491.0000
Family
Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.3068
Genus
Spermacoce L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 102 (1753)
Distribution: Tropical America, trop. Africa (49), trop. Asia, Australia. The genus remains polyphyletic and needs to be split in two (one Australia/America and one Africa and Asia
Species listed in database: 162
= Arbulocarpus Tennant; Kew Bull. [12]: 386 (1957 publ. 1958)
= Chenocarpus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 202 (1790)
= Covolia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 201 (1790)
= Dasycephala (DC.) Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 143 (1873)
= Dichrospermum Bremek.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 22: 75 (1952)
= Diodioides Loefl.; Iter Hispan. [Loefling] 201 (1758)
= Gruhlmannia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 202 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Hemidiodia K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 29 (1888)
= Hypodematium A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 348 (1847) (non Kunze 1833)
= Jurgensia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 146 (1838)
= Octodon Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 74 (1827)
= Paragophyton K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 454 (1897)
= Pterostephus C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 509 (1845)
= Spermacoceodes Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce adscendens
Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 532 (1818)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria adscendens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 551 (1830)
species :
Spermacoce aequabilis
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 322 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce angustifolia
(Span.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia angustifolia Span.; Linnaea 15: 320 (1841)
species :
Spermacoce annua
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 316 (1975)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Spermacoce aprica
(Hiern) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 14 (1996)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria aprica (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
= Tardavel aprica Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 505 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce argillacea
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 323 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce articularis
L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 119 (1782)
Distribution: Senegal; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Mauritius; La Réunion; China (Fujian, Guangdong); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan; Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I])
22 LBR NGA SEN SIE 23 CMN ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 MAU REU 36 CHI 38 JAP NNS tai 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY PHI SCS sng SUL 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N.Williams; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 956 (1905)
= Borreria lasiocarpa (R.Br.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 464 (1843)
= Borreria ramanii (Sivar. & R.V.Nair) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 3A: 6 (2001)
= Spermacoce flexuosa Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 79 (1790)
= Spermacoce lasiocarpa R.Br. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 832 (1829), nomen
= Spermacoce longicaulis R.Br. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 621 (1834)
= Spermacoce ramanii Sivar. & R.V.Nair; Taxon 35: 367 (1986), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce ramosissima R.Br. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 829 (1829), nomen
= Spermacoce scabra Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 572 (1798)
species :
Spermacoce arvensis
(Hiern) R.D.Good; J. Bot. 65(Suppl. 2): 41 (1927)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CON 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria arvensis (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
= Tardavel arvensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 504 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce aulacosperma
(K.Schum.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Soqotra; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SOC SOM 25 KEN TAN
Remarks: belongs in Spermacoce fide Florentin et al. 2021
Synonyms: hidden
= Arbulocarpus somalensis (Chiov.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 35: Suppl., 1023 (1965)
= Diodia aulacosperma K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 394 (1895)
= Diodia physotricha Chiov.; Agric. Colon. 20: 45 (1926)
= Diodia physotricha var. cyclophylla Chiov.; Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 4, 7: 135 (1936)
= Hypodematium somalense Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 99 (1916)
variant :
var. angustata
(Verdc.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Soqotra; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SOC 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Diodia aulacosperma var. angustata Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 300 (1975)
species :
Spermacoce aurantiiseta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18: 325 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce auriculata
F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 42 (1863)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria australiana Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 303 (1958) 303 (1958)
species :
Spermacoce azurea
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 312 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Spermacoce baileyana
Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 628 (1929)
Distribution: Borneo; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland)
42 BOR NWG 50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria baileyana (Domin) Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 34 (1945)
= Spermacoce pogostoma var. hispida F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 4: 11 (1891)
species :
Spermacoce bambusicola
(Berhaut) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork; Kew Bull. 39(4): 778 (1984)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Sierra Leone
22 GAM GUI SEN SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria bambusicola Berhaut; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 13: 475 (1973 publ. 1974)
species :
Spermacoce bangweolensis
(R.E.Fr.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 308 (1975)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria bangweolensis R.E.Fr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912 1: 17 (1921)
species :
Spermacoce bequaertii
(De Wild.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 305 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. bequaertii
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria bequaertii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 432 (1932)
subspecies :
subsp. brevituba
Dessein; Blumea 68(1): 65 (2023)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Spermacoce bisepala
Verdc.; Fl. Zambes. 5(1): 172 (1989)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Spermacoce brachyantha
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 36(3): 500 (1981)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Spermacoce brachystema
R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 439 (1867)
Distribution: Cambodia [I]; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales)
41 cbd 50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria brachystema (R.Br. ex Benth.) Valeton; Nova Guinea 8: 516 (1911)
= Spermacoce brachystema subvar. chillagoensis Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 628 (1929)
= Spermacoce brachystema subvar. tryonii Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 628 (1929)
= Spermacoce brachystema var. majoriflora Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 628 (1929)
= Spermacoce brachystema var. micrantha Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 628 (1929)
= Spermacoce brachystema var. pycnocephala Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 635 (1929)
= Spermacoce stricta F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 41 (1863), nom. illeg.
species :
Spermacoce brassii
Gideon; J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 628 (1983), nom. nov.
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria lanceolata Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 35 (1945)
= Borreria linearis Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 34 (1945)
species :
Spermacoce brevicilia
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 327 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce brevidens
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 328 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce breviflora
F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 442 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria breviflora (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 303 (1958) 303 (1958)
species :
Spermacoce buchneri
(K.Schum.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1): 14-19 (1996)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: known only from type collection
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria buchneri K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 109 (1899)
species :
Spermacoce buckleyi
Fosberg; Brittonia 40(1): 64 (1988)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce burmanni
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 555 (1830)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce corymbosa Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 33 (1768), nom. illeg.
species :
Spermacoce calliantha
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 329 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce cardiophora
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 330 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce cassuangensis
R.D.Good; J. Bot. 65(Suppl. 2): 41 (1927)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Spermacoce caudata
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 331 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce chaetocephala
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 554 (1830)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Burundi; Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 BKN MLI MTN NGA SEN 23 BUR CAF CMN CON 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria chaetocephala (DC.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 256 (1960)
= Borreria compacta (Hochst. ex Hiern) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Borreria hebecarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 347 (1848)
= Borreria kotschyana (Oliv.) K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 394 (1895)
= Borreria neglecta A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 177 (1847)
= Spermacoce abyssinica Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce chaetocephala var. minor Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 256 (1960)
= Spermacoce compacta Hochst. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 239 (1877)
= Spermacoce hebecarpa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 89 (1873), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce hebecarpa var. major Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 237 (1877)
= Spermacoce kotschyana Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 88 (1873)
species :
Spermacoce confusa
Rendle; J. Bot. 74: 12 (1936)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Magdalena, Nariño, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC 81 trt 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce congensis
(Bremek.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 308 (1975)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrospermum congense Bremek.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 22: 76 (1952)
species :
Spermacoce congestanthera
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 332 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce constricta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 332 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce cristulata
Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 629 (1929)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce debilis
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 441 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce deserti
N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 115 (1909)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov.)
27 BOT SAF
species :
Spermacoce dibrachiata
Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 87 (1873)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria dibrachiata (Oliv.).K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Pentas involucrata Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 67 (1895)
= Tardavel dibrachiata (Oliv.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 507 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce discreta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 333 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce diversistyla
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 334 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce dolichosperma
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 335 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce elaiosoma
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 336 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce erectiloba
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 336 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce erioclada
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 557 (1830)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce erioclada var. linearifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 557 (1830)
= Spermacoce scaberrima Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 557 (1830)
species :
Spermacoce erosa
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 337 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce erythrosepala
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 338 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce everistiana
Fosberg; Brittonia 40(1): 61 (1988)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce exasperata
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 170 (1923)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Remarks: probably in Borreria
Conservation Status: threatened (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
species :
Spermacoce fabiformis
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 339 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce filifolia
(Schumach. & Thonn.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork; Kew Bull. 39(4): 778 (1984)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Octodon filifolium Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 74 (1827)
= Borreria filifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Spermacoce filifolia Perr. & Lepr. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 540 (1830), pro syn.
species :
Spermacoce filiformis
Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 234 (1877)
Distribution: Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Gabon; Central African Republic
22 BEN NGA NGR 23 CAF GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria filiformis (Hiern) Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 133, in clavi, 135 (1931)
species :
Spermacoce filituba
(K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 302 (1975)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria filituba K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 110 (1899)
= Borreria pedicellata K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 111 (1899)
= Borreria tenuiflora Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 98 (1916)
species :
Spermacoce flagelliformis
Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 7: 314 (1806)
Distribution: Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion
29 COM MAU REU
species :
Spermacoce floridana
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 550 (1913)
Name: Florida false buttonweed
Distribution: USA (Florida, Texas); Bahamas
77 USA 78 USA 81 BAH
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce keyensis Small; Fl. Florida Keys 141 (1913)
= Spermacoce tenuior var. floridana (Urb.) R.W.Long; Rhodora 72: 36 (1970)
species :
Spermacoce galeopsidis
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 554 (1830)
Distribution: Senegal
22 SEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria galeopsidis (DC.) Berhaut; Fl. Senegal 285 (1954)
species :
Spermacoce garuensis
(K.Krause) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Remarks: status uncertain, insufficiently known
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria garuensis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 432 (1912)
species :
Spermacoce gibba
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 339 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce gilliesiae
(Specht) J.R.Clarkson; Austrobaileya 4(1): 117 (1993)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria geeingwa var. dilatata (Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 3: 303 (1958)
= Borreria gilliesae Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 304 (1958)
= Spermacoce gilliesiae (Specht) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996), isonym
= Spermacoce laevigata var. dilatata Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 442 (1867)
species :
Spermacoce glabra
Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 82 (1803)
Name: Smooth false buttonweed
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela; Ecuador; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Florida, Rocha); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce glabra f. latifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 189 (1904)
= Spermacoceodes glabrum (Michx.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoceodes glabrum var. rectum Bacigalupo; Darwiniana 17: 355 (1972)
species :
Spermacoce graniticola
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 341 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Spermacoce hepperiana
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 305 (1975)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Tanzania
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CON GAB 24 CHA SSU 25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria compressa Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 135 (1931)
= Borreria velorensis Berhaut; Fl. Senegal 285 (1954), no latin descr.
= Spermacoce compressa Afzel. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 235 (1877), nom. superfl.
species :
Spermacoce heteromorpha
Dessein; Novon 16(2): 232 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Spermacoce hillii
(Chippend.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce scabra Ewart; Fl. N. Territory [Ewart & Davies] 260 (1917), nom. superfl.
= Borreria hillii Chippend.; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia 83: 202 (1960)
species :
Spermacoce hispida
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 102 (1753)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hongkong, Hainan, Guangxi); Taiwan; Bhutan; N-India (almost throughout); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines (Batan to Basilan); Java; Solomon Isl.; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I])
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI SCS 43 SOL 62 mic
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria articularis var. hispida (L.) Sivar. & Manilal; New Botanist, Int. Quart. J. Pl. Sci. Res. 2: 89 (1975), nom. inval.
= Borreria hispida (L.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891) non Spruce ex K. Schum. (1888)
= Borreria malabarica Sivar. & Manilal; Bull. Bot. Soc. Univ. Saugar 19: 31 (1972)
= Borreria rotundifolia Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 323 (1930), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce avana R.Br. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 621 (1834), descr.
= Spermacoce carolinensis Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996), nom. nov. for Borreria rotundifolia Valeton
= Spermacoce malabarica (Sivar. & Manilal) Sivar., R.V.Nair & Ahmed Kunju; Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl. Sci. 97(4): 355 (1987)
= Spermacoce mutilata Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 43 (1845)
= Spermacoce rigida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 60 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Spermacoce hockii
(De Wild.) Dessein; Syst. Bot. 28(1): 140 (2003)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria hockii De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 511 (1913)
= Borreria homblei De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 110 (1914)
= Spermacoce homblei (De Wild.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1): 14-19 (1996)
species :
Spermacoce huillensis
(Hiern) R.D.Good; J. Bot. 65(Suppl. 2): 41 (1927)
Distribution: Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tardavel huillensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 503 (1898)
= Borreria huillensis (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
species :
Spermacoce humifusa
Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 530 (1818)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Spermacoce inaperta
F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 43 (1863)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria inaperta (F.Muell.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
species :
Spermacoce incognita
(E.L.Cabral) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria incognita E.L.Cabral; Opera Bot. Belg. 7 (2nd Intern. Rubiac. Conf.): 322 (1996)
species :
Spermacoce inconspicua
Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 557 (1830)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Spermacoce intricans
(Hepper) H.M.Burkill; Kew Bull. 41(4): 1006 (1986)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic
22 GHA GUI NGA SEN SIE 23 CAF CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria intricans Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 257 (1960)
species :
Spermacoce ivorensis
Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1): 14-19 (1996), nom. nov.
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast
22 GUI IVO SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria macrantha Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 258 (1960)
= Spermacoce macrantha (Hepper) H.M.Burkill; Kew Bull. 41: 1006 (1986), nom. illeg.
= Borreria macrantha var. glabra Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 258 (1960)
species :
Spermacoce jacobsonii
F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 3: 13 (1891)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce jacobsonii var. glabrescens F.M.Bailey; Compr. Cat. Queensland Pl. 253 (1913)
species :
Spermacoce jaliscensis
M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 67 (1933)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, probably in Borreria
species :
Spermacoce juncta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 343 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce kirkii
(Hiern) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 303 (1975)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Diodia kirkii Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 230 (1877)
= Borreria diodon K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 109 (1899)
species :
Spermacoce laevigata
F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 41 (1863)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria geeingwa Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 3: 303 (1958)
= Borreria geeingwa var. hispida (Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 3: 303 (1958)
= Spermacoce purpureocaerulea R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 442 (1867), pro syn.
species :
Spermacoce lamprosperma
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 344 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce lancea
(Hiern) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tardavel lancea Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 506 (1898)
= Borreria lancea (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
species :
Spermacoce latimarginata
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 345 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce latituba
(K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 304 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria latituba K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 110 (1899)
species :
Spermacoce ledermannii
(K.Krause) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1): 14-19 (1996)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Remarks: status uncertain, insufficiently known
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria ledermannii K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 432 (1912)
species :
Spermacoce leptoloba
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 440 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria leptoloba (Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 305 (1958)
species :
Spermacoce lignosa
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 347 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce macrantha
Reinw. ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 269 (1851)
Distribution: Moluccas
42 MOL
species :
Spermacoce malacophylla
(K.Schum.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1): 14-19 (1996)
Distribution: Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CMN CON
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria malacophylla K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 373 (1903)
species :
Spermacoce manikensis
Dessein; Nordic J. Bot. 22(5): 514 (2002 publ. 2003)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Spermacoce manillensis
Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia discolor Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830), pro syn.
= Borreria discolor DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830)
= Spermacoce discolor (DC.) Fern.-Vill.; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 3, Nov. App. 4(13A): 113 (1880), nom. illeg.
species :
Spermacoce marginata
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 440 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Tardavel marginata (Benth.) Britten; Ill. Austral. Pl. Cook´s Voy. 48 (1901)
species :
Spermacoce membranacea
R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 441 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria membranacea (Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 473 (1958)
species :
Spermacoce meyeniana
Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 353 (1843)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Spermacoce microcephala
A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 2: 29 (1850)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Remarks: probably in Borreria
species :
Spermacoce milnei
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 308 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Spermacoce minutiflora
(K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 306 (1975)
Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya
24 SSU 25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria minutiflora K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 373 (1903)
species :
Spermacoce mitracarpoides
Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 261 (1869)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria mitracarpoides (Miq.) Koord.; Exkurs.-Fl. Java 3: 281 (1912)
species :
Spermacoce multicaulis
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 440 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria multicaulis (Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 473 (1958)
species :
Spermacoce nana
Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 83 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 375 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 369 (1832)
Distribution: Moluccas
42 MOL
species :
Spermacoce natalensis
Hochst.; Flora 27: 555 (1844)
Distribution: Senegal; ?Sierra Leone; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 NGA SEN 23 BUR CMN GAB ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria natalensis (Hochst.) K.Schum. ex S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 103 (1911)
= Diodia elongata E.Mey. ex Hochst.; Flora 27: 555 (1844)
= Diodia foliosa Peyr.; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 38: 579 (1860)
= Diodia natalensis (Hochst.) J.G.García; Mem. Junta Invest. Ultramar, 2 Ser. 6: 47 (1959)
species :
Spermacoce occidentalis
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 348 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce occultiseta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 349 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce octodon
(Hepper) Hakki; Englera 4: 435 (1984)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; SW-Mali; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad (incl. Tibesti)
22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria miegei Assémien; Ann. Fac. Sci. Univ. Dakar 9: 48 (1963)
= Borreria octodon Hepper; Kew Bull. 17: 171 (1963)
= Borreria setosa (Hiern) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891), nom. superfl.
= Octodon setosum Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 242 (1877)
species :
Spermacoce ocymoides
Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 34 (1768)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; India (Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Maldives; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; SW- & C-Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Basilan); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu; Fiji; Mexico [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
22 BKN GAM GHA GNB IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON ZAI 24 ETH SSU 40 IND MDV SRL 41 MYA THA 42 JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI sng SUL 43 SOL 60 FIJ VAN 79 mex 81 aru bon cur trt 82 ven 83 ecu per 84 bra 85 arg par uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia gracilis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 404 (1824)
= Bigelovia laevicaulis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 335 (1856)
= Bigelovia ocymoides (Burm.f.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 335 (1857)
= Bigelovia parviflora Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 405 (1824)
= Bigelovia stricta (L.f.) Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 945 (1826)
= Bigelovia tenera (R.Br. ex G.Don) Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 1: 122 (1840)
= Borreria laevicaulis (Miq.) Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 298 (1922), et Fl. Malay Pen. 2: 176 (1923)
= Borreria ocymoides (Burm.f.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 544 (1830)
= Borreria ocymoides var. minorifolia Hochr.; Candollea 5: 284 (1934)
= Borreria ocymoides var. thekkumalensis Sivar. & K.T.Joseph; New Botanist, Int. Quart. J. Pl. Sci. Res. 6: 133 (1979)
= Borreria stricta (L.f.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 143 (1891)
= Borreria trichantha Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 178 (1850)
= Spermacoce aspera Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 1: 10 (1797)
= Spermacoce hirta Sw.; Observ. Bot. [Swartz] 45 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce laevis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 401 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce microphylla Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 546 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce ocymoides var. thekkumalensis (Sivar. & K.T.Joseph) Kumari; New Botanist, Int. Quart. J. Pl. Sci. Res. 6: 133 (1979)
= Spermacoce ramosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 831 (1829), nomen
= Spermacoce stricta L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 120 (1782)
= Spermacoce tenera R.Br. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 621 (1834), descr.
= Spermacoce trichantha (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Tardavel ocymoides (Burm.f.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 503 (1898)
= Tardavel stricta (L.f.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 503 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce oligantha
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 169 (1923)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Remarks: probably in Borreria
species :
Spermacoce omissa
J.R.Clarkson; Austrobaileya 4(1): 117 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria suffruticosa (R.Br. ex Benth.) Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 473 (1958)
= Spermacoce neosuffruticosa Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996), nom. nov.
= Spermacoce suffruticosa R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 443 (1867), nom. superfl.
species :
Spermacoce paganuccii
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 143(2): 234 (2010)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce paolii
(Chiov.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 302 (1975)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria paolii Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 98 (1916)
species :
Spermacoce papuana
F.Muell.; Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 27 (1876)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria papuana (F.Muell.) Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 34 (1945)
species :
Spermacoce parviceps
(Ridl.) I.M.Turner; Novon 6(2): 222 (1996)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria parviceps Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 84: 299 (1922), Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 176 (1923)
= Spermacoce parviceps (Ridl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (8 Nov 1996), isonym
species :
Spermacoce perennis
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 314 (1975)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
variant :
var. fimbriolata
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 314 (1975)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Spermacoce pessima
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 350 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce phaeosperma
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 351 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce phalloides
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 352 (2005), nom. nov.
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria involucrata (O.Schwarz) Chippend.; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 96(4): 208 (1972)
= Spermacoce involucrata Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 102 (1927)
species :
Spermacoce phyteuma
Schweinf. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 235 (1877)
Distribution: Central African Republic; South Sudan
23 CAF 24 SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria phyteuma (Schweinf. ex Hiern) Dandy; Fl. Pl. Sudan 2: 426 (1952)
species :
Spermacoce phyteumoides
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 308 (1975)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ZAM
variant :
var. caerulea
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 311 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Spermacoce pilifera
Bacigalupo; Darwiniana 17: 347 (1972)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce pilulifera
(Ridl.) I.M.Turner; Novon 6(2): 222 (1996)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Klang, Gates, Selangor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria pilulifera Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 84: 299 (1922), Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 176 (1923)
= Spermacoce pilulifera (Ridl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (8 Nov. 1996), isonym
species :
Spermacoce platyloba
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 352 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce pogostoma
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 440 (1867)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria pogostoma (Benth.) Schumann; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
species :
Spermacoce princeae
(K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 307 (1975)
Distribution: Togo; ?Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
22 NGA TOG 23 BIO BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria princeae K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 341 (1904)
= Borreria princeae var. pubescens Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 259 (1960)
= Diodia stipulosa S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 310 (1906)
= Spermacoce princeae var. mwinilungae Verdc.; Fl. Zambes. 5(1): 180 (1989)
= Spermacoce princeae var. pubescens (Hepper) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 307 (1975)
species :
Spermacoce prostrata
Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 58 (1775)
Name: Juana la blanca (Dominican Republic); Prostrate false buttonweed
Distribution: China [I] (Hainan [I], Hongkong [I]); Taiwan [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; USA (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, Tortola); Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil
36 chi 38 tai 40 ban srl 41 vie 42 jaw 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR PUE STL TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria domingensis Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 141 (1866)
= Borreria gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 15 (1826)
= Borreria heterophylla Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 418 (1924)
= Borreria micrantha Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 28 (1841)
= Borreria microphylla DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 546 (1830)
= Borreria ocymoides f. bisepala (Bremek.) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 194 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Borreria ocymoides f. tenuis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 183 (1904)
= Borreria ocymoides var. bisepala Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 307 (1934)
= Borreria ocymoides var. minima Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 184 (1904)
= Borreria parviflora G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83 (1818)
= Borreria patula M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 128 (1844)
= Borreria prostrata (Aubl.) Miq.; Natuurk. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem 7: 177 (1851)
= Borreria ramisparsa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 544 (1830)
= Borreria tampicana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 544 (1830)
= Mitracarpus puberulus Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 238 (1841)
= Spermacoce cephalophora Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 374 (1907)
= Spermacoce domingensis (Griseb.) C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 6: 150 (1869)
= Spermacoce gracilis Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 61 (1798)
= Spermacoce heterophylla (Brandegee) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
= Spermacoce parviflora (G.Mey.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 34 (1884)
= Spermacoce patula (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881)
= Spermacoce ramisparsa (DC.) Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 238 (1877)
= Spermacoce rotata Poit. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 275 (1818)
species :
Spermacoce protrusa
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 354 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce pumila
(Span.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia pumila Span.; Linnaea 15: 320 (1841)
species :
Spermacoce pusilla
Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 379 (1820)
Distribution: Gambia [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Guinea [I]; SW-Chad [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; Sri Lanka; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I])
22 bkn gam gui mli 24 cha 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BHU NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 LSI MLY MOL PHI 62 mic
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia pusilla (Wall.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 405 (1824)
= Borreria gracilis Miq. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 200 (1881), pro syn.
= Borreria kleinii (Steud.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 464 (1843)
= Borreria pusilla (Wall.) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 16 (1826)
= Borreria rosea (Sivar. & Manilal) Sivar.; Fl. Calicut 136 (1982), nom. illeg.
= Borreria roxburghiana Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 264 (1843)
= Borreria stricta var. rosea Sivar. & Manilal; Bull. Bot. Soc. Univ. Saugar 19: 33 (1972)
= Spermacoce filina Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 830 (1829), nomen
= Spermacoce gardneri Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 24, no. 834 (1829), nomen
= Spermacoce kleinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 618 (1841)
= Spermacoce triandra Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 134 (1825), pro syn.
species :
Spermacoce quadrisulcata
(Bremek.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 305 (1975)
Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; SW-Mali; S-Burkina Faso; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; SW-Chad; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Namibia; Botswana
22 GAM GNB GUI MLI NGA SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM 27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria paludosa Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 259 (1960)
= Borreria quadrisulcata Bremek.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 22: 102 (1952)
species :
Spermacoce radiata
(DC.) Sieber ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 237 (1877)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria andongensis (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
= Borreria radiata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
= Spermacoce andongensis (Hiern) R.D.Good; J. Bot. 65(Suppl. 2): 41 (1927)
= Tardavel andongensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 506 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce redacta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 355 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce resinosula
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 356 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce reticulata
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 356 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce retitesta
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 357 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce ruelliae
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 554 (1830)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; SW-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Angola
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria monticola Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 135 (1931), pro syn.
= Borreria ruelliae (DC.) K.Schum. ex Thoms; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 104 (1909)
= Borreria scabra (Schumach. & Thonn.) K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 394 (1895)
= Diodia scabra Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 76 (1827)
= Spermacoce palmetorum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 553 (1830)
= Tardavel scabra (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 504 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce rupicola
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 358 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce samfya
Verdc.; Fl. Zambes. 5(1): 186 (1989)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Spermacoce scaberrima
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 946 (1826)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Philippines; Java
42 JAW MLY PHI SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria scaberrima (Blume) Koord.; Exkurs.-Fl. Java 3: 282 (1912)
= Spermacoce muriculata Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 44 (1845)
species :
Spermacoce scabrisina
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 359 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce schlechteri
K.Schum. ex Verdc.; Fl. Zambes. 5(1): 180 (1989)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Spermacoce scortechinii
Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 35 (1918)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Spermacoce semierecta
Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 377 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 371 (1832)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria discolor Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 199 (1852)
species :
Spermacoce senensis
(Klotzsch) Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 236 (1877)
Distribution: Burundi; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 BUR 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria rhodesica Suess.; Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 43: 56 (1951)
= Borreria senensis (Klotzsch) K.Schum.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 23 (1894)
= Borreria squarrosa Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 68: 438 (1923)
= Borreria stolzii K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 52 (1920)
= Diodia benguellensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 502 (1898)
= Diodia senensis Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 289 (1861)
= Mitracarpus dregeanus Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 3 (1865)
= Spermacoce dregeana (Sond.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898)
species :
Spermacoce serpyllifolia
Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 532 (1818)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Spermacoce setidens
(Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
Distribution: Nepal [I]; Thailand; Vietnam; Java
40 nep 41 THA VIE 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia setidens Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 336 (1857)
= Bigelovia setidens var. linearifolia Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 336 (1857)
= Bigelovia setidens var. minor Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 336 (1857)
= Borreria setidens (Miq.) Bold.; Zakfl. Java 156 (1916)
= Spermacoce setidens var. linearifolia (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
= Spermacoce setidens var. minor Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
species :
Spermacoce sexangularis
Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 61 (1775)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce hexagona Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 569 (1798)
species :
Spermacoce sociata
(Span.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia sociata Span.; Linnaea 15: 320 (1841)
species :
Spermacoce somalica
(K.Schum.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria somalica K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 374 (1903)
species :
Spermacoce spermacocina
(K.Schum.) Bridson & Puff; Kew Bull. 44(1): 138 (1989)
Distribution: S-Burkina Faso; Nigeria; Cameroon
22 NGA 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria saxicola K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 112 (1899)
= Paragophyton spermacocinum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 455 (1897)
= Spermacoce saxicola (K.Schum.) H.M.Burkill; Kew Bull. 41: 1006 (1986)
species :
Spermacoce sphaerostigma
(A.Rich.) Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 88 (1873)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique; Yemen (W-Yemen)
22 NGA 23 BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Arbulocarpus erythraeae (Lanza) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 35(Suppl.): 1023 (1965)
= Arbulocarpus sphaerostigma (A.Rich.) Tennant; Kew Bull. [12]: 386 (1957 publ. 1958)
= Hypodematium ampliatum A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 349 (1847)
= Hypodematium erythraeae Lanza; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 115 (1909)
= Hypodematium sphaerostigma A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 348 (1847)
= Spermacoce ampliata (A.Rich.) Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 88 (1873)
= Spermacoce ruelliae Thomson; J. Discov. Source Nile [Speke] 636 (1863), nom. illeg.
species :
Spermacoce stachydea
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 554 (1830)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; S-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN GAB 24 CHA SSU SUD
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria leucadea (Hochst. ex Hiern) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Borreria stachydea (DC.) Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 135 (1931)
= Borreria stachydea var. phyllocephala (DC.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 256 (1960)
= Spermacoce leucadea Hochst. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 237 (1877), sphalm. Borreria leucadea (Hochst. ex Hiern) K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Spermacoce phyllocephala DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 553 (1830)
= Spermacoce stachydea var. phyllocephala (DC.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork; Énum. Pl. Fleurs Afr. Trop. [Lebrun & Stork] 4: 227 (1997)
species :
Spermacoce stenophylla
F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 43 (1863)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria carpentariae Specht; Rec. Amer.-Austral. Sci. Exped. Arnhem Land, 3, Bot. Pl. Ecol. 305 (1958) 305 (1958)
= Borreria exserta (Benth.) Schumann; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 144 (1891)
= Spermacoce exserta Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 441 (1867), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce islana Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Spermacoce stigmatosa
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 360 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce stipularis
Dessein; Syst. Bot. 28(1): 138 (2003)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
species :
Spermacoce subvulgata
(K.Schum.) J.G.García; Mem. Junta Invest. Ultramar, 2 Ser. 6: 49 (1959)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthospermum mazzocchii-alemannii Chiov.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1924: 40 (1924)
= Borreria mohasiensis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 52 (1920)
= Borreria stenophylla K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 158 (1909)
= Borreria subvulgata K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 111 (1899)
= Tardavel kaessneri S.Moore; J. Bot. 43: 250 (1905)
variant :
var. quadrisepala
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 303 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Spermacoce suprahila
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 361 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce taylorii
Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 303 (1975)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Spermacoce tectanthera
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 362 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce tenuior
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 102 (1753)
Name: Slender false buttonweed; Garro blanco, Yerba de garro (Cuba), Juana la blanca (Dominican Republic)
Distribution: Tanzania [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Singapore [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Vanuatu [I]; USA (Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas); Bermuda; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caquetá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Apure, Lara, Portuguesa, Yaracuy, Zulia); Isla Margarita; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucuman)
25 tan 40 ban 41 ncb 42 jaw lsi sng sul 43 sol 60 van 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BER BON CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STE STK STL STV VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG
Remarks: probably in a spinoff genus America/Australia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia linifolia (Vahl) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 404 (1824)
= Borreria capitellata (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 319 (1828)
= Borreria herbert-smithii Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 144 (1920)
= Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 231 (1857)
= Borreria linifolia (Vahl) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 15 (1826), non DC.
= Borreria longiseta M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 128 (1844)
= Spermacoce capitellata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 530 (1818)
= Spermacoce guianensis Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 714 (1936)
= Spermacoce laevis Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 273 (1791)
= Spermacoce linifolia Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 1: 8 (1797)
= Spermacoce longiseta (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881)
= Spermacoce riparia Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 355 (1828)
= Spermacoce tenuior var. angustifolia Eggers; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 23(3): 62 (1879)
= Spermacoce tenuior var. major Beurl.; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 40: 133 (1854 publ. 1856)
= Spermacoceodes tenuior (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Tardavel laevis (Lam.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122 (1916)
species :
Spermacoce tenuissima
Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 234 (1877)
Distribution: Central African Republic; South Sudan
23 CAF 24 SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria tenuissima Schweinf. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 234 (1877), pro syn.
species :
Spermacoce terminaliflora
R.D.Good; J. Bot. 65: Suppl. 2. 42 (1927)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Spermacoce tetraquetra
A.Rich.in Sagra; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 29 (1850)
Name: Pineland false buttonweed
Distribution: USA (Florida); Bermuda; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; St. Lucia; Barbados
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON NIC 81 BAH BBD BER CAY CUB JAM STL TCI
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce thymoidea
(Hiern) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 314 (1975)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tardavel thymoidea Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 507 (1898)
= Borreria thymoidea (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 391 (1900)
species :
Spermacoce trichosiphonia
Harwood; Austral. Syst. Bot. 18(4): 362 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce uniseta
F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 3: 13 (1891)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Remarks: belongs in a spinoff genus America/Australia
species :
Spermacoce zollingeriana
(Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 144 (1891)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia zollingeriana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 336 (1857)
