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426.0000 Family Sapotaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 151 (1789), nom. cons.
> 70 genera, ca. 1350 spp. tropical/subtropical (400 neotropical, 350 Africa, 350 Asia). Latest generic circumscription see Swenson et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 1375
= Achradaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Boerlagellaceae H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 250 (1925)
= Bumeliaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 21 (1895)
= Sarcospermataceae H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 248 (1925), nom. cons.
426.3405 Genus Payena A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 196 (1844)
Distribution: Burma, Andamans, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines
Species listed in database: 20
= Keratephorus Hassk.; Retzia 100 (1855)
= Hapaloceras Hassk.; Flora 42: 639 (1859)
= Ceratophorus Hassk. ex Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 1038 (1859), orth. var.
species :
Payena acuminata (Blume) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 528 (1885)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Pahang); Sumatera (incl. Simeulue Isl.); Borneo; Brunei; Jawa
41 THA 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Bassia balem Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 1: 582 (1861)
= Bassia junghuhniana de Vriese; Pl. Ind. Bat. Orient. 62 (1856)
= Bassia sericea Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 674 (1826)
= Isonandra pulchra (Miq.) Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 21 (1885)
= Isonandra sumatrana (Miq.) Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 21 (1885)
= Kaukenia acuminata (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 406 (1891)
= Madhuca acuminata (Blume) Baehni; Boissiera 11: 36 (1965)
= Mimusops acuminata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 672 (1826)
= Payena balem (Miq.) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 530 (1885)
= Payena junghuhniana (de Vriese) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 530 (1885)
= Payena ornata S.Moore; J. Bot. 63(Suppl.): 61 (1925)
= Payena seicea var. pulchra (Burck) H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 142 (1925)
= Payena sericea (Blume) H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 139 (1925)
= Payena sericea var. pulchra (Burck) H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 142 (1925)
= Payena stipularis Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 48 (1885)
= Payena sumatrana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 582 (1861)
= Payena sumatrana Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 527 (1885)
= Payena suringariana Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 49 (1885)
= Payena teysmanniana Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 527 (1885)
species :
Payena annamensis Lecomte; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 909 (1930)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Payena lanceolata var. annamensis (Lecomte) A.Bruggen; Blumea 9: 130 (1958)
species :
Payena asiatica Chantar.; Thai J. Bot. 6(1): 93 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera
41 THA 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Isonandra lancifolia Baehni; Boissiera 11: 86 (1965)
= Payena lanceolata Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 93 (1918), nom. illeg.
= Payena lancifolia H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 147 (1925), nom. illeg.
species :
Payena dantung H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 134 (1925)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Isonandra dantung (H.J.Lam) Baehni; Boissiera 11: 85 (1965)
species :
Payena dasyphylla (Miq.) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 527 (1885)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan); Sumatera; Borneo
42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Bassia caudata Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 267 (1923)
= Isonandra dasyphylla Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 201 (1852)
= Madhuca caudata (Ridl.) H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 161 (1925)
species :
Payena endertii H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 144 (1925)
Distribution: Sumatera; Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Madhuca lamii Baehni; Boissiera 11: 37 (1965)
species :
Payena ferruginea J.T.Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 905 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan, Sarawak); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Payena gigas A.Bruggen; Blumea 9: 108 (1958)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Payena grandistipula J.T.Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 908 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Payena kapitensis J.T.Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 910 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Payena khoonmengiana J.T.Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 912 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Payena kinabaluensis J.T.Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 914 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Payena lamii A.Bruggen; Blumea 9: 127 (1958)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Payena leerii (T. & B.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40(2): 69 (1871)
Distribution: Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia (Perak); Sumatera; Borneo; Palawan; Philippines (Tawitawi, Mindanao); Jawa
41 MYA 42 BOR JAW MLY PHI PLW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Azaola leerii Teijsm. & Binn.; Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 6: 116 (1854)
= Ceratophorus leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Hassk.; Retzia 1: 101 (1856)
= Hapaloceras arupa Hassk.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 11: 193 (1866)
= Hapaloceras leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Hassk.; Flora 42: 639 (1859)
= Isonandra benjamina de Vriese; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 21: 310 (1860)
= Isonandra benjamina de Vriese ex Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 258 (1861)
= Isonandra lamponga Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 581 (1861)
= Keratephorus leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Hassk.; Retzia 101 (1855)
= Madhuca leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 277 (1923)
= Payena benjamina (de Vriese) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 524 (1885)
= Payena croixiana Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 524 (1885)
= Payena lamponga (Miq.) Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 48, 59 (1885)
species :
Payena longipedicellata Brace ex King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 169 (1906)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once from Perak); Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Keratephorus longipedicellata (Brace ex King & Gamble) Teijsm. & Binn.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Teijsmann & Binnendijk] 161 (1866)
species :
Payena lucida (Wall. ex G.Don) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 197 (1844)
Distribution: Andaman Isl.; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang Isl., Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Sumatera (incl. Bangka Isl., Simeulue); Borneo; Brunei
40 BAN 41 AND MYA THA 42 BOR BRN MLY SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hapaloceras wightii (Hassk.) Hassk.; Flora 42: 639 (1859)
= Isonandra polyandra Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1589 (1850)
= Isonandra puberula Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 201 (1852)
= Keratephorus wightii Hassk.; Retzia 100 (1855)
= Madhuca lowiana (Pierre) Baehni; Boissiera 11: 37 (1965)
= Madhuca lucida (A.DC.) Baehni; Boissiera 11: 37 (1965)
= Mimusops lucida Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4147, et ex Gen. Hist. 4: 35 (1837) (1831), descr.
= Payena dasyphylla var. glabrata King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 184 (1906)
= Payena glabra H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 148 (1925)
= Payena glutinosa Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 529 (1885)
= Payena griffithii Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 525 (1885), nom. illeg.
= Payena lowiana Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 525 (1885)
= Payena lucida Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 525 (1885) non (Wall. ex G. Don) A. DC.
= Payena lucida var. wightii (Hassk.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 548 (1882)
= Payena paralleloneura Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40(2): 70 (1871)
= Payena polyandra (Wight) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 659 (1876)
= Payena polyandra (Wight) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 526 (1885)
= Payena puberula (Miq.) Pierre ex Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 50 (1885)
= Payena punctata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 379 (1937)
species :
Payena maingayi C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 547 (1882)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang Isl., Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Singapore
41 THA 42 MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Madhuca maingayi (C.B.Clarke) Baehni; Boissiera 11: 36 (1965)
species :
Payena microphylla (de Vriese) Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 99, 60 (1885)
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Isonandra microphylla de Vriese; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 21: 312 (1860)
= Isonandra microphylla de Vriese ex Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 260 (1861)
= Payena beccarii Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 525 (1885)
= Payena parvifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 508 (1890)
species :
Payena obscura Burck; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 60 (1885)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang Isl., Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Johor); Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY SNG SUM
variant :
var. havilandii (King & Gamble) Pereira; Kew Bull. 52: 916 (1997)
Distribution: NW-Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Payena havilandii King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 169 (1906)
species :
Payena pseudoterminalis H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 260 (1925)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Payena eugeniifolia King ex S.Moore; J. Bot. 63: Suppl. 61 (1925)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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