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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.2907 Genus Phyllopentas (Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar, trop. Africa, Arabia
Species listed in database: 14
species :
Phyllopentas austroorientalis (Homolle & Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas austroorientalis Homolle & Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 261 (1953)
species :
Phyllopentas concinna (K.Schum.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas concinna K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 335 (1903)
species :
Phyllopentas decaryana (Homolle ex Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas decaryana Homolle ex Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 353 (1953)
species :
Phyllopentas elata (K.Schum.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas elata K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 377 (1895)
species :
Phyllopentas flava Razafim., Andriamih. & Kårehed; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 1024 (2012)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Phyllopentas hirtiflora (Baker) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas hirtiflora Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 482 (1887)
species :
Phyllopentas ionolaena (K.Schum.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Tanzania; Madagascar
25 TAN 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas ionolaena K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 487 (1900)
species :
Phyllopentas ledermannii (K.Krause) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon
22 NGA 23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas ledermannii K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 25 (1920)
= Pentas pubiflora subsp. bamendensis Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 329 (1953)
species :
Phyllopentas madagascariensis (Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas ionolaena subsp. madagascariensis Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 257 (1953)
species :
Phyllopentas mussaendoides (Baker) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas mussaendoides Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 165 (1884)
species :
Phyllopentas schimperi (Hochst.) Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang; Phytotaxa 435(3): 252 (2020)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
23 BIO BUR CAF CMN RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Mussaenda schimperi Hochst.; Exsicc. (Pl. Schimp.) 1: no. 38 (1840)
= Neurocarpaea thomsonii (Scott Elliot) S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 157 (1905)
= Pentas occidentalis (Hook.f.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 46 (1877)
= Pentas schimperi (Hochst.) Wieringa; Blumea 53(3): 567 (2008)
= Pentas schimperi subsp. occidentalis (Hook.f.) Wieringa; Blumea 53: 568 (2008)
= Pentas schimperiana subsp. occidentalis (Hook.f.) Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23(3-4): 266 (1953)
= Pentas schimperiana Vatke; Linnaea 40: 192 (1876), nom. superfl.
= Pentas thomsonii Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 435 (1896)
= Phyllopentas schimperiana (A.Rich.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007), nom. inval., et Taxon 57(2): 668 (2008)
= Vignaldia occidentalis Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 197 (1864)
= Vignaldia schimperiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 357 (1847)
species :
Phyllopentas schumanniana (K.Krause) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas ionolaena subsp. schumanniana (K.Krause) Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 256 (1953)
= Pentas schumanniana K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 521 (1907)
species :
Phyllopentas tenuis (Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas tenuis Verdc.; Kirkia 5: 273 (1966)
species :
Phyllopentas ulugurica (Verdc.) Kårehed & B.Bremer; Taxon 56(4): 1076 (2007)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentas ulugurica (Verdc.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 254 (1960)
= Tapinopentas ulugurica Verdc.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23: 61 (1953)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life