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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.3249 Genus Rhaponticoides Vaill.; Königl. Akad. Wiss. Paris Phys. Abh. 5: 165 (1754), nom. cons.
Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean, Asia to Himalaya.
Species listed in database: 34
= Bielzia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 409 (1866)
species :
Rhaponticoides africana (Lam.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), et Med-Checkl. 2: 689 (2008)
Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; NW- & SW-Spain; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
12 POR SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea africana Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 664 (1785)
= Centaurea africana var. tagana (Brot.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 53 (1931)
= Centaurea elata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 150 (1811)
= Centaurea simplex Cav.; Anales Ci. Nat. 4: 95 (1801)
= Centaurea tagana Brot.; Phytogr. Lusitan. Select. (1801) 1: 13 (1801)
= Centaurea tagana var. africana (Lam.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 493 (1889), nom. superfl.
= Centaurea tagana var. elata (Poir.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 566 (1838)
= Centaurea tagana var. legitima (Brot.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 566 (1838), nom. inval.
= Centaurium africanum (Lam.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 58: 10 (1827)
= Centaurium taganum (Brot.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 32 (1874)
species :
Rhaponticoides alaica (Iljin) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 24 (2019)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea alaica Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 69 (1937)
species :
Rhaponticoides alpina (L.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), et Med-Checkl. 2: 689 (2008)
Name: Alpen-Flockenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; C- & E-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Algeria
11 ger 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT SLV SRB 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea alpina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 910 (1753)
= Centaurea baldensis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 481 (1807)
= Centaurea linaresii Lázaro Ibiza; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 29: 152 (1900)
= Centaurium alpinum (L.) Gillet & Magne; Nouv. Fl. Franç. [Gillet], ed. 1(reissue): 212 (1863)
= Centaurium officinale Gillet & Magne; Nouv. Fl. Franç. [Gillet], ed. 1(reissue): 212 (1863)
= Rhaponticoides linaresii (Lázaro Ibiza) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
species :
Rhaponticoides amasiensis (Bornm.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), et Med-Checkl. 2: 689 (2008)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea amasiensis Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 54 (1906)
species :
Rhaponticoides amplifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Killini: Flambouritsa valley); ?SE-Bulgaria
13 GRC
Remarks: extremely rare, rediscovered in 1993
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea amplifolia Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(3): 68 (1856)
species :
Rhaponticoides androssovii (Iljin) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 19 (2019)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea androssovii Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 70 (1937)
species :
Rhaponticoides aytachii Bagci et al.; Nordic J. Bot. 27: 479 (2009)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Rhaponticoides bachtiarica (Boiss. & Hausskn.) L.Martins; Candollea 62(1): 43 (2007) ex Negaresh, Phytotaxa 213: 97 (2015)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Serratula bachtiarica Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 587 (1875)
species :
Rhaponticoides calabrica Puntillo & Peruzzi; Folia Geobot. 44: 192 (2009)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
species :
Rhaponticoides centaurium (L.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: SC-Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea atropurpurea St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 65, 122 (1880), nom. illeg.
= Centaurea centaurium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 910 (1753)
= Centaurium majus Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 205 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 788 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 788 (1908)
= Centaurium officinale Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 7: 378 (1827)
= Chryseis centaurium (L.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 606 (1833)
species :
Rhaponticoides dschungarica (C.Shih) L.Martins; Fl. China 20-21: 189 (2011)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang: Tian Shan)
32 KGZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea dschungarica C.Shih; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(2): 65, photo. 4 (1984)
species :
Rhaponticoides eriosiphon (Emb. & Maire) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea eriosiphon Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. (Arch. Sci. Maroc), Fasc. I. 4 (1929), et Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 39 (1930)
species :
Rhaponticoides fraylensis (Nyman) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: SW-Portugal; SW-Spain (Cadiz)
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea carrissoi Rothm.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 13: 281 (1939)
= Centaurea fraylensis Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 420 (1879)
= Centaurea vicentina Welw. ex Henriq.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 223 t. 2 (1892)
= Rhaponticoides carrissoi (Rothm.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
species :
Rhaponticoides gokceoglui Çinbilgel, Eren & H.Duman; Phytotaxa 170(2): 126 (2014)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Rhaponticoides gontscharovii (Iljin) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 22 (2019)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea gontscharovii Iljin; Izv. Tadzhikistansk. Bazy Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1(1): 70 (1933)
species :
Rhaponticoides hajastana (Tzvelev) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), et 51(1): 146 (2021)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea hajastana Tzvelev; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 19: 411 (1959)
species :
Rhaponticoides hierroi Eren; Pl. Syst. Evol. 267: 15 (2007)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Rhaponticoides iconiensis (Hub.-Mor.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea iconiensis Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 7: 77 (1981)
species :
Rhaponticoides kasakorum (Iljin) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: E-European Russia; W-Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; China (Xinjiang)
14 RUS 32 KAZ TKM 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea kasakorum Iljin; Fl. Iugo-Vost. Evr. Chasti S.S.S.R. 6: 425 (1936), rossice, et in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 66 (1937), latine.
species :
Rhaponticoides kultiassovii (Iljin) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 14 (2019)
Distribution: Kazakhstan (Karatau)
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea kultiassovii Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 68 (1937)
species :
Rhaponticoides lachnopus (Rech.f.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 213(1): 89 (2015)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea lachnopus Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 152, f. 1 (1940)
= Phaeopappus lachnopus (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 55: 285 (1947)
= Tomanthea lachnopus (Rech.f.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 48 (1962)
species :
Rhaponticoides lasiopoda (Popov & Kult.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 16 (2019)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Tianshan); Tajikistan; Pakistan (Chitral)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea lasiopoda Popov & Kult.; Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 3: 1 10 (1928)
species :
Rhaponticoides modesti (Fed.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 24 (2019)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (N-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghorat); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea modesti Fed.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 37 (1948)
species :
Rhaponticoides mykalea (Hub.-Mor.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea mykalea Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 6: 370 (1979)
species :
Rhaponticoides nuriae Homrani-Bakali & Susanna; Phytotaxa 659(1): 98 (2024)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Rhaponticoides phyllopoda (Iljin) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422(1): 16 (2019)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea phyllopoda Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 67 (1937)
species :
Rhaponticoides pythiae (Azn. & Bornm.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea pythiae Azn. & Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 37: 48 (1927)
species :
Rhaponticoides razdorskyi (Karjagin ex Sosn.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 237 (2005), et 51(1): 146 (2021)
Distribution: Azerbaijan
33 AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea razdorskyi Karjagin ex Sosn.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 386, 607 (1963)
species :
Rhaponticoides ruthenica (Lam.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
13 ROM 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Bielzia schwarzenbergiana (Schur) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 409 (1866)
= Centaurea ruthenica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 663 (1785)
= Centaurea ruthenica var. binnatifida Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 371 (1866)
= Centaurea ruthenica var. lyrata Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 372 (1866)
= Centaurea schwarzenbergiana Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 6: 4 (1855)
= Centaurium ruthenicum (Lam.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 58: 10 (1827)
= Rhaponticoides ruthenica var. binnatifida (Trautv.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 422: 27 (2019)
species :
Rhaponticoides schmidii (Wagenitz) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 213(1): 92 (2015)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea schmidii Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 330, t. 304 (1980)
species :
Rhaponticoides taliewii (Kleopow) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; W-Kazakhstan
14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea taliewii Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 5-6: 87 (1927)
= Centaurea korshinskyi Iljin; Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 354 (1931 publ. 1932)
species :
Rhaponticoides tamanianae (M.V.Agab.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea tamanianiae M.V.Agab.; Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 42(3): 187 (1989)
species :
Rhaponticoides wagenitziana (Bancheva & Kit Tan) M.V.Agab. & Greuter; Willdenowia 39(2): 337 (2010)
Distribution: Bulgaria; Turkey
13 BUL 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea wagenitziana Bancheva & Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 15(1): 52 (2009)
species :
Rhaponticoides zaissanica Kupr., Ebel & Khrustaleva; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 121: 26 (2020)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life