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519.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
Latest phylogeny: Zhao et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 7866; hybrids: 382
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
519.3001 Genus Sphenodesme Jack; Malayan Misc. 1: 19 (1820)
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar [Burma], Indochina, Hainan, Borneo
Species listed in database: 15
= Brachynema F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 90 (1862), nom. rej.
= Decadontia Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 175 (1854)
= Roscoea Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 54 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Viticastrum C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 577 (1845)
species :
Sphenodesme amethystina Dop; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 573 (1932)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Sphenodesme eryciboides Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 40(2): 76 (1871)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand
41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphenodesme grossa Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 254 (1877)
= Symphorema grossum Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 254 (1877)
species :
Sphenodesme ferruginea (Griff.) Briq.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 181 (1895)
Distribution: China (Hainan); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Perlis, Langkawi)
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachynema ferruginea Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 176 (1854)
= Sphenodesme microstylis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 600 (1885)
= Sphenodesme orbicularis H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 208 (1938)
= Symphorema microstylis Bedd. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 600 (1885)
species :
Sphenodesme floribunda Chun & F.C.How; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 79 (1958)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Sphenodesme griffithiana Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 14 (1849)
Distribution: Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia
41 LAO MYA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Decadontia caerulescens Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 175 (1854)
= Sphenodesme robinsonii Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 318 (1914 publ. 1915)
species :
Sphenodesme involucrata (C.Presl) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 51: 531 (1916)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); Taiwan; India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera; Borneo (Sabah)
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Congea ferruginea Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1737 (1829), nomen
= Congea unguiculata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1736 (1829), nomen
= Sphenodesme involucrata var. pubescens Moldenke; Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 86 (1963)
= Sphenodesme odorata H.R.Fletcher; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 207 (1938)
= Sphenodesme unguiculata Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 622 (1847)
= Symphorema paniculatum B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1739 (1829), nomen
= Symphorema unguiculatum (Schauer) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 255 (1877)
= Vitex involucrata C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. [C.Presl] 148 (1846)
variant :
var. paniculata (C.B.Clarke) Munir; Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 338 (1966)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar; Vietnam
40 IND 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphenodesme paniculata C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 600 (1885)
species :
Sphenodesme mekongensis Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 318 (1914 publ. 1915)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Sphenodesme mollis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 154 (1912)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphenodesme annamitica Dop; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 573 (1932)
= Sphenodesme smitinandii Moldenke; Phytologia 8: 393 (1962)
species :
Sphenodesme pentandra Jack; Malayan Misc. 1(1): 19 (1820)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Johore, Kedah, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Trengganu, Wellesley, Langkawi); +Singapore; Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah)
40 BAN 41 AND CBD LAO NCB THA VIE 42 BOR MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Congea jackiana Wall.; Bot. Misc. 1: 285 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Congea pentandra (Jack) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1734 (1829)
= Sphenodesme acuminata Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1476 (1849), nom. inval.
= Sphenodesme jackiana (Wall.) Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 622 (1847)
= Symphorema jackianum (Wall.) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 255 (1877)
= Symphorema pentandrum (Jack) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 255 (1877)
variant :
var. wallichiana (Schauer) Munir; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. ser, 3 21: 360 (1966)
Distribution: China (Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Penang)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Congea pentandra (Roxb.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 403 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Roscoea pentandra Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 46 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 54 (1832)
= Sphenodesme pentandra (Roxb.) Wall.; Bot. Misc. 1: 284 (1830), nom. illeg., non Jack
= Sphenodesme wallichiana Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 622 (1847)
species :
Sphenodesme pierrei Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 317 (1914 publ. 1915)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
species :
Sphenodesme racemosa (C.Presl) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 10: 229 (1956)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Johore, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Trengganu, Wellesley); Sumatera; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan)
42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Congea barbata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1788 (1829), nomen
= Sphenodesme barbata Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 623 (1847)
= Sphenodesme borneensis Merr.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 76: 114 (1917)
= Sphenodesme ferruginea Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1474, err. (1849), nom. inval.
= Sphenodesme winkleri Hallier f. [Meded.Rijks-Herb.37: 86 (1918)]
= Viticastrum racemosum C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 578 (1845)
variant :
var. sabahensis Munir; Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 352 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Sphenodesme sarawakensis Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 10: 230 (1956)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Sphenodesme stellata Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 266 (1929)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Sphenodesme thorelii Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 316 (1914 publ. 1915)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Sphenodesme triflora Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1478 (1849)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Penang Isl., Trengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Sumatera; Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak)
41 MYA THA 42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphenodesme clemensiorum Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 368 (1953)
= Sphenodesme triflora var. clemensiorum (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 45: 469 (1980)
variant :
var. montana Munir; Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 373 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
variant :
var. riparia Munir; Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 371 (1966)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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