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518.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
Latest phylogeny: Zhao et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 7841; hybrids: 380
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
518.4503 Genus Premna L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 154 (1771), nom. cons.
Distribution: Tropical (30) and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania. Some are exceedingly variable, leading to oversplitting. See Flora Malesiana (2019) for elimination of many taxa. More should be synonymized in Indochina and India.
Species listed in database: 124
= Gumira Rumph. ex Hassk.; Flora 25(2, 1. Beibl.): 26 (1842)
= Holochiloma Hochst.; Flora 24: 371 (1841)
= Pygmaeopremna Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 225 (1910)
= Scobia Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 3 (1790), nomen
= Scrophularioides G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 91 (1786), nomen
= Solia Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 3 (1790), nomen
= Tatea F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 6: 33 (1883)
species :
Premna acuminata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
Distribution: China (Hainan); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)
36 CHI 42 NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira acuminata (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna cordata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
species :
Premna acutata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 119 (1916)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus yunnanensis H.Lév.; (1916) (not P. yunnanensis W. W. Sm. (1916), nor P. yunnanensis Dop (1923))
= Premna anthopotamica Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58: 231 (1921)
= Premna mekongensis var. meiophylla W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 120 (1916)
= Premna mekongensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 120 (1916)
= Premna parvilimba C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): (1932)
= Premna pilosa C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 66 (1932)
= Premna punicea C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 433 (1977)
= Premna steppicola Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 902 (1936)
= Premna subcapitata Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 458 (1917)
= Premna yunnanensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 120 (1916)
species :
Premna amplectens Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. (1762) ex Schauer in DC.
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand
41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira amplectens (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna angolensis Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 165 (1894)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAB CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna angolensis var. cuneata De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 3: 127 (1909)
= Premna angolensis var. minor De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 263 (1911)
= Premna claessensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 21 (1929)
= Premna elskensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 22 (1929)
= Premna quadrifolia var. subglabra Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 181 (1953)
= Premna zenkeri Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 292 (1903)
species :
Premna annulata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 199 (1938)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna annulata var. maclurei Moldenke; Phytologia 43: 197 (1979)
species :
Premna aureolepidota Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 402 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna balakrishnanii A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 34(1-4): 174 (1992 publ. 1997)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Premna balansae Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 445 (1923)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Premna barbata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. (1768)
Distribution: Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, N. W. Frontier Prov. [I]); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhatishgarh, Himachal Pradesh, ?Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, ?Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar
40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira barbata (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna barbata var. anodon C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 579 (1885)
= Premna calycina Haines; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 122 (1922)
species :
Premna bengalensis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 577 (1885)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, ?Kerala, ?Karnataka, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand
40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira bengalensis (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna bhamoensis Y.H.Tan & Bo Li; PhytoKeys 83: 95 (2017)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Premna bracteata Wall. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 572 (1885)
Distribution: C-China; Tibet; Nepal; NE-India (Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira bracteata (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna racemosa Gamble; List Trees Darjeeling Distr. 61 (1896)
= Surfacea bracteata (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(1): 60 (1980)
species :
Premna cambodiana Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 440 (1923)
Distribution: Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD LAO VIE
species :
Premna caridantha Y.H.Tan & Bo Li; Phytotaxa 490(1): 108 (2021)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Premna cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 439 (1912)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, E-Hunan, W-Jiangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum elachistanthum Merr. ex H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 426 (1944)
species :
Premna chevalieri Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 445 (1923)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan, Hainan); Thailand; Laos
36 CHI 41 LAO THA
species :
Premna chrysoclada (Bojer) Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 293 (1903)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania (incl. Mombasa Isl.); Zanzibar
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna zanzibarensis Vatke; Linnaea 48: 531 (1880 publ. 1882)
= Premna zanzibarensis Vatke ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1890: 26 et 34 (1890), nomen
= Vitex chrysoclada Bojer; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 4: 268 (1835)
species :
Premna clavata de Kok; Kew Bull. 68(1): 59 (2013)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Premna confinis C.Pei & S.L.Chen ex C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 437 (1977)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna cordifolia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 95 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 78 (1832)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira cordifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna coriacea C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 573 (1888)
Distribution: India (?Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (common); Laos; Cambodia
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD LAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira coriacea (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna cordifolia Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1483 (1849), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. villosa (C.B.Clarke) A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 38: 43 (1996 publ. 2001)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Thailand
40 IND 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna villosa C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 573 (1885)
= Gumira villosa (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna corymbosa Rottler & Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 187 (1803)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.
40 IND 41 AND NCB
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira corymbosa (Rottler & Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna alstonii Moldenke; Phytologia 28: 101 (1974), nom. inval.
= Premna alstonii var. mollis Moldenke; Phytologia 41(5): 346 (1979)
= Premna alstonii var. subcrenata Moldenke; Phytologia 41(5): 346 (1979)
species :
Premna debiana A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 34(1-4): 177 (1992 publ. 1997)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Premna decaryi Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 320 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna decurrens H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 36 (1921)
Distribution: N-Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Premna discolor Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Verben. 79 (1992)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
variant :
var. dianiensis Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Verben. 79 (1992)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Premna dubia Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 283 (1914)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna collinsiae Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 283 (1914)
species :
Premna esculenta Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 46 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 81 (1832)
Distribution: India (?Assam, ?Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, ?West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand
40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira esculenta (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna fohaiensis C.Pei & S.L.Chen ex C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 436 (1977)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna fordii Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, Addit. Ser. 10: 203 (1912)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. glabra S.L.Chen; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 211 (1982)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Premna fulva Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 442 (1911)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi, S-Guizhou, S-Yunnan); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna crassa Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58: 230 (1921)
= Premna fortunati Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 444 (1923)
= Premna longipila C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 75 (1932)
species :
Premna garrettii H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 200 (1938)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Premna glaberrima Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1484 (1849)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira glaberrima (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna glandulosa Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58: 232 (1921)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna gracillima Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Verben. 73 (1992)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Premna grandipaniculata Y.H.Tan & Bo Li; PhytoKeys 94: 118 (2018)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Premna grossa Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 638 (1847)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira grossa (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna hainanensis Chun & F.C.How; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 77 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna hans-joachimii Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Verben. 74 (1992)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Premna henryana (Hand.-Mazz.) C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 433 (1977)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna steppicola var. henryana Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 902 (1936)
species :
Premna herbacea Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 80 (1832)
Distribution: China (Hainan, W-Yunnan); NE-Pakistan (Mirpur); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu & ?Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, ?Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira herbacea (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Premna acaulis (F.Muell.) Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 75 (1951)
= Premna angustiflora H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 134 (1919)
= Premna macrophylla var. glaberrima Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 273 (1962)
= Premna nana Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 109 (1891)
= Premna obovata Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 77 (1951)
= Premna sessilifolia H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 133 (1919)
= Pygmaeopremna acaulis (F.Muell.) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 54 (1941)
= Pygmaeopremna angustiflora (H.J.Lam) Moldenke; Phytologia 6: 448 (1959)
= Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 54 (1941)
= Pygmaeopremna herbacea var. thailandica Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 84 (1959)
= Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 225 (1910)
= Pygmaeopremna nana (Collett & Hemsl.) Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. Avicenn. 78 (1942)
= Pygmaeopremna sessilifolia (H.J.Lam) Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. Avicenn. 78 (1942)
= Pygmaeopremna subacaulis (F.Muell.) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 54 (1941)
= Tatea acaulis F.Muell.; Trans. Proc. & Rep. Roy. Soc. South Australia 6: 34 (1883)
= Tatea herbacea (Roxb.) Junell; Symb. Bot. Upsal. No. 4 (Gynaceummorph. u. Syst. Verbenac. u. Labiat.) 85.(1934)
= Tatea humilis (Merr.) Junell; Symb. Bot. Upsal. No. 4 (Gynaceummorph. u. Syst. Verbenac. u. Labiat.) 85.(1934)
= Tatea subacaulis F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 6: 34 (1883)
species :
Premna hildebrandtii Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 165 (1894)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya; Tanzania (incl. Mombasa Isl.); Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ ZIM
species :
Premna hispida Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 485 (1849)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR SEN SIE TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira hispida (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna humbertii Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 317 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna humbertii var. obtusa Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 318 (1950)
species :
Premna hutchinsonii Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. Avicenn. 78 (1942)
Distribution: Ivory Coast
22 IVO
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna grandifolia A.Meeuse; Blumea 5: 72 (1942)
= Premna macrophylla A.Chev.; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 270, in clavi, 272 (1931) (non Wall.)
species :
Premna interrupta Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 633 (1847)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Sichuan, SE-Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, ?Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Taping Hills, Perak)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira interrupta (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira racemosa (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna derryana King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 107 (1908)
= Premna interrupta var. smitinandii Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 163 (1962)
= Premna racemosa var. sikkimensis Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 18 (1954)
= Surfacea derryana (King & Gamble) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(1): 60 (1980)
= Surfacea interrupta (Wall. ex Schauer) Moldenke; Phytologia 46: 60 (1980)
= Surfacea racemosa var. sikkimensis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(1): 60 (1980)
species :
Premna jalpaiguriana T.K.Paul; Pleione 2(2): 239 (2008)
Distribution: India (West Bengal)
40 IND
species :
Premna khasiana C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 575 (1885)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Thailand
40 BAN IND 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira khasiana (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
species :
Premna lepidella Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 402 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna ligustroides Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 256 (1890)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna longiacuminata Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 316 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna ambongensis Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 316 (1950)
species :
Premna longifolia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 46 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 79 (1832)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira longifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna longipetiolata Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 318 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna lucens A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 192 (1911 publ. 1912)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
22 BEN GHA IVO LBR MLI SIE TOG 23 CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna gracilis A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 191 (1911 publ. 1912)
species :
Premna macrophylla Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 636 (1847)
Distribution: India (Manipur, Tripura); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
40 IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira macrophylla (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna macrophylla var. thailandica Moldenke; Phytologia 35: 419 (1977)
species :
Premna madagascariensis Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 273 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna matadiensis Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 422 (1951)
Distribution: Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna congolensis Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 180 (1953)
= Premna congolensis var. integrifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 180 (1953)
= Premna matadiensis var. parvifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 180 (1953)
species :
Premna maxima T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 700 (1924)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Premna menglaensis B.Li; Phytotaxa 153(1): 58 (2013), nom. nov.
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna emarginata Li Bing Zhang & Yi F.Duan; Phytotaxa 170(4): 281 (2014), nom. nov. superfl.
= Premna laevigata C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 440 (1977), nom. illeg.
species :
Premna micrantha Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 635 (1847)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, etc.); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira micrantha (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna microphylla Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(3): 217 (1863)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hongkong); Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Oshima, Shikoku); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa Isl.); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira japonica (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira microphylla (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna formosana Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 31: 80 (1887)
= Premna japonica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 97 (1865)
= Premna luxurians Nakai; Rep. Veg. Isl. Shikashima 37 (1927)
= Premna microphylla var. glabra Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 487 (1926)
= Premna microphylla var. luxurians (Nakai) Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 172 (1949)
species :
Premna milleflora C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 576 (1885)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira milleflora (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna milnei Baker; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 291 (1900)
Distribution: Nigeria; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]
22 NGA 23 BIO
species :
Premna minor Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 556 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Premna mollissima Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 286 (1821)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, ?Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira flavescens (Buch.-Ham. ex C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira mollissima (Roth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna flavescens Buch.-Ham. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885), nom. illeg.
= Premna hamiltonii J.L.Ellis; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22: 193 (1980 publ. 1982)
= Premna latifolia Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 76 (1832)
= Premna latifolia var. gamblei Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 717 (1925)
= Premna latifolia var. henryi D.Naras. ex A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; Indian Verbenac. (Taxonom. Revis.) 253 (2002)
= Premna latifolia var. mollissima (Roth) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885), nom. illeg.
= Premna latifolia var. mucronata (Roxb.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885)
= Premna latifolia var. viburnoides C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885)
= Premna mucronata Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 80 (1832)
= Premna viburnoides Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 635 (1847)
species :
Premna mundanthuraiensis A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 90(1): 80 (1993)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Premna mwadimei Ngumbau & G.W.Hu; Phytotaxa 510(2): 157 (2021)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Premna neurophylla Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 36: 368 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Premna oblongata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 893 (1858)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo (Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)
42 BOR JAW LSI PHI SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira oblongata (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna membranacea Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 65 (1905)
= Premna oswaldii Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 16 (1954)
= Premna rotundifolia Koord. & Valeton; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 42: 182 (1900)
= Premna sterculiifolia var. bakhuizenii Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 20 (1954)
species :
Premna odorata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 488 (1837)
Name: Fragrant premna
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); Japan; Taiwan; India (Assam); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Trengganu); Sumatra (incl. Simeulue, Siberut); Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi (incl. Kabaena Isl., Tukangbesi Isl.); Palawan (Culion); Philippines (Basilan, Batan, Bohol, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Samar, Tawitawi, Volcano); Java (incl. Kangean Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumba, Timor); Moluccas (Mangole, Sula Arch., Halmaheira); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); USA [I] (Florida [I])
36 CHI 38 JAP TAI 40 IND 41 CBD THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 43 BIS 50 AUS 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira leucostoma (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira odorata (Blanco) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira vestita (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna cumingiana var. pierreana (Dop) P.H.Hô; Câyco Vietnam (Illustr. Fl. Vietnam) 2(2): 1034 (1993), nom. inval.
= Premna curranii H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 116 (1919)
= Premna depauperata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 231 (1906)
= Premna depauperata var. oswaldiana Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 14 (1954)
= Premna depauperata var. serrulata Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 14 (1954)
= Premna flavescens var. rubens C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885)
= Premna goeringii Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 216 (1862)
= Premna inaequilateralis Beer & H.J.Lam; Blumea 2: 226 (1936)
= Premna latifolia var. cuneata C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885)
= Premna latifolia var. major Moldenke; Phytologia 41: 346 (1979)
= Premna leucostoma Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 899 (1858)
= Premna maclurei Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 330 (1928 publ. 1930)
= Premna oblongata var. puberula H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 127 (1919)
= Premna odorata f. crenulata Koord. & Valeton ex Moldenke; Phytologia 21: 418 (1971)
= Premna odorata var. detergibilis (C.B.Clarke) Moldenke; Phytologia 21: 419 (1971)
= Premna odorata var. pierreana (Dop) Moldenke; Phytologia 21: 419 (1971), nom. inval.
= Premna peekelii H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 115 (1919)
= Premna rubens (C.B.Clarke) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 618 (1923)
= Premna rufidula Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 569 (1861)
= Premna ruttenii H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 114 (1919)
= Premna subscandens Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 230 (1906)
= Premna subscandens var. minutiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 20 (1954)
= Premna tomentosa var. detergibilis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 576 (1885)
= Premna tomentosa var. pierreana Dop; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 808 (1935), no latin descr.
= Premna vestita Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 631 (1847)
species :
Premna oligantha C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 434 (1977)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Premna oligotricha Baker; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 292 (1900)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum kibhwesense Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 48 (1952)
= Premna somaliensis Baker; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 289 (1900)
species :
Premna orangeana Capuron; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12(1): 48 (1972)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna paisehensis C.Pei & S.L.Chen; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 211 (1982)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Premna pallescens Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 261 (1929)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan)
42 BOR
species :
Premna parasitica Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 816 (1825)
Distribution: Sumatra [I]; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
42 JAW LSI sum
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira parasitica (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 135 (1844)
= Premna parasitica var. hatusimae Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 18 (1954)
species :
Premna paucinervis (C.B.Clarke) Gamble; Fl. Madras 1095 (1924)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna purpurascens var. paucinervis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 574 (1885)
species :
Premna perplexans Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 403 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna perrieri Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 275 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna pinguis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 579 (1885)
Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura); Bangladesh; Java
40 BAN IND 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira pinguis (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna polita Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 832 (1898)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Premna procumbens Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceylon 45 (1780)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira procumbens (Moon) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna protrusa A.C.Sm. & S.P.Darwin; Fl. Vit. Nova 5: 191 (1991)
Distribution: Fiji (Kandavu, Koro Isl., Lautoka, Mathuata, Matuku, Ovalau, Tailevu, Taveuni, Thakaundrove, Tuvana-i-Tholo Isl., Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Waya); Society Isl. (Moorea, Tahiti); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea)
60 FIJ 61 SCI TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna odorata var. vitiensis Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 6: 554 (1934)
= Premna pyramidata var. vitiensis (Yamam.) Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 163 (1962)
= Premna tahitensis var. vitiensis (Yamam.) Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 393 (1962)
species :
Premna puberula Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17: 701 (1910)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S-Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna martinii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 440 (1912)
= Premna subcordata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 487 (1926) 40: 487 (1926)
variant :
var. bodinieri (H.Lév.) C.Y.Wu & S.Y.Pao; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 422 (1977)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 440 (1912)
= Premna bodinieri H.Lév. ex Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 446, descr. ampl. (1923)
species :
Premna pubescens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 816 (1826)
Distribution: China (S-Guangdong, W-Guangxi, S-Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal); Andaman Isl.; Thailand; Laos; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sebesi, Sumbawa, Timor, Wetar); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; Palau (Babeldaob)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 AND LAO THA 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL SUL SUM XMS 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira lucidula (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira pubescens (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna flavescens var. glabrior C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 578 (1885)
= Premna flavescens var. gmelinoides (Haines) Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 715 (1922)
= Premna gmelinoides Haines; Indian Forester 40: 398 (1914)
= Premna hamiltonii var. gmelinoides (Haines) H.B.Naithani; Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 337 (1990)
= Premna hamiltonii var. gmelinoides (Haines) K.K.Khanna; Fl. Bihar, Analysis 403 (2001), isonym
= Premna lucidula Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 898 (1858)
= Premna nervosa Koord. & Valeton; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 42: 186 (1900)
= Premna pubescens var. odorata H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 153 (1919)
= Premna pubescens var. subglabra H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 153 (1919)
= Premna subscandens var. glabrescens Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 163 (1962)
species :
Premna punduana Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 637 (1847)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira punduana (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Surfacea punduana (Wall. ex Schauer) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(1): 60 (1980)
species :
Premna purpurascens Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 242 (1861)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira purpurascens (Thwaites) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Phaenicanthus zeylanicus Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 242 (1861)
species :
Premna quadrifolia Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 275 (1827)
Distribution: Senegal; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 BEN GHA IVO NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gaertnera ferruginea A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 444 (1920), nomen
= Gaertnera ferruginea A.Chev., Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 272 (1931)
= Gumira quadrifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna mortehanii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 24 (1929)
= Premna quadrifolia var. warneckeana Moldenke; Phytologia 32: 335 (1975)
species :
Premna rabakensis Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 88 (1954)
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
species :
Premna racemosa Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 633 (1847)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Meghalaya, Mizoram, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna racemosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. (1777)
= Surfacea racemosa (Wall. ex Schauer) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(1): 60 (1980)
species :
Premna rajendranii K.M.P.Kumar, Sunilk., Sreeraj & V.T.Antony; Webbia 68(2): 127 (2013)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Premna regularis H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 131 (1919)
Distribution: Philippines; New Guinea (NE-New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristoval)
42 NWG PHI 43 BIS SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna membranacea var. cordata Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 391 (1923)
= Premna novoguineensis Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 87 (1954)
= Premna serratifolia Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 342 (1845), nom. illeg., non L.
= Premna subrotundifolia Elmer ex H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 36 (1921)
species :
Premna repens H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 202 (1938)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 637 (1847)
subspecies :
subsp. resinosa
Distribution: Egypt; NE-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen); India (Gujarat)
20 EGY 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN 35 OMA SAU YEM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira resinosa (Hochst.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Holochiloma resinosum Hochst.; Flora 24: 371 (1841)
= Premna resinosa f. grossedentata Moldenke; Phytologia 28: 101 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. holstii (Gürke) Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Verben. 72 (1992)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna holstii Gürke ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 16 (1894), et in Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 338 (1895)
species :
Premna richardsiae Moldenke; Phytologia 32(4): 335 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Premna rubroglandulosa C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 431 (1977)
Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna scandens Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 82 (1832)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, ?Gujarat, ?Kerala, ?Maharashtra, Meghalaya, ?Odisha, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Pahang)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP 41 AND LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira scandens (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna cordifolia Brandis; Forest Fl. N.W. India [Brandis] 367 (1874), nom. illeg.
= Premna coriacea var. cuneata C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 573 (1885)
= Premna coriacea var. oblonga C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 573 (1885)
= Premna ramosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1774 (1829), nomen
species :
Premna schimperi Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 356 (1892)
Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Tanzania; Mozambique
23 RWA ZAI 24 ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira viburnodes Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna bequaertii Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 421 (1951)
= Premna viburnoides A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 171 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Premna viburnoides var. schimperi (Engl.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 7: 336 (1950)
species :
Premna schliebenii Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 89 (1934)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Premna scoriarum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 219 (1920)
Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); ?Tibet; Myanmar
36 CHI 41 MYA
species :
Premna sebrabergensis Swanepoel, van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk; Phytotaxa 726(3): 156 (2025)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
species :
Premna senensis Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 263 (1861)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana
23 BUR ZAI 24 SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira senensis (Klotzsch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
species :
Premna serrata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 202 (1938)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Premna serratifolia L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 253 (1771)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania (incl. Mafia Isl.); Zanzibar; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, Menai, Mohéli, South); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Îles Glorieuses; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl. Astove Isl.); Seychelles (Cosmoledo, Astove, Mahe, Silhouette); Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); China (Anhui, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hongkong, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl. (Irabu, Iriomote-jima, Ishigakijima, Kohama, Miyakojima, Okinawa Isl., Oshima, Shimoji Isl., Taketomi, Tanegashima); Taiwan; India (Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Penang, Perlis); Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Batu Isl., Simeulue Isl., Sipora Isl., Bangka Isl., Krakatau Isl., Belitung, Kalaotoa Isl., Siberut); Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak, Banguey, Boengoeran, Anambas Isl., Siantan); Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Apo, Babuyan, Batan, Bicawayan, Bohol, Calangaman, Comiran, Fuga, Luzon, Mangsi, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Polillo, Sibuyan); Java (incl. Kangean Isl., Madura Isl., Bokor, Klein Kombuis, Sapeken, Saseel, Sepandjang); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Wetar, Sumba); Moluccas (Ambon, Buru, Seram, Halmaheira, Kei Isl., Morotai, Obi, Sanana, Sula Arch., Timor Laut); Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Fergusson, Goodenough, Schouten); Bismarck Arch. (Manus, Mussau, New Britain, New Ireland); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Maraunibina, San Cristoval, Ulawa, Ysabel, Teop); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl.); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu (Vanua Lava Isl., Efate, Malakula); Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (´Eua, Kao, Lifuka, Niuatoputapu, Nomuka, Tongatapu, Vava´u, Late); Niue; Fiji (Fulanga, Kabara Isl., Kandavu, Koro Isl., Mathuata, Moala, Ovalau, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Waya); Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Goat Isl., Savai´i, Tutuila, ´Upolu, Aleipata Isl.); Tuvalu (Funafuti, Nui Atoll); Gilbert Isl. (Aonteuma, South, Tabiteuea, Butaritati, Tarawa, Onotoa); Nauru; N-Line Isl. (Teraina); Cook Isl. (Aitutaki, Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu); Marquesas Isl. (Ua Huka, Hatutaa, Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Raiatea, Tahaa, Tahiti, Mehetia); Gambier Isl. (Agakauitai, Aukena, Taravai); Tuamotu Arch. (Anaa, Makatea, Niau); Austral Isl. (Raivavae, Rimatara, Rapa Iti, Tubuai, Rurutu); Henderson Isl.; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang, Ngeanges, Peleliu, Angaur, Sonsorol, Tobi, Ngerchong, Ogiwaru, Yap); Northern Marianas (Agrigan, Aguijan, Alamagan, Anatahan, Asuncion, Guam, Guguan, Farallon de Medinilla, Pagan, Saipan, Sarigan, Tinian); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Ant, Ulebsechel, Corol, Dublon, Dublon, Etal, Fais, Falalis, Fefan, Ifalik, Kalap, Kapingamarangi, Kosrae, Lamotrek, Losap, Lukunor, Moch, Moen, Mokil, Na, Namoluk, Namonuito, Nukuoro, Oneop, Pingelap, Piis, Pisarach, Pohnpei, Puluwat, Satawal, Satawan, Ta, Tol, Truk, Ulithi, Woleai, Yap, Taringa, Werua); Marshall Isl. (Ailuk, Bokak, Emylabegan, Ine, Lado, Lae, Majuro, Nawodo, Takleb, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Arno, Jaluit)
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ 29 ALD CGS COM IGL MAU MDG REU ROD SEY 36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NRU NUE NWC ROT SAM SCZ TON TUV VAN WAL 61 AUI COO GBI HEN LIN MRQ SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Remarks: inclusion of many taxa fide Flora Malesiana (2019)
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Citharexylum paniculatum Poir.; Tabl. Encycl. 3: 95 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Cornutia corymbosa Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 132 (1768)
= Gumira abbreviata (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira attenuata (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira ceramensis (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira cyclophylla (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira dallachyana (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira divaricata (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira domestica Hassk.; Flora 25(2, 1. Beibl.): 26 (1842)
= Gumira foetida (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 135 (1844)
= Gumira integrifolia Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 135 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Gumira laevigata (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira limbata (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira mariannarum (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira nauseosa (Blanco) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira nitida (K.Schum.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira opulifolia (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira punctulata (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira truncata (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna abbreviata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 892 (1858)
= Premna acuminatissima Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 284 (1928 publ. 1930), nom. illeg.
= Premna alba H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 115 (1919)
= Premna angustior (C.B.Clarke) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 619 (1923)
= Premna atra Merr.; Phytologia 2: 5 (1941)
= Premna attenuata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
= Premna benguetensis C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 215 (1908)
= Premna benthamiana Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 556 (1928)
= Premna borneensis H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 117 (1919)
= Premna brongersmae H.J.Lam; Blumea 7: 553 (1954)
= Premna capitata A.Meeuse; Blumea 5: 71 (1942), nom. superfl.
= Premna ceramensis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 893 (1858)
= Premna congesta Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 232 (1906)
= Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 632 (1847), nom. illeg., non Rottler & Willd. (1803)
= Premna corymbosa var. angustior (C.B.Clarke) H.R.Fletcher; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 178 (1936)
= Premna corymbosa var. madagascariensis Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 422 (1951)
= Premna corymbosa var. minor (Ridl.) H.R.Fletcher; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 178 (1936)
= Premna corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R.Br.) H.R.Fletcher; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 178 (1936)
= Premna corymbosa var. sambucina (Wall. ex Schauer) Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. Avicenn. 68 (1942)
= Premna cyclophylla Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 899 (1858)
= Premna dallachyana Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 59 (1870)
= Premna dallachyana var. obtusisepala Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 133 (1913)
= Premna dentatifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 85 (1954)
= Premna divaricata Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 631 (1847)
= Premna foetida Reinw. ex Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 816 (1826)
= Premna gaudichaudii Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 631 (1847)
= Premna glabra A.Gray ex Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 31: 80 (1887)
= Premna glandulifera Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 262 (1929)
= Premna glandulosa Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 532 (1922), non P. glandulosa Hand.-Mazz.
= Premna glycycocca F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 36 (1862)
= Premna guillauminii Moldenke; Phytologia 21(4): 253 (1971)
= Premna guillauminii var. serrata Moldenke; Phytologia 21: 253 (1971)
= Premna hircina Wall.; Rep. Calcutta Bot. Gard. to G.A.Bushby 34 (1840)
= Premna integrifolia L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 252 (1771), nom. illeg.
= Premna integrifolia subsp. dentatolabium H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 142 (1919)
= Premna integrifolia subsp. truncatolabium H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 142 (1919)
= Premna integrifolia var. angustior C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 574 (1885)
= Premna integrifolia var. minor Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 619 (1923)
= Premna integrifolia var. obtusifolia (R.Br.) C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 5 (1932)
= Premna integrifolia Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 187 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Premna kunstleri King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 109 (1908)
= Premna laevigata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 895 (1858)
= Premna lamii Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. Avicenn. 79 (1942)
= Premna leucostoma Náves ex Fern.-Vill.; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 3, Nov. App. 4(13A): 159 (1880)
= Premna leytensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 12: 302 (1917)
= Premna limbata Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 59 (1870)
= Premna lucidula Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 263 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Premna macrophylla H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 148 (1919)
= Premna mariannarum f. dentata Moldenke; Phytologia 34(4): 389 (1976)
= Premna mariannarum Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 632 (1847)
= Premna media R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
= Premna membranifolia Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 388 (1913)
= Premna nauseosa Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 489 (1837)
= Premna nitida K.Schum.; Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land [Schumann & Hollrung] 120 (1887)
= Premna obtusifolia f. serratifolia (L.) Moldenke; Phytologia 36: 438 (1977), nom. illeg.
= Premna obtusifolia R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
= Premna obtusifolia var. angustior (C.B.Clarke) Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 87 (1954)
= Premna obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schauer) Moldenke; Phytologia 27(1): 69 (1973)
= Premna obtusifolia var. madagascariensis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 88 (1954)
= Premna obtusifolia var. minor (Ridl.) Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 88 (1954)
= Premna obtusifolia var. pubescens Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 88 (1954)
= Premna obtusifolia var. serratifolia (L.) Moldenke; Phytologia 28: 403 (1974), nom. illeg.
= Premna obtusifolia var. velutina Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 95 (1870)
= Premna octonervia Merr. & F.P.Metcalf; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 354 (1939)
= Premna opulifolia Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 898 (1858)
= Premna ovata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 512 (1810)
= Premna paniculata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 201 (1938)
= Premna papuana Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 136 (1916)
= Premna parviflora H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 41 (1921)
= Premna paulobarbata H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 139 (1919)
= Premna perrottetii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 572 (1885)
= Premna populifolia Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 570 (1861)
= Premna punctulata C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 575 (1885)
= Premna sambucina Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 631 (1847)
= Premna serratifolia var. minor (Ridl.) A.Rajendran & P.Daniel; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 38(1-4): 44 (1996 publ. 2001)
= Premna spinosa Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 77 (1832)
= Premna subcordata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): 216 (1863)
= Premna subglabra Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 234 (1906)
= Premna sumatrana Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 77 (1926)
= Premna syringifolia Zipp. ex H.J.Lam & Bakh.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 37 (1921)
= Premna tahitensis var. rapensis F.Br.; Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 130: 248 (1935)
= Premna tahitensis var. rimatarensis F.Br.; Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 130: 248 (1935)
= Premna taitensis var. marchionica E.H.Br.; Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 130: 248 (1935)
= Premna tateana F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 4: 15 (1891)
= Premna tiliifolia Zipp. ex H.J.Lam & Bakh.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 37 (1921)
= Premna timoriana Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 402 (1834)
= Premna truncata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 215 (1862)
= Premna woodii Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 163 (1962)
= Premna wrayi King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 109 (1908)
= Scrophularioides arborea G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 91 (1786), nomen
species :
Premna siamensis H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 203 (1938)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Premna stenobotrys Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 384 (1940)
Distribution: Laos; N-Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
species :
Premna sterculiifolia King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 108 (1908)
Distribution: +peninsular Malaysia (+Perak)
42 MLY
Remarks: only known from 19th century specimens
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna littoralis King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 107 (1908)
= Premna sterculiifolia var. cordata King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 108 (1908)
species :
Premna sulphurea (Baker) Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 292 (1903)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna colorata Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 833 (1900)
= Vitex sulphurea Baker; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 317 (1900)
species :
Premna sunyiensis C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 84 (1932)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Premna szemaoensis C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 76 (1932)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna tahitensis Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 638 (1847), et ex F. Br. in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130, 248 (1935), descr. emend.
Distribution: Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); Bismarck Arch.; Tonga (Late Isl., Tafahi); ?Niue; Fiji (Ovalau, Viti Levu); Phoenix Isl. (Kanton); Society Isl. (Huahine, Mehetia, Raiatea, Tahaa, Tahiti); Society Isl. (Huahine, Raiatea, Tahaa, Bora Bora, Moorea, Maupiti, Tahiti, Mehetia); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl.)
29 CGS 43 BIS 60 FIJ PHX TON 61 SCI TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira taitensis (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna arborea Farw.; Druggists´ Circ. 63: 50 (1919)
species :
Premna tanganyikensis Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 83 (1959)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Premna tapintzeana Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 836 (1923)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna crassa var. yui Moldenke; Phytologia 18: 421 (1967)
= Premna dopii C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 91 (1932)
= Premna puerensis Y.Y.Qian; Guihaia 11: 123 (1991)
= Premna straminicaulis C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 426 (1977)
= Premna yunnanensis Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 444 (1923)
species :
Premna tenii C.Pei; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1(3) (Verbenac. China): 66 (1932)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna thorelii Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 831 (1923 publ. 1924)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
species :
Premna thwaitesii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 579 (1885)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira thwaitesii (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna micrantha Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 242 (1859)
= Premna thwaitesii f. glabrescens Moldenke; Phytologia 28: 102 (1974)
species :
Premna tomentosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 314 (1800)
Distribution: China (Guangdong); India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, ?Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Coron, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, Santiago); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); New Guinea; Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal); Australia (Queensland: Cape York peninsula)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira adenosticta (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira cardiophylla (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira cumingiana (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 507 (1891)
= Gumira pyramidata (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna adenosticta Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 630 (1847)
= Premna cardiophylla Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 638 (1847)
= Premna cordata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 489 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Premna cumingiana f. cordata Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 162 (1962)
= Premna cumingiana f. dentata Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 14 (1954)
= Premna cumingiana f. glabrescens Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 14 (1954)
= Premna cumingiana Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 634 (1847)
= Premna flavescens Juss.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 77 (1806)
= Premna flavida Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 570 (1861)
= Premna hylandiana Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 7(1): 29 (1984)
= Premna involucrata Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 85 (1954)
= Premna involucrata var. thailandica Moldenke; Phytologia 43(1): 197 (1979)
= Premna latifolia Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 242 (1859)
= Premna pyramidata Wall. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 633 (1847)
= Premna stellata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 203 (1916)
= Premna tomentosa f. jejuna Moldenke; Phytologia 41: 105 (1978)
species :
Premna trichostoma Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 892 (1858)
Distribution: Cambodia; peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; +Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Simeulue Isl.); Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi; Philippines (Camiguin de Misamis, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, Samar, Basilan); Java (incl. Kangean Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas (Morotai); New Guinea
41 CBD THA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira trichostoma (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna areolata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 73 (1915)
= Premna cowanii Hatus. ex Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 12 (1954)
= Premna ledermannii H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 159 (1919)
= Premna moluccana Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 86 (1954)
= Premna oblongata f. longituba H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 128 (1919)
= Premna oblongata var. subglabra H.J.Lam; Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. 127 (1919)
= Premna oblongifolia Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29: 48 (1904)
= Premna oblongifolia var. angustata Moldenke; Phytologia 43: 252 (1979)
= Premna oblongifolia var. clemensorum Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 16 (1954)
= Premna oblongifolia var. major H.J.Lam; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 40 (1921)
= Premna oblongifolia var. subglabra (H.J.Lam) Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 16 (1954)
= Premna perakensis King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 107 (1908)
= Premna quadridentata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 201 (1938)
= Premna ridleyi King & Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 109 (1908)
= Premna williamsii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 74 (1915)
= Wendlandia papuana Lauterb.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 390 (1905)
species :
Premna urticifolia Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 458 (1917)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Premna velutina Gürke; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 338 (1895)
Distribution: Burundi; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique
23 BUR 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Premna venulosa Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 319 (1950)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Premna vietnamensis Bo Li; PLoS ONE 13(5): e0195811 (5) (2018)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Premna wightiana Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 635 (1847)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gumira thyrsoidea (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Gumira wightiana (Schauer) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
= Premna thyrsoidea Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1485 (1849)
species :
Premna wui Boufford & B.M.Barthol.; Phytoneuron 2012-80: 1 (2012), nom. nov.
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Premna cordiformis Li Bing Zhang & Yi F.Duan; Phytotaxa 170(4): 281 (2014), nom. nov. superfl.
= Premna velutina C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 1: 428 (1977) non Gürke
= Premna wuana Qiang Wang; Fl. Pan-Himalaya 44(1): 155 (2019), nom. superfl.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life