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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.2915 Genus Otiophora Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 315 (1832)
Distribution: Tropical and S-Africa, Madagascar
Species listed in database: 18
= Mericocalyx Bamps; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 147 (1959)
species :
Otiophora angustifolia Verdc.; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1 (1-2): 27 (1973)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Otiophora caerulea (Hiern) Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 471 (1933)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora pulchella K.Schum. ex De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 230 (1903)
= Pentanisia caerulea Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 471 (1898)
species :
Otiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 416 (1901)
subspecies :
subsp. calycophylla
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthospermum calycophyllum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 31 (1865)
= Otiophora hebe Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 402 (1950)
subspecies :
subsp. verdcourtii Puff; J. S. African Bot. 47(2): 315 (1981)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Otiophora cupheoides N.E.Br.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1453 (1884)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora cupheoides var. hirsuta (Bär) Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 40 (1950)
= Otiophora cupheoides var. macrosiphon Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 400 (1950)
= Otiophora densiflora Bär; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 68: 436 (1923)
= Otiophora hirsuta Bär; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 68: 435 (1923)
species :
Otiophora inyangana N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 107 (1906)
subspecies :
subsp. inyangana
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
subspecies :
subsp. parvifolia (Verdc.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 47(2): 325 (1981)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora inyangana var. parvifolia Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 399 (1950)
species :
Otiophora lanceolata Verdc.; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1 (1-2): 28 (1973)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
species :
Otiophora lebruniana (Bamps) Robbr. & Puff; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51(1-2): 149 (1981)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi
23 BUR ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Mericocalyx lebrunianus Bamps; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 148 (1959)
variant :
var. devrediana (Bamps) Robbr. & Puff; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51(1-2): 150 (1981)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi
23 BUR ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Mericocalyx devredianus Bamps; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 150 (1959)
species :
Otiophora multicaulis Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 405 (1950)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
species :
Otiophora parviflora Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 407 (1950)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; N-Zimbabwe
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ZIM
species :
Otiophora pauciflora Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 170 (1884)
subspecies :
subsp. pauciflora
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora pauciflora var. ovata Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 410 (1950)
subspecies :
subsp. burttii (Milne-Redh.) Verdc.; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1 (1-2): 29 (1973)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora burttii Milne-Redh.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 18: 103 (1946)
= Otiophora pauciflora var. burttii (Milne-Redh.) Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 411 (1950)
species :
Otiophora perrieri Homolle; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 74 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Otiophora pycnoclada K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 415 (1901)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Otiophora pycnostachys K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 393 (1895)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora caespitosa S.Moore; J. Bot. 63: 146 (1925)
species :
Otiophora rupicola Verdc.; Kew Bull. 26(1): 75 (1971)
Distribution: Burundi
23 BUR
species :
Otiophora scabra Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 316 (1829-1830 publ. 1832)
subspecies :
subsp. scabra
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora scabra var. glabra Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 395 (1950)
= Pentanisia spicata S.Moore; J. Bot. 46: 38, 76 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. diffusa (Verdc.) Puff; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51(1-2): 126 (1981)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora scabra var. diffusa Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 395 (1950)
species :
Otiophora spirospicata R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl.): 2, 40 (1926)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 ZAI 26 ANG
species :
Otiophora stolzii (Verdc.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 14: 351 (1960)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora parviflora var. stolzii Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 407 (1950)
species :
Otiophora villicaulis Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 637 (1941)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi
22 NGA 23 BUR CMN ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora latifolia var. bamendensis Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 407 (1950)
= Otiophora latifolia var. villosa Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 407 (1950)
= Otiophora latifolia Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 406 (1950)
= Otiophora villicaulis var. villosa (Verdc.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 299 (1975)
variant :
var. iringensis (Verdc.) Puff; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51(1-2): 139 (1981)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Otiophora parviflora var. iringensis Verdc.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 408 (1950)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life