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512.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5597
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
512.5121 Genus Poikilacanthus Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 57 (1894)
Distribution: C- and S-America
Species listed in database: 13
species :
Poikilacanthus bahiensis (Nees) Wassh.; Kew Bull. 48(1): 17 (1993)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda bahiensis Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 148 (1847)
= Ecbolium bahiense (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Poikilacanthus harleyi Wassh.; Kew Bull. 48: 17 (1993)
species :
Poikilacanthus capitatus (Leonard) Ramamoorthy; Syst. Bot. 14(2): 151 (1989)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Mexico State)
79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Jacobinia capitata Leonard; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 71 (1938)
species :
Poikilacanthus foliosepalus T.F.Daniel; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 64(7): 146 (2017)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Poikilacanthus glandulosus (Nees) Ariza; Kurtziana 17: 159 (1984)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari); Uruguay (Salto); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda flexuosa (Nees) Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 148 (1847)
= Adhatoda umbrosa Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 406 (1847)
= Beloperone spathulata (Nees & Mart.) Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 136 (1847)
= Ecbolium flexuosum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Ecbolium umbrosum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Justicia flexuosa (Nees) Wassh. & L.B.Sm.; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin., Pt. 1, Acantac. 113 (1969)
= Justicia spathulata Nees & Mart.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 55 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Justicia umbrosa (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(Beibl. 48): 20 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Orthotactus glandulosus Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 131, t. 132 (1847)
= Poikilacanthus flexuosus (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 57 (1894)
= Tyloglossa flexuosa Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 116 (1847)
species :
Poikilacanthus harlingii Wassh.; Opera Bot. 92: 275 (1987)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Poikilacanthus humilis Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 481 (1895)
Distribution: Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Poikilacanthus macranthus Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 481 (1895)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Jacobinia purpusii Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 195 (1915), nom. illeg.
= Poikilacanthus setiferus Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 246 (1947)
species :
Poikilacanthus moritzianus (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 57 (1894); et in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 342 (1895)
Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)
82 VEN
Remarks: not in Colombia
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda moritziana Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 388 (1847)
= Ecbolium moritzianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
species :
Poikilacanthus novogalicianus T.F.Daniel; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 118(4): 455 (1991)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Michoacán, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Poikilacanthus pansamalanus (Donn.Sm.) D.N.Gibson; Fieldiana, Bot. 34(6): 75 (1972)
Distribution: +Guatemala (+Alta Verapaz)
80 GUA
Conservation Status: IUCN V. Known only from two 19th century collections
Synonyms: hidden
= Beloperone pansamalana Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 13: 75 (1888)
species :
Poikilacanthus pochutlensis T.F.Daniel; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 64(7): 147 (2017)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Poikilacanthus skutchii D.N.Gibson; Fieldiana, Bot. 34(6): 75 (1972)
Distribution: Guatemala (Quezaltenango, San Marcos)
80 GUA
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Poikilacanthus tweedianus (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 40 (1894) et 19, Beibl. no. 48: 19 (1894); et in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 342 (1895)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Potosí, Tarija); Uruguay (Montevideo, Rio Negro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucumán)
83 BOL 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda tweedieana Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 395 (1847)
= Adhatoda tweedieana var. angustifolia Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 395 (1847)
= Ecbolium lorentzianum (Lindau) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 248 (1898)
= Ecbolium tweedianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Justicia bonariensis Gillies ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 395 (1847)
= Justicia campestris Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 225 (1874), nom. illeg.
= Justicia diamantina Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 371 (1905)
= Justicia lorentziana Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(Beibl. 48): 20 (1894), nom. superfl.
= Justicia tweedieana (Nees) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 225 (1874)
= Justicia viridis Gillies ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 395 (1847), nom. inval.
= Poikilacanthus tweedianus var. angustifolius (Nees) Lindau
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life