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Ver. 19.3
May 18th, 2024

264.0000 Family Sapindaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 246 (1789), nom. cons.
157 genera, ca. 1900 spp. Systematics following Buerki et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1949; hybrids: 16
= Aceraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 250 (1789), nom. cons.
= Aesculaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 891, 1093, 1126 (1835)
= Allophylaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Dodonaeaceae Kunth ex Small; Fl. S. E. U. S.: 724, 737 (1903), nom. cons.
= Hippocastanaceae A.Rich.; Bot. Méd.: 680 (1823), nom. cons.
= Koelreuteriaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 227 (1858)
= Ornitrophaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 443 (1820)
= Paviaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 100 (1834)
= Xanthocerataceae Buerki, Callm. & Lowry; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 143: 155 (2010), Family
264.4511 Genus Sapindus L.; Sp. Pl. 367 (1753)
Distribution: Tropical and subtropical Asia, Oceania, America (absent in Africa and Australia)
Species listed in database: 13
= Aphania Blume; Bijdr. 236 (1825)
= Didymococcus Blume; Rumphia 3: 103, in obs. (1847)
= Dittelasma Hook.f.; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. 1: 395 (1862)
= Electra Noronha; Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: (1790) ed. I. Art. IV. 2
= Scorodendron Blume; Rumphia 3: 149 (1847)
= Thraulococcus Radlk.; Sitzb. Math.-Phys. Akad. Münch. viil. 246 (1878)
species :
Sapindus chrysotrichus Gagnep.; Not. Syst., ed. Humbert 13: 67 (1947)
Distribution: Cambodia; C-Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
species :
Sapindus delavayi (Franch.) Radlk.; Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 20: 233 (1890)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pancovia delavayi Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 461 (1886)
species :
Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beech. Voy. 281 (excl. var.) (1837)
Name: Western soapberry
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Durango, Sonora, Coahuila, etc.)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus saponaria subsp. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 31 (1983)
= Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.D.Benson; Amer. J. Bot. 30: 239 (1943)
species :
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl; Symb. Bot. 3: 54 (1794)
Distribution: Pakistan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman & Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Myanmar
40 IND PAK SRL 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus laurifolius var. emarginatus (Vahl) Cooke; Fl. Bombay Pres. 1: 267 (1902)
= Sapindus trifoliatus var. emarginatus (Vahl) Radlk.; Engl., Das Pflanzenr. 98 (1956)
species :
Sapindus lippoldii I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 308 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus grandifolia Lippold; Feddes Repert. 85(9-10): 628 (1974), non Engelh. (1881)
species :
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.; Fruct. 1: 342, t. 70, f. 3 g, h (1788)
Name: Chinese soapberry
Distribution: Mozambique [I]; China (E-, S- to SW-China); South Korea [I]; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima); Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar (Magway); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; USA [I] (Georgia [I])
26 moz 36 CHI 38 JAP kor NNS OGA 40 IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus abruptus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 238 (1790)
= Sapindus acuminatus Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 139 (1835)
= Sapindus boninensis Tuyama; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 49: 449 (1935)
= Sapindus detergens Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 29 (1814) nom. nud., Fl. Ind. 2: 280 (1832)
= Sapindus emarginatus Anon.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 67: 303 (1895), nom. illeg.
= Sapindus indicus Poir.; Encyc. 6: 667 (1805)
= Sapindus mukorossi var. carinatus Radlk.; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 165: 653 (1932)
= Sapindus oocarpus Radlk.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 302 (1910)
= Sapindus polyphyllus Roxb.; Hort. Bengal.: 29 (1814), nom. nud.
= Sapindus utilis Trab.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 67: 196 (1895)
species :
Sapindus oahuensis Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. 85 (1888)
Distribution: Hawaii (northwest Kauai, Oahu)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus lonomea H.St.John; Pacific Sci. 26(3): 283 (1972)
= Sapindus oahuensis Hillebr. ex Radlk.; Sitzb. Math-Phys. Akad. Münch. 8: 401 (1878)
species :
Sapindus rarak DC.; Prodr. 1: 608 (1824)
Distribution: Seychelles [I]; China (Yunnan); Taiwan; Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
29 sey 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND srl 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cupania oblongifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(I): 587 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Dittelasma rarak (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. 1: 396 (1862)
= Dittelasma rarak (DC.) Hiern; Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 672 (1875)
= Sapindus angustifolius Blume; Rumphia 3: 99 (1847 publ. 1849)
= Sapindus detergens Wall.; Numer. List: no. 8042 (1847), nom. inval.
= Sapindus fuscatus Buch.-Ham. ex Hiern; Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 685 (1875)
= Sapindus rarak var. velutinus C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnanica 1: 261 (1977)
= Sapindus saponaria Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 238 (1790), sensu auct.
species :
Sapindus saponaria L.; Sp. Pl. 367 (1753)
Name: Wingleaf soapberry, Arrayán; Jaboncillo, Mate negro (Cuba), Canica, Cerote, Chorote, Jaboncillo, Mata chivo, Mata de chivo, Palo amargo, Palo de jabon (Dominican Republic), Bois savonette, Bois savonette pays, Graine canique, Graines canique, Grenaillit, Grenalit, Mobin batard, Savonette, Savonette pays (Haiti), Soap berry, Soap berry tree (Jamaica), Black nicker tree, Bois blanc, Bois-mousseux, Saponaire, Savonnette, Soap tree, Soapberry tree (Lesser Antilles), Jaboncillo, Saponaria (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I]); Benin [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Angola [I]; Mauritius [I]; Seychelles [I]; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, Imohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima); Bangladesh [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Clarion); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; +Clipperton Isl.; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl. (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda); Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, Virgin Gorda); St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, Sucre, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); ?Guyana; Surinam; ?French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe); Chile (Arica y Parinacota)
21 cvi 22 ben 23 ann 26 ang 29 mau sey 38 KZN OGA 40 ban 41 lao vie 42 lsi phi 61 eas 63 haw 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ CLI COS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STE STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cupania saponarioides Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 61 (1788)
= Sapindus acuminatus Raf.; New Fl. Am. 3: 22 (1836)
= Sapindus alatus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 280 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Sapindus amolli Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1(App.): 60 (1888)
= Sapindus balicus Radlk.; Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 396 (1878)
= Sapindus divaricatus Hoffmanns. ex Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 6: 419 (1831), nom. inval.
= Sapindus divaricatus Willd. ex A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Mer. 1: 390 (1825)
= Sapindus falcatus Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 261 (1830)
= Sapindus forsythii DC.; Prodr. 1: 607 (1824)
= Sapindus inaequalis DC.; Prodr. 1: 608 (1824)
= Sapindus laurifolius Balb. ex DC.; Prodr. 1: 608 (1824)
= Sapindus manatensis Shuttlew. ex Radlk.; Sitzb. Math.-Phys. Akad. Münch. 8: 318 (1878)
= Sapindus marginatus Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. 432 (1809)
= Sapindus mauritianus Radlk.; Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 361 (1878)
= Sapindus microcarpus Jard.; Essai Fl. Matquises: 25 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 312 (1843)
= Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 312 (1843)
= Sapindus peruvianus Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 312 (1843)
= Sapindus pinnatus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 3 (1768)
= Sapindus rigidus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 2 (1768)
= Sapindus saponaria f. microcarpus Radlk.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 13(3): 517 (1900)
= Sapindus saponaria subf. rigidus Radlk.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 13(3): 517 (1900)
= Sapindus saponaria var. thurstonii (Rock) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 244 (1926)
= Sapindus stenopterus DC.; Prodr. 1: 607 (1824)
= Sapindus thurstonii Rock; Bull. Div. Forest. Board Commiss. Agric. Forest. Hawaii 1: 6 (1911)
= Sapindus turczaninowii S.Vidal; Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños. Filip., Atlas: xxi, t. 34, f. A (1883)
variant :
var. jardiniana F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 160 (1935)
Distribution: Cook Isl. (Mauke); Marquesas Isl. (Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea, Tahaa, Bora Bora, Raiatea); Tuamotu Arch.; Pitcairn Isl.
61 COO MRQ PIT SCI TUA
species :
Sapindus sonlaensis H.M.Tam, N.K.Khoi, N.T.Cuong & T.B.Tran; Brittonia 66(2): 131 (2013)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Sapindus tomentosus Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 44(2): 185, 186, 204 (1875)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pancovia tomentosa (Kurz) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 1: 296 (1877)
species :
Sapindus trifoliatus L.; Sp. Pl. 367 (1753)
Distribution: Rodrigues [I]; Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut); India (Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay); Java [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
29 rod 35 YEM 40 BAN IND SRL 41 MYA 42 jaw 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Sapindus abstergens Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 111 (1834)
= Sapindus acutus Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 111 (1834)
= Sapindus laurifolius Vahl; Symb. Bot. 3: 54 (1794)
= Sapindus maduriensis Perr.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 144 (1825)
= Sapindus mollis Blume; Rumphia 3: 98 (1847 publ. 1849)
species :
Sapindus vitiensis A.Gray; Bot. U. St. Expl. Exped. 1: 251 (1854)
Distribution: Tonga [I] (´Eua [I]); Vanuatu [I]; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); [Western] Samoa [I] (Aleipata Islands [I], ´Upolu [I])
60 FIJ sam ton van WAL
Remarks: kept separate from S. saponaria by Whistler (2022)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (May 18th, 2024)

Covering 354,831 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,461 synonyms,
in total 1,407,705* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life