (1858)
species :
Margaritaria anomala (Baill.) Fosberg; Kew Bull. 33(2): 185 (1978)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; Seychelles; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.)
29 ALD COM MAU MDG SEY
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisonema eglandulosum Decne.; Herb. Timor. 154 (1834)
= Cicca anomala Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 619 (1858)
= Diasperus erythroxylodes (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 599 (1891)
= Flueggea eglandulosa Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 593 (1858)
= Flueggea major Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 593 (1858)
= Kirganelia eglandulosa Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 614 (1858), nomen
= Margaritaria anomala var. cheloniphorbe (Hutch.) Fosberg; Kew Bull. 33: 185 (1978)
= Phyllanthus anomalus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 52 (1863)
= Phyllanthus anomalus subsp. erythroxyloides (Müll.Arg.) Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 191 (1938)
= Phyllanthus cheloniphorbe Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1918: 204 (1918)
= Phyllanthus eglandulosus (Baill.) Leandri; Cat. Pl. Madag., Euphorb. 23 (1935)
= Phyllanthus erythroxyloides Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 418 (1866)
= Phyllanthus hysteranthus Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 52 (1863)
= Securinega hysterantha Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 278 (1837), nomen
species :
Margaritaria cyanosperma (Gaertn.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 20: 387 (1966)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cicca gaertneriana Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 619 (1858)
= Cicca gaertneriana Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 416 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Croton cyanospermus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 120, t. 107 (1790)
= Diasperus cyanospermus (Gaertn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 599 (1891)
= Phyllanthus cyanospermus (Gaertn.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Prosorus cyanospermus (Gaertn.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 281 (1861)
= Prosorus gaertneri Thwaites; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 8: 272 (1856)
= Zygospermum zeylanicum Thwaites ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 620, t. 27 (1858)
species :
Margaritaria decaryana (Leandri) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(4): 433 (1979)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus decaryanus Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 198 (1938)
= Phyllanthus decaryanus var. manambia Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 8: 228 (1957)
species :
Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 311 (1967)
Name: Common Pheasant-berry (EN)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB PRI SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
Synonyms: hidden
= Cicca discoidea Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 85 (1860)
= Diasperus discoideus (Baill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 599 (1891)
= Flueggea klaineana Pierre ex A.Chev., Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1: 290 (1928), in syn
= Margaritaria discoidea subsp. discoidea G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 416 (1979) (pro max. parte)
= Phyllanthus discoideus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
variant :
var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36(2): 220 (1981)
Name: Narrow-leaved Pheasant-berry
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN GAB ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Flueggea fagifolia Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 236 (1895)
variant :
var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36(2): 221 (1981)
Name: Large Pheasant-berry
Distribution: Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 BUR 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Flueggea nitida Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 76 (1894)
= Margaritaria discoidea subsp. nitida (Pax) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(4): 418 (1979) (p. p.)
= Phyllanthus amapondensis Sim; Forest Fl. Cape 325 (1907)
= Phyllanthus flacourtioides Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 48 (1915)
variant :
var. triplosphaera Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 30(4): 680 (1975 publ. 1976)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
23 BUR ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Acidoton baillonianus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 592 (1891)
= Flueggea bailloniana (Müll.Arg.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 76 (1894)
= Flueggea obovata Baill.; Adansonia 2: 41 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Margaritaria discoidea f. glabra Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 39(4): 790 (1984)
= Margaritaria obovata (Baill.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(4): 434 (1979)
= Securinega bailloniana Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 451 (1866)
species :
Margaritaria dubium-traceyi Airy Shaw & B.Hyland; Kew Bull. 31(2): 357 (1976)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Margaritaria hispidula G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(4): 432 (1979)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Margaritaria hotteana (Urb. & Ekman) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 66 (1957)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus hotteanus Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 61 (1929)
species :
Margaritaria indica (Dalzell) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 20: 387 (1966)
Distribution: China (Guangxi); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; jVietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Johor); Sumatra; Borneo; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Australia (Queensland)
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND MYA THA 42 BOR LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Bridelia berryana Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7876, 7960 (1847) (nom. inval.)
= Calococcus sundaicus Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 26: 48 (1864)
= Cicca arborea C.Wright ex Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 166 (1865)
= Diasperus berryanus (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 597 (1891)
= Diasperus indicus (Dalzell) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 599 (1891)
= Diasperus stocksii (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 601 (1891)
= Diasperus sundaicus (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 601 (1891)
= Glochidion longipedicellatum Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 178 (1933) (non Moore)
= Margaritaria indica f. vestita (J.J.Sm.) C.Barker; Kew Bull. 53(3): 755 (1998)
= Phyllanthus indicus (Dalzell) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 52 (1863)
= Phyllanthus indicus f. vestitus J.J.; Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 12: 87 (1910)
= Phyllanthus stocksii Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus sundaicus (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1272 (1866)
= Prosorus indicus Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 346 (1852)
species :
Margaritaria luzoniensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 20: 387 (1966)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllanthus luzoniensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 404 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Prosorus luzoniensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 16: 343 (1963)
species :
Margaritaria nobilis L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 66 (1781 publ. 1782)
Name: Bastard hogberry, Gonglehout, Roehout, Amortiguado
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; Saba; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Putumayo, Santander, Vichada); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Táchira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Concepcion, Guaira, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE SAB STL STM STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Bradleia sinica Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 414 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Cicca antillana A.Juss.; Euphorb. Gen. 108 (1824)
= Cicca antillana var. pedicellaris Griseb.; Pl. Wright. [Grisebach] 1: 158 (1860)
= Cicca chinensis Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 618 (1858)
= Cicca guyanensis Splitg. ex Lanj.; Euphorb. Surinam 109 (1931), et in Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4: 23 (1932), pro syn.
= Cicca pavoniana Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 618 (1858)
= Cicca sinica Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 618, t. 24, f. 28-33 (1858)
= Cicca surinamensis Miq.; Linnaea 21: 479 (1848)
= Diasperus antillanus (A.Juss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 598 (1891)
= Margaritaria adelioides Rich. ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 618 (1858) (nomen)
= Margaritaria alternifolia L.; Pl. Surin. 16 (1775), nom. inval.
= Margaritaria nobilis var. antillana (A.Juss.) Stehlé & Quentin; Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2(1): 47 (1937 publ. 1938)
= Margaritaria nobilis var. hypomalaca (Standl.) Dugand; Phytologia 13: 387 (1966)
= Phyllanthus antillanus (A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus antillanus var. concolor Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus antillanus var. hypomalacus (Standl.) Lundell; Phytologia 1: 337 (1939)
= Phyllanthus antillanus var. pedicellaris Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus heteromorphus Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 42 (1920)
= Phyllanthus ibonensis Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 281 (1927)
= Phyllanthus nobilis (L.f.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 414 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. antillanus (A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. guyanensis Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 414 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. hypomalacus Standl.; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 68 (1935)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. martii Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 70 (1873)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. panamensis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 70 (1873)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. pavonianus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. peruvianus Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 414 (1866)
= Phyllanthus nobilis var. riedelianus Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866)
= Phyllanthus pseudonobilis Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 281 (1927)
= Phyllanthus sinicus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 50 (1863)
species :
Margaritaria rhomboidalis (Baill.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(4): 428 (1979)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cicca rhomboidalis Baill.; Adansonia 2: 51 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Diasperus rhombodailis (Baill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 600 (1891)
= Phyllanthus rhomboidalis (Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 52 (1863)
= Phyllanthus rhomboidalis (Baill.) Müll.Arg. ex Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 199 (1938) (descr. ampl.)
species :
Margaritaria scandens (C.Wright ex Griseb.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 66 (1957)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba
81 BAH CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cicca antillana var. glaucescens Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 157 (1860)
= Cicca scandens C.Wright ex Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 165 (1865)
= Diasperus scandens (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 600 (1891)
= Margaritaria bahamensis (Urb.) Britton & Millsp.; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 220 (1920)
= Phyllanthus antillanus var. glaucescens (Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus bahamensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 52: 289 (1902)
= Phyllanthus scandens (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866), nom. illeg.
species :
Margaritaria tetracocca (Baill.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 66 (1957)
Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 CUB HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cicca antillana var. virens Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 158 (1860)
= Cicca virens (Griseb.) C.Wright ex Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1: 166 (1865)
= Diasperus virens (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 601 (1891)
= Phyllanthus antillanus var. virens (Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 51 (1863)
= Phyllanthus virens (Griseb.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 415 (1866)
= Wurtzia tetracocca Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 187 (1861)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life