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255.0000 Family Cucurbitaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 393 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 100 genera, ca. 1050 spp. Phylogeny: Schaefer & Renner (2011)
Species listed in database: 1084; hybrids: 3
= Bryoniaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 6, 112 (1836)
= Cyclantheraceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 716, 980 (1870)
= Nhandirobaceae T.Lestib.; Botanogr. Élém. 515 (1826)
= Zanoniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 28, 29 (1829)
255.1513 Genus Solena Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 514 (1790)
Distribution: Afghanistan, Himalayas, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, SW-China, Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia, Australia
Species listed in database: 4
= Juchia M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2(Syn. Pepon.): 11 (1846)
= Karivia Arn.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 275 (1841)
species :
Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi; Fl. Hassan Distr. [Saldanha & Nicolson] 179 (1976)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Bryonia amplexicaulis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1(2): 496 (1785)
= Bryonia solena Mirb. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 233 (1841)
= Cucurbita sagittata (Blume) Klein ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 452 (1841)
= Harlandia bryonioides Hance; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 648 (1852)
= Juchia hastata M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2(Syn. Pepon.): 48 (1846)
= Karivia amplexicaulis (Lam.) Arn.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 275 (1841)
= Karivia sinuosa M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2(Syn. Pepon.): 46 (1846)
= Melothria amplexicaulis (Lam.) Cogn.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 3: 621 (1881)
= Momordica tubulosa Buch.-Ham. ex Naudin; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 12: 136 (1859)
= Zehneria filiformis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: t. 655 (1856)
species :
Solena delavayi (Cogn.) C.Y.Wu; Fl. Xizang. 4: 553 (1984)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Melothria delavayi Cogn.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.275.I, Heft 66 (Cucurb.-Fevill.-Melothr.): 124 (1916)
species :
Solena heterophylla Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 514-515 (1790)
subspecies :
subsp. heterophylla
Distribution: Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Kurram, Drosh, Chitral, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Terengganu, Pahang); Java
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY
Remarks: often included in S. amplexicaulis s. lat.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bryonia hastata Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 594 (1790)
= Bryonia heterophylla (Lour.) Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 282 (1797)
= Bryonia rheedei Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 925 (1826)
= Bryonia sagittata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 925 (1826)
= Karivia rheedei (Blume) M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2(Syn. Pepon.): 45 (1846)
= Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. (1888) 243, Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Indie. 1(2): 596 (1890)
= Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 3: 618 (1881)
= Melothria marginata var. heterophylla (Lour.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 1: 596 (1890)
= Melothria ovata Cogn.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.275.I, Heft 66 (Cucurb.-Fevill.-Melothr.): 114 (1916)
= Momordica heterophylla "Cogn." ex Forbes & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 318 (1887)
= Zehneria connivens Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: t. 656 (1856)
= Zehneria hastata Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 398, Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 656 (1851)
= Zehneria heterophylla (Lour.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 653 (1917)
subspecies :
subsp. napaulensis (Ser.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes; Blumea 49(1): 75 (2004)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Bryonia napaulensis Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 307 (1828)
= Bryonia wallichiana Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 309 (1828)
= Melothria heterophylla var. napaulensis (C.B.Clarke) Dhaliwal & M.Sharma; Fl. Kullu Distr. (Himachal Pradesh): 302 (1999)
= Zehneria umbellata var. napaulensis (Ser.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 625 (1879)
species :
Solena umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes; Blumea 49(1): 77 (2004)
Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Remarks: often included in S. amplexicaulis s. lat.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bryonia teedonda Roxb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 618 (1805), nomen
= Bryonia tricuspidata Lesch. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 275 (1841)
= Bryonia umbellata J.G.Klein ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 618 (1805)
= Karivia umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Arn.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 275 (1841)
= Karivia umbellata (Klein ex Willd.) Arn.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 275 (1841)
= Melothria angulata Chakrav.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: 899 (1952)
= Momordica umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 710 (1832)
= Solena angulata (Chakrav.) Babu; Herbac. Fl. Dehra Dun 203 (1977)
= Solena angulata (Chakrav.) M.Bieb. ex Raizada; Suppl. Fl. Gangetic Plain 5: 80 (1976)
= Zehneria angulata (Chakrav.) J.L.Ellis; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 9: 8 (1968)
= Zehneria umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 125 (1859)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.11 (Nov. 11th, 2025)

Covering 357,753 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,578* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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