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Ver. 19.3
June 2nd, 2024

267.0000 Family Anacardiaceae R.Br.; J. H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 431 (1818), nom. cons.
81 genera, ca. 900 spp. Phylogeny following Cole (2018) and Cole & Bachelier (2023, Anacardiaceae phylogeny poster)
Species listed in database: 938; hybrids: 5
= Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 254 (1965)
= Comocladiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 144 (1820)
= Julianiaceae Hemsl.; J. Bot. 44: 379 (1906), nom. cons.
= Lentiscaceae Horan.; Tetractys: 25 (1843)
= Pistaciaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 485 (1820)
= Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch.Pl.Delav.: 145 (1889)
= Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler; Fl. Comit. Pest. 2: 135 (1826)
= Schinaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 55 (1837)
= Spondiadaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 594 (1820)
= Vernicaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 488 (1832)
267.0305 Genus Spondias L.; Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 174 (1754)
Distribution: Tropical Himalayas, S-China, Indochina, tropical America
Species listed in database: 20; hybrids: 1
= Chrysomelon Forst. ex A.Gray; Bot. U. St. Expl. Exped. 1: 374, in syn. (1854)
= Cytheraea Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 173, in textu (1834)
= Evia Comm. ex Juss.; Gen. 373 (1789)
= Monbin Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abridg., ed. 4 (1754)
= Shakua Bojer; Hort. Maurit. 82 (1837)
= Skoliostigma Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 356 (1920)
= Solenocarpus Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 171 (1834)
= Warmingia Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12: II. 281 (1874)
= Wirtgenia Jungh. ex Hassk.; Flora 27: 624 (1844), nom. inval.
species :
Spondias admirabilis J.D.Mitch. & Daly; PhytoKeys 55: 19 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Spondias bahiensis P.Carvalho, Van den Berg & M.Machado; Neodiversity 8: 32, figs. 7B, 8B, 9B, 9E, 10B, 11, 12B, 13, 14 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Spondias bipinnata Airy Shaw & Forman; Kew Bull. 21: 4 (1967)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Spondias dulcis Parkinson; J. Voy. South Seas: 39 (1773)
Name: Golden Apple, Ambarella, Jobo de la India
Distribution: Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Mozambique [I]; Madagascar [I]; Seychelles [I]; Taiwan [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Myanmar [I]; Laos [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I] (Kedah [I], Kelantan [I], Terengganu [I], Perak [I], Pahang [I], Selangor [I]); Borneo [I]; Brunei [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Moluccas [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu [I]; Niue; Fiji [I]; Nauru; Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea); Austral Isl. (Tubuai); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Pohnpei); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I]); Guadeloupe [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]
22 ben 23 caf cmn con pri sao 26 moz 29 mdg sey 38 tai 40 srl 41 cbd lao mya 42 bor brn jaw lsi mly mol nwg phi sul XMS 43 sol 60 fij NRU NUE nwc ROT SCZ TON van 61 AUI COO SCI 62 PLU 78 usa 80 hon nic 81 cay cub gdl his jam pue trt ven vir 82 clm ven 83 ecu per 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Chrysomelon pomiferum G.Forst. ex A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 374 (1854)
= Cytheraea dulcis (Parkinson) Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 173 (1834)
= Evia acida Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 234 (1850)
= Evia amara var. tuberculosa Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 233 (1850)
= Evia dulcis (Parkinson) Comm. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 233 (1850)
= Evia dulcis (Parkinson) Kosterm.; Kedondong, Ambarella, Amra Spondiadeae (Anacardiac.) Asia & Pacific 75 (1991), isonym
= Poupartia dulcis (Parkinson) Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1161 (1827)
= Spondias acida Blume; Flora 7: 291 (1824)
= Spondias cytherea Sonn.; Voy. Ind. 3: 242 (1782)
= Spondias dulcis Sol. ex G.Forst.; Prodr. 34 (1786), nom. illeg.
= Spondias dulcis var. acida (Blume) Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 247 (1883)
= Spondias dulcis var. commersonii Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 247 (1883)
= Spondias dulcis var. integra Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 248 (1883)
= Spondias dulcis var. mucroniserrata Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 247 (1883)
= Spondias fragrans Pav. ex Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [DC.] 4: 247 (1883)
= Spondias longifolia Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 1832. 2: 453 (1832)
= Spondias lutea P.Royen ex Blume; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 234 (1850)
= Spondias therebintoides P.Royen ex Blume; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 234 (1850)
species :
Spondias expeditionaria J.D.Mitch. & Daly; PhytoKeys 55: 25 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Spondias globosa J.D.Mitch. & Daly; PhytoKeys 55: 27 (2015)
Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia; Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
species :
Spondias indica (Wight & Arn.) Airy Shaw & Forman; Kew Bull. 21: 16 (1967)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Solenocarpus indicus Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 171 (1834)
species :
Spondias macrocarpa Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(2): 375 (1876)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, etc.)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spondias dulcis var. macrocarpa (Engl.) Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 247 (1883)
species :
Spondias malayana Kosterm.; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus., 34(1-2): 108 (1981)
Distribution: Myanmar (Mandalay); peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Palawan; ?Philippines
41 MYA 42 MLY PLW SUM
species :
Spondias mombin Jacq.; Select. Am. 138 (1753)
Name: Yellow Mombin, Gelbe Mombinpflaume, Creole Plum, Plum Bush
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Chad [c]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Angola [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Sumatra [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Caldas, Caquetá, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Tachira); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
21 cvi 22 ben bkn gam gnb gui tog 23 ann bio caf cmn con gab pri sao 24 cha ssu sud 26 ang 40 srl 41 tha vie 42 jaw mly phi sum 60 nwc 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BBD BON CAY CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STK STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Mauria juglandifolia Benth. ex Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [DC.] 4: 244 (1883)
= Spondias aurantiaca Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 225 (1827)
= Spondias brasiliensis Mart. ex Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [DC.] 4: 244 (1883)
= Spondias cirouella Tussac; Fl. Antill. 3: 37 (1824), nom. superfl.
= Spondias cytherea Tussac; Fl. Antill. 3: t. 28 (1824)
= Spondias dubia A.Rich.; Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. Tent. 153 (1833)
= Spondias glabra Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [DC.] 4: 572 (Index) (1883)
= Spondias graveolens Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfad.] 1: 228 (1837)
= Spondias lucida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 172 (1796)
= Spondias lutea L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 613 (1762), nom. illeg.
= Spondias lutea var. dubia (A.Rich.) Marchand; Rév. Anacardiac.: 156 (1869)
= Spondias lutea var. glabra Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 2: 374 (1876)
= Spondias lutea var. maxima Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 2: 374 (1876)
= Spondias lutea var. pseudomyrobalanus (Tussac) Marchand; Rév. Anacardiac.: 156 (1869)
= Spondias maxima Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [DC.] 4: 572 (Index) (1883)
= Spondias myrobalanus L.; Fl. Jamaic. (Linnaeus) 16 (1759)
= Spondias pseudomyrobalanus Tussac; Fl. Antill. 4: 97 (1827)
species :
Spondias novoguineensis Kosterm.; Kedondong, Ambarella, Amra Spondiadeae (Anacardiac.) Asia & Pacific: 59 (1991)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 SCZ VAN
species :
Spondias philippinensis (Elmer) Airy Shaw & Forman; Kew Bull. 21: 15 (1967)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 BOR NWG PHI SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euroschinus ledermannii Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 360 (1920)
= Pegia philippinensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 3100 (1919)
= Pentaspadon teleianthera Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 199 (1933)
= Phlebochiton philippinensis (Elmer) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 2: 472 (1923)
= Skoliostigma defolians Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 356 (1920)
= Solenocarpus philippinensis (Elmer) Kosterm.; New & Crit. Mal. Pl. 3: (For. Serv. Indonesia, Sect. For. Plann.) I (1955)
species :
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz; Prelim. Rep. For. et Veg. Pegu. Append. A. 44, app. B. 42 (1875)
Distribution: Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (S-Yunnan, S-Guangxi, Hainan); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Salt Range, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam. Bihar, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Langkawi Isl.); Sulawesi; Palawan (Culion); Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Panay, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Koror [I], Ngarakabesang [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I])
35 OMA 36 CHI 38 tai 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL 62 mic plu
Synonyms: hidden
= Buchanania yunnanensis C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 364, pl. 112, f. 4-6 (1979)
= Evia amara Comm. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 234 (1850)
= Mangifera pinnata L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 156 (1781) (1782)
= Poupartia acuminata (Roxb.) Wall.; Rep. Calcutta Bot. Gard. to G.A. Bushby: 32 (1840)
= Poupartia pinnata (L.f.) Blanco; Fl. Philipp. 392 (1837)
= Spondias acuminata Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2: 453 (1832)
= Spondias amara Lam.; Encycl. [Lam. et al.] 4(1): 261 (1797)
= Spondias bivenomarginalis K.M.Feng & P.I Mao; Acta Bot. Yunnanica 6(1): 71 (1984)
= Spondias macrophylla Wall.; Numer. List no. 8480 (1847)
= Spondias mangifera var. javanica Koord. & Valeton; Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 4: 105 (1896)
= Spondias mangifera Willd.; Sp. Pl. 2(1): 751-752 (1799)
= Spondias paniculata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 173 (1834)
= Spondias sinensis Lour. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 806 (1821), nom. nud.
= Wirtgenia decandra Jungh.; Flora 27: 625 (1844)
species :
Spondias purpurea L.; Sp. Pl. ed. II. 613 (1762)
Name: Jamaica Plum, Spanish Plum, Hog Plum, Purple Plum, Purple mombin
Distribution: Gambia [I]; Taiwan [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Laos [c]; Vietnam [c]; Philippines [c]; New Caledonia [I]; Nauru [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Raiatea [I]); Palau [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. John [I]); Anguilla [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; Antigua [I]; Barbuda [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Sucre, Tolima); Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [c]; NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
22 gam 38 tai 40 ban 41 lao vie 42 phi 60 nru nwc 61 sci 62 mic plu 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 aba agu bah bbd cay cub gdl gre his jam mar pue ste stl stv trt ven vir 82 CLM SWC VEN 83 bol ecu gal per 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spondias crispula Beurl.; Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854 (1856), 119
= Spondias jocote-amarillo Kosterm.; Kedondong, Ambarella, Amra Spondiadeae (Anacardiac.) Asia & Pacific: 27 (1991) (nom. nov. for S. cirouella)
= Spondias mexicana S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 403 (1887)
= Spondias negrosensis Kosterm.; Kedondong, Ambarella, Amra Spondiadeae (Anacardiac.) Asia & Pacific: 28 (1991)
= Spondias oliviformis W.Bull; Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 60: 31 (1871)
= Spondias purpurea f. lutea Fawc. & Rendle; Fl. Jamaica 5: 17 (1926)
= Spondias purpurea var. munita I.M.Johnst.; Sargentia 8: 182 (1949)
= Warmingia pauciflora Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12: II. 281 (1874)
species :
Spondias radlkoferi Donn.Sm.; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 16: 194 (1891)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Chocó, Córdoba, Santander, Sucre); Ecuador
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Spondias nigrescens Pittier; Contr. US. Nat. Herb. 18: 75 (1914)
species :
Spondias tefyi J.D.Mitch., Daly & Randrian.; Brittonia 64(3): 263 (2012)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Spondias testudinis Mitch. & Daly; Brittonia 50(4): 447-451 (1998)
Name: Casharana de monte
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Pando); N-Brazil (Acre)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA
species :
Spondias tuberosa Arruda; Trav. Brazil 496 (1816)
Name: Umbu, Brazil Plum
Distribution: ?Honduras [I]; NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Spondias venulosa (Mart. ex Engl.) Engl.; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 245 (1883)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spondias purpurea var. venulosa Mart. ex Engl.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(2): 373 (1876)
= Spondias venosa Mart. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 2: 37 (1834)
species :
Spondias xerophila Kosterm.; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus., 34(1-2): 107 (1981)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
species :
Spondias ×robe Urb.; Ark. Bot., Stockh. 22: A. No. 17, 21 (1929)
Name: Robe (Dominican Republic), Mombin espagnole (Haiti)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Remarks: Spondias mombin x purpurea
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (June 2nd, 2024)

Covering 354,917 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,761 synonyms,
in total 1,408,091* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life