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458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1083; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.6601 Genus Pycnocomon Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 93, t. 88 (1820)
Distribution: W-Mediterranean
Species listed in database: 2
species :
Pycnocomon intermedium (Lag.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 15(1): 76 (1985)
Distribution: S- & C-Portugal; S- & SW-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus intermedius Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Cephalaria plumosa (Link) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 53 (1818)
= Lomelosia intermedia (Lag.) Avino & P.Caputo; Pl. Syst. Evol. 279(1-4): 83 (2009)
= Pterocephalus broussonetii Coult. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 653 (1830)
= Pterocephalus intermedius (Lag.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 594 (1913)
= Pterocephalus lusitanicus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 653 (1830)
= Scabiosa broussonetii (Coult. ex DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 448 (1839)
= Scabiosa intermedia (Lag.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 76 (1818)
= Scabiosa lusitanica (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 448 (1839)
= Scabiosa plumosa Link; Neues J. Bot. 2(2): 300 (1807), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa tenuifolia Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), nom. illeg.
species :
Pycnocomon rutifolium (Vahl) Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 94, t. 88 (1820-1834)
Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain; Gibraltar; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 COR GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus rutifolius (Vahl) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 205 (1826)
= Asterocephalus urceolatus (Desf.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 382 (1824)
= Lomelosia rutifolia (Vahl) Avino & P.Caputo; Pl. Syst. Evol. 279(1-4): 83 (2009)
= Pycnocomon montanum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 64 (1874) ex Batt. & Trab., Fl. de l´Alger. Dicot. 417 (1889)
= Pycnocomon rutifolium var. baeticum (Boiss.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 22 (1865)
= Scabiosa baetica Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 58 (1838)
= Scabiosa divaricata Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 250 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa montana (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 417 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa rutifolia Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 26 (1791)
= Scabiosa rutifolia var. boetica Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 62 (1861), nomen
= Scabiosa urceolata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 122 (1798)
= Scabiosa urceolata var. bipinnatisecta Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 298 (1840)
= Tereiphas rutifolia (Sw.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
= Tereiphas urceolata (Desf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life