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365.0000 Family Santalaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 350 (1810), s. str., nom. cons.
11 genera, ca. 65 spp.
Species listed in database: 69
= Canopodaceae J.Presl; Epimel. Bot. 248 (1849 publ. 1851), et in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 5(6): 608 (1851)
= Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 48 (1952)
= Eremolepideae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 1: 189 (1889)
= Eremolepidinae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 125, 137 (1897)
= Exocarpaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 317 (1858)
= Exocarpeae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 71 (1847)
= Exocarpoideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 128 (1832)
= Lepidocerataceae Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 45 (1952)
= Lepidoceratinae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 125, 137 (1897)
= Osyridaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5: 348 (1820)
= Osyrideae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 13 (1829)
= Osyridoideae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 574, 1091, 1145 (1835)
= Santaleae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 13 (1829)
= Santalinae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 681 (1856)
= Santalineae Engl.; Syllabus (ed. 2): 107 (1898)
= Santaloideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 128 (1832)
365.0009 Genus Osyris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1022 (1753)
Distribution: Mediterranean, Africa, S- and Southeast Asia north to China (1)
Species listed in database: 6
= Casia Duhamel; Traité Arbr. Arbust. [Duhamel] 1: 131 (1755)
= Colpoon P.J.Bergius; Descr. Pl. Cap. 38 (1767)
= Fusanus L.; Syst. Veg., ed. 13 [J.A.Murray] 765 (1774)
= Hamiltonia Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 298 (1838)
species :
Osyris alba L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1022 (1753)
Name: Honigduftender Rutenstrauch (DE); White Osyris (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands of mainland, incl. many islands); Crete (widespread); Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Karpathos, Simi, Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA SIC SLV SMA TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Osyris lanceolata var. moroderorum Pau & Sennen Exsicc.(Pl.Esp.): no.1151, nom.nud.
= Osyris mediterranea Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 124 (1897)
species :
Osyris compressa (P.J.Bergius) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 634 (1857)
Name: Cape Sumach
Distribution: Zambia; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
26 MOZ ZAM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius; Descr. Pl. Cap. 38 (1767)
= Fusanus compressus (P.J.Bergius) L.; Syst. Veg., ed. 13 [J.A.Murray] 765 (1774)
= Fusanus compressus (P.J.Bergius) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 3: 435. t. 842 (1792), isonym
= Thesium colpoon L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 161 (1782), nom. superfl.
species :
Osyris daruma Parsa; Kew Bull. [3]: 227 (1948)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 633 (1857)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Osyris arborea var. puberula Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 232 (1886)
= Osyris arborea var. rotundifolia P.C.Tam; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(3): 71 (1981)
= Osyris arborea var. stipitata Lecomte; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20(7): 404 (1914)
= Osyris arborea Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4035 (1829) ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 633 (1857)
= Osyris nepalensis Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 376 (1854)
= Osyris wightiana J.Graham; Cat. Pl. Bombay [Graham] 177 (1839)
= Osyris wightiana var. puberula (Hook.f.) Kumari; Biol. Mem. 2: 126 (1977)
= Osyris wightiana var. rotundifolia (P.C.Tam) P.C.Tam; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 64 (1988)
= Osyris wightiana var. stipitata (Lecomte) P.C.Tam; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 64 (1988)
= Osyris wightiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4036 (1829), nomen
= Osyris wightiana Wall. ex Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. (1853 publ. 1852), nom. illeg.
species :
Osyris quadripartita Salzm. ex Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 6: 65 (1836)
Name: Lanzettblättriger Rutenstrauch, Transvaal Sumach
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma); E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, W-Yemen)
12 BAL POR SPA 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY 23 ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOC SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 35 SAU YEM
Remarks: often included in O. lanceolata
Synonyms: hidden
= Osyris abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 236 (1850)
= Osyris abyssinica f. latifolia Fiori; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 47: 28 (1940)
= Osyris densifolia Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2. Anh.): 11 (1932)
= Osyris divaricata Pilg.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 104 (1906)
= Osyris laeta Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2. Anh.): 11 (1932)
= Osyris oblanceolata Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2. Anh.): 11 (1932)
= Osyris parvifolia Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 239 (1910), et Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 434 (1911)
= Osyris pendula Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1883)
= Osyris quadrifida Salzm. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 633 (1857), nom. inval.
= Osyris quadripartita var. canariensis Kämmer; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 23-24: 77 (1975)
= Osyris rigidissima Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 199 (1892)
= Osyris tenuifolia Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 167 (1895)
= Osyris urundiensis De Wild.; Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 44(1): 373 (1925)
species :
Osyris speciosa (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Strelitzia 9: 716 (2000)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean; S. African J. Bot. 56: 667 (1990)
= Osyris abyssinica var. speciosa A.W.Hill; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 209 (1925)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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