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252.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Fu et al. (2026)
Species listed in database: 2091; hybrids: 6
= Boehmerioideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 521 (1880)
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Cecropioideae Romaniuc; Albertoa n. s. 4: 13 (1999)
= Conocephaloideae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 1: 71, 93 (1888)
= Lecanthoideae Kravtsova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 92: 22 (2007)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
= Parietarioideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 522 (1880)
= Ureroideae Luerss.; Handb. Syst. Bot. [Luerssen] 2: 521 (1880)
= Urticoideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 129 (1832)
252.0601 Genus Procris Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 403 (1789)
Distribution: Tropical Old World. Borders to Elatostema sometimes unclear.
Species listed in database: 24
= Polychroa Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 559 (1790)
= Sciophila Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493, t. 120 (1826)
species :
Procris acaulis (Hook.f.) B.J.Conn & Hadiah; Gard. Bull. Singapore 63(1-2): 158 (2011)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Penang)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Pellionia acaulis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 562 (1888)
species :
Procris anfracta (A.C.Sm.) A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 25 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema anfractum A.C.Sm.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 141: 58 (1936)
species :
Procris archboldiana A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 25 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Procris boninensis Tuyama; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 371 (1935)
Distribution: Ogasawara Isl. (Hahajima)
38 OGA
species :
Procris brunnea Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 5 (1916)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Remarks: possibly a synonym of P. frutescens
species :
Procris crenata C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 507 (1910 publ. 1911)
Distribution: ?Guinea; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; NE-D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; S-Uganda; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores; China (S-Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, SW-Guizhou, S-Sichuan, SW-Yunnan); S-Tibet; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Shan); Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao)
23 ANN BIO CMN PRI RWA SAO ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM 29 COM MDG 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD MYA NCB VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema gagnepainianum H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 83(1): 9, 18 (1935), in obs, et in Feddes Repert. 83(2): 91 (1936)
= Elatostema wightianum Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 188 (1854)
= Pellionia procridioides Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 924 (1928 publ. 1929)
= Procris cuneata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 509 (1826)
= Procris lagunensis C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 506 (1910 publ. 1911)
= Procris philippinensis C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 505 (1910 publ. 1911)
= Procris rhizantha Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 81 (1929)
= Procris wightiana (Wedd.) Baill.; Monogr. Pipérac. Urtic. 501 (1871)
= Procris wightiana (Wedd.) Wall. ex H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 191 (1938), cum descr.
= Procris wightiana Wall. ex Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 336 (1856), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Procris curtisii (Ridl.) B.J.Conn & Hadiah; Gard. Bull. Singapore 63(1-2): 158 (2011)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema curtisii (Ridl.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 83(1): 18 (1935), in obs, et in Feddes Repert. Beih. 83(2): 35 (1936)
= Pellionia curtisii Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 196 (1920)
species :
Procris decurrens (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 54 (1988)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema decurrens H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 565 (1922)
species :
Procris dolichophylla Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 369 (1913)
Distribution: Philippines (Leyte, Panay, Negros, Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Procris frutescens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 510 (1826), et ex H. Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 272 (1938), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl.); Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor); Philippines (Luzon, Negros, Mindanao); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Solomon Isl.
41 NCB VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY PHI 43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema frutescens (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 79 (1844)
= Elatostema frutescens var. parvifolia Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 83: 470 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Procris frutescens var. nervosa Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2863 (1915)
= Procris pseudostrigosa Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 284 (1908)
= Sciophila frutescens (Blume) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493, t. 493 (1826), in nota absque diagn.
variant :
var. caudatum (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 54 (1988)
Distribution: Malesia
Error
variant :
var. novoguineensis Valeton; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 10: 7 (1907)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
variant :
var. parvifolia Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 83: 470 (1979 publ. 1980)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
variant :
var. sculptum (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 54 (1988)
Distribution: Malesia
Error
species :
Procris goepeliana (A.C.Sm.) A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 26 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Pellionia goepeliana A.C.Sm.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 141: 56 (1936)
species :
Procris grueningii (H.J.P.Winkl.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 188 (in clavi), et 269 (1938)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema grueningii H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 563 (1922)
= Procris grueningii (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 55 (1988), isonym
= Procris grueningii var. krausei (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 55 (1988)
species :
Procris insularis H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 288 (1938)
Distribution: Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Seychelles
29 COM SEY
species :
Procris langbianensis Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 557 (1928)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Procris mindanaensis H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 189, in clavi, 281 (1938)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Procris pedunculata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 191 (1869) ex H. Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 259 (1938), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius; La Réunion; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Pahang, Selangor); Sulawesi; Philippines; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland: Cape York peninsula); New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl.); New Caledonia; Rotuma Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Tonga (´Eua); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tokelau (Nukunonu, Fakaofo, Swains Isl.); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Ngaputoru Group); Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea, Huahine, Raiatea); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl.); Austral Isl. (Rimatara, Tubuai, Raivavae); Henderson Isl.; Palau (Koror, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel, Ngeanges, Angaur); Northern Marianas (Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Fefan, Losap, Satawan, Ant, Pohnpei, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Jaluit, Ebon)
29 COM MAU MDG REU 41 THA 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL XMS 43 SOL 50 AUS 51 NZL 60 ASA FIJ NWC ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON VAN WAL 61 AUI COO HEN MRQ SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria cephalida (Comm. ex Poir.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 556 (1807)
= Boehmeria succosa Miq. ex Schröt.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 260 (1938), pro syn.
= Dorstenia lucida G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 11 (1786), nom. illeg.
= Elatostema crassifolium Blume ex H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 260 (1938), pro syn.
= Elatostema laevigatum (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 79 (1844)
= Elatostema lucidum Guill.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 184 (1837)
= Elatostema pedunculatum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 1: 53 (1775)
= Elatostema pedunculatum var. puberulum Hallier f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 61 (1906)
= Elatostema ponapense H.J.P.Winkl. ex H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 271 (1938)
= Elatostema succosum Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 23 (1851)
= Elatostema torresiana Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493 (1830)
= Procris axillaris J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 267 (1791)
= Procris cephalida Comm. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 629 (1804)
= Procris humblotii H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 270 (1938)
= Procris integrifolia Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 299 (1837)
= Procris laevigata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 508, 510 (1826)
= Procris longifolia Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 508 (1826)
= Procris lucida (G.Forst.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 846 (1826)
= Procris obovata Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 3: 254 (1888)
= Procris pedunculata var. humblotii (H.Schroet.) Leandri; Fl. Madagasc. 56: 69 (1965)
= Procris pedunculata var. stokesii F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 48 (1935)
= Procris pedunculatum (Forst.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 55 (1988), without basionym ref.
= Procris ponapensis H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 271 (1938)
= Procris torresiana (Gaudich.) Endl.; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 165, no. 879 (1836)
= Sciophila cephalida (Comm. ex Poir.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493, t. 494 (1826)
= Sciophila salicifolia Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493, t. 494 (1826)
= Sciophila torresiana Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 493, t. 120 (1826)
= Urtica biloba Regel; Cat. Pl. Hort. Aksakov. 144 (1860)
variant :
var. angustum (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 55 (1988)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
variant :
var. ornata A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 25 (1942)
Distribution: ?Solomon Isl.; ?Vanuatu; Tonga (´Eua); Niue; Fiji; Futuna Isl.
60 FIJ NUE TON
species :
Procris pilifera (H.J.P.Winkl.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 270 (1938)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema piliferum H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 535 (1922)
species :
Procris puberula (Hallier f.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 189, in clavi, 285 (1938)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema puberulum Hallier f. [Meded.Lands Plantentuin 19: 595 (1898), nomen]
species :
Procris rectangulare (H.J.P.Winkl.) R.J.Johns; Flow. Pl. Papuasia: Dicot. 2: 54 (1988)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema rectangulare H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 566 (1922)
species :
Procris repens (Lour.) B.J.Conn & Hadiah; Gard. Bull. Singapore 63(1-2): 160 (2011)
Distribution: Benin [I]; China (Hainan, Yunnan); India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra [I]); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan); +Singapore; Sumatera; Philippines [I]; Jawa; Guam [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]
22 ben 36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA VIE 42 JAW MLY phi SNG SUM 62 gum 80 hon 81 cub his
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema daveauana (God.-Leb.) Hallier f.; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13: 316 (1896)
= Elatostema gibbosum Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 104 (1873)
= Elatostema pulchrum (N. E. Br.) Hallier f.; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13: 316 (1896)
= Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f.; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13: 316 (1896)
= Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f. ex H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 83(2): 25 (1936), descr. ampl.
= Elatostema repens var. pulchrum (N.E.Br.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 83(2): 26 (1936)
= Elatostema repens var. viride (N.E.Br.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 83(2): 26 (1936)
= Pellionia annamica Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 918 (1928 publ. 1929)
= Pellionia begoniifolia O.Krause; Planta 12: 70 (1931)
= Pellionia daveauana (God.-Leb.) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 14: 262 (1880)
= Pellionia daveauana var. viridis N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 18: 712 (1882)
= Pellionia pulchra N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 18: 712 (1882)
= Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 6(4): 326 (1928)
= Polychroa repens Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 559-560 (1790)
= Procris gibbosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7273 (1831)
species :
Procris reticulatovenosa (Hallier f.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 189 (1938)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema reticulatovenosum Hallier f. [Meded.Rijks-Herb.26: 1 (1915)]
species :
Procris ruhlandii H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190, in clavi, 286 (1938)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
42 LSI
Remarks: last collected in 1918
species :
Procris urdanetensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2865 (1915)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Procris visciformis (Hallier f.) H.Schroet.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 190 (1938)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema visciforme Hallier f. [Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.2: 61 (1906)]
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life