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252.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Fu et al. (2026)
Species listed in database: 2091; hybrids: 6
= Boehmerioideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 521 (1880)
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Cecropioideae Romaniuc; Albertoa n. s. 4: 13 (1999)
= Conocephaloideae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 1: 71, 93 (1888)
= Lecanthoideae Kravtsova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 92: 22 (2007)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
= Parietarioideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 522 (1880)
= Ureroideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 521 (1880)
= Urticoideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 129 (1832)
252.0106 Genus Pipturus Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 196 (1854)
Distribution: Madagascar (1), Comoros, Mascarene Isl., S- and Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania eastward to Hawaiian Isl. (4) and Fiji
Species listed in database: 30
= Praetoria Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 470, t. 11 (1858)
species :
Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray ex H.Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 201 (1867)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria acuminata Hook. & Arn. ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235 (1869), nomen
= Boehmeria albida Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. [Hooker & Arnott] 96 (1832)
= Perlarius albidus (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 630 (1891)
= Pipturus albidus var. gaudichaudianus (Wedd.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235 (1869)
= Pipturus albidus var. meyenianus Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235 (1869)
= Pipturus brighamii f. kohalae Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 355 (1944)
= Pipturus brighamii Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 3 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus eriocarpus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 1 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus gaudichaudianus var. asperrimus Skottsb.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 117: 56 (1934)
= Pipturus gaudichaudianus var. hualalaiensis Skottsb.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 117: 57 (1934)
= Pipturus gaudichaudianus Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 197 (1854)
= Pipturus hawaiiensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 124 (1911)
= Pipturus hawaiiensis subsp. molokaiensis Skottsb.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 117: 60 (1934)
= Pipturus hawaiiensis var. eriocarpus (Skottsb.) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 352 (1944)
= Pipturus hawaiiensis var. integrifolius O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener], Fam. 97, sub Pipturus hawaiensis (1968)
= Pipturus hawaiiensis var. molokaiensis (Skottsb.) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener], Fam. 97, sub Pipturus hawaiensis (1968)
= Pipturus helleri Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 4 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus oahuensis Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 3 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus pachyphyllus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 1 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus pterocarpus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 351 (1944)
= Pipturus rockii Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 2 (1931 publ. 1932)
= Pipturus skottsbergii Krajina; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 9: no. 3, 3 (1930)
= Pipturus taitensis var. gaudichaudii (Wedd.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 449 (1856)
= Pipturus taitensis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 197 (1854)
species :
Pipturus angustifolius Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 20: 379 (1922)
Distribution: Philippines (Leyte)
42 PHI
species :
Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6(1): 13-14 (1911)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan (incl. Lan Yu Isl.); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); South China Sea Isl.; Moluccas
38 NNS TAI 42 BOR MOL PHI SCS SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Perlarius asper (Wedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 630 (1891)
= Pipturus arborescens C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 13 (1911), nom. superfl.
= Pipturus asper Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 197 (1854)
= Pipturus fauriei Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 51 (1932)
= Urtica arborescens Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 483 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Urtica arborescens Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 386 (1822)
= Urtica baccifera Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 695 (1837)
species :
Pipturus argenteus (G.Forst.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(19) (1869)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores; Agalega Isl.; Seychelles (incl. Desroches Isl., Coetivy Isl.); Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Singapore [I]; Sumatera; Sulawesi; Philippines (Balabac, Lumbucan, Mindanao); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Mapia Atoll); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, E-Queensland to NE-New South Wales); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Kao, Vava´u, Niuafo´ou, Tafahi, Niuatoputapu, Late Isl.); Niue; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Tokelau (Swains Isl.); Gilbert Isl. (Abaiang); N-Line Isl. (Teraina); Cook Isl. (widespread, incl. Mangaia, Rarotonga, Manihiki, Rakahanga, Nassau, Pukapuka); Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Mehetia, Bora Bora, Moora, Tetiaroa Atoll); Tuamotu Arch. (Rangiroa Atoll, Takapoto Atoll); Austral Isl.; Palau (Kayangel, Majuro, Jaluit, Arno); Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Woleai, Ifalik, Namonuito, Nomwin, Truk, Moen, Etal, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Ant, Pohnpei, Mokil, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Ailinglapalap, Ujelang, Ujae, Lae, Kwajalein, ?Wotje)
29 AGA CGS COM MDG SEY 41 AND NCB 42 JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI sng SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NUE ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON TUV VAN WAL 61 AUI COO LIN MRQ SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria argentea (G.Forst.) Guill. ex André; Pl. Feuill. Ornem. 108 (1866)
= Boehmeria argentea (G.Forst.) Guill. ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(19) (1869)
= Boehmeria candolleana Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 499 (1830)
= Boehmeria cinerascens (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 79 (1844)
= Boehmeria incana (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 79 (1844)
= Boehmeria irritans Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 477 (1926)
= Boehmeria propinqua Decne.; Herb. Timor. 163 (1835)
= Boehmeria velutina Decne.; Herb. Timor. 163 (1834)
= Botrymorus paniculata (Roxb.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 283 (1859)
= Perlarius argenteus (G.Forst.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 630 (1891)
= Perlarius incanus (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 629 (1891)
= Pipturus acuminatus Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 304 (1870)
= Pipturus argenteus var. calcicola Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 89: 577 (1921)
= Pipturus argenteus var. lanosus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 62 (1932)
= Pipturus candolleanus (Gaudich.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 196 (1854)
= Pipturus candolleanus Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 196 (1854)
= Pipturus incanus (Blume) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(18) (1869)
= Pipturus incanus var. hivensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 53 (1935)
= Pipturus incanus var. nukuhivensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 52 (1935)
= Pipturus incanus var. uapensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 52 (1935)
= Pipturus propinquus (Decne.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 447, t. 15 D (1855 publ. 1856)
= Pipturus vaihirianensis J.W.Moore; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 16: 1 (1940)
= Pipturus velutinus (Decne.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 196 (1854)
= Urtica albidopunctata Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 734 (1841)
= Urtica argentea G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 65 (1786)
= Urtica cinerascens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 497 (1826)
= Urtica fruticosa Banks ex Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 283 (1859), nomen
= Urtica incana Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 497 (1826)
= Urtica pellucida Labill.; Sert. Austro-Caledon. 79 (1825)
variant :
var. tuamotensis (F.Br.) Florence; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 270 (1996)
Distribution: Society Isl.; Tuamotu Arch. (widespread, Rangiroa, Niau, Takapoto, Tikei, Arutua, Manihi, Kanehi, Tahanea, Toau, Fakareva, Faite, Tuanake, Hiti, Taenga, Aratika, Apataki, Kaukura)
61 SCI TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus incanus var. tuamotensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 54 (1935)
species :
Pipturus australium Florence; Fl. Polynésie Franç. [Florence] 1: 248 (1997)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Raivavae, Rapa)
61 AUI
species :
Pipturus ceramicus Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 304 (1869)
Distribution: Moluccas (Seram)
42 MOL
species :
Pipturus cinnamomeus Ridl.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 156 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea
42 NWG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Pipturus dentatus (C.B.Rob.) C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 311 (1911)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pouzolzia dentata C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 7 (1911)
species :
Pipturus forbesii Krajina; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 9: no. 3, 6 (1930)
Distribution: Hawaii (East Maui)
63 HAW
species :
Pipturus grandifolius Ridl.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 156 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea
42 NWG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Maoutia grandifolia (Ridl.) H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 607 (1922)
species :
Pipturus grantii Florence; Fl. Polynésie Franç. [Florence] 1: 250 (1997)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Pipturus henryanus F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 54 (1935)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka)
61 MRQ
species :
Pipturus hubertii Bennet; Indian J. Forest. 1(1): 22 (1978), nom. nov.
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Narcondum Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl.); etc.
41 AND 42 NWG 61 TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus velutinus H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 175 (1919), nom. illeg.
species :
Pipturus kauaiensis A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 815 (1896)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus albidus var. grosseserrata Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 221 (1926)
species :
Pipturus ledermannii H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 176 (1919)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus lithospermum H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 592 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus micronesicus Kaneh.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 353 (1935)
Distribution: Palau (Urukthapel, Peleliu, Angaur)
62 PLU
species :
Pipturus montanus P.Royen; Alpine Fl. New Guinea 3: 2147 (1982)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus oreophilus Florence; Fl. Polynésie Franç. [Florence] 1: 248 (1997)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Pipturus papuanus Gibbs; Fl. Arfak Mts. [Gibbs] 128 (1917)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus platyphyllus Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(19) (1869)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Perlarius platyphyllus (Wedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 630 (1891)
species :
Pipturus polynesicus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 27 (1931 publ. 1932)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus albidus var. tahitensis Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 45 (1873)
= Pipturus nadeaudii Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 29 (1931 publ. 1932) (non P. taitensis Wedd.)
variant :
var. melanesicus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 8: 111 (1933)
Distribution: Vanuatu
60 VAN
variant :
var. neocaledonicus Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 8: 114 (1933)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
variant :
var. samoensis (Hochr.) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 28 (1932)
Distribution: [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu)
60 SAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus albidus var. samoensis Hochr.; Candollea 2: 349 (1925)
= Pipturus viridis Christoph.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 128: 77 (1935)
species :
Pipturus pullei H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 175 (1919), et Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 591 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus ruber A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 815 (1896)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus albidus var. kauaiensis Hochr.; Candollea 2: 350 (1925)
species :
Pipturus schaeferi Florence; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 271 (1996)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Fatu Hiva, Hiva Oa, Tahuata)
61 MRQ
species :
Pipturus subinteger H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 589 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Palau (Babeldaob, Gatulel, Ulebsechel)
42 NWG 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus palauensis Hosok.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 25: 122 (1935)
species :
Pipturus succulentus Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 897 (1910)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pseudopipturus succulentus (Elmer) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 8: 117 (1933)
species :
Pipturus tooviianus Florence; Fl. Polynésie Franç. [Florence] 1: 248 (1997)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva)
61 MRQ
species :
Pipturus verticillatus H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 589 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Pipturus vitiensis A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 29 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); Tokelau (Nukunonu, Atafu)
60 FIJ TOK WAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Pipturus gracilipes A.Gray ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(30) (1869)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life