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519.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
Latest phylogeny: Zhao et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 7866; hybrids: 382
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
519.5414 Genus Trichostema L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 598 (1753)
Distribution: North America
Species listed in database: 26
= Eplingia L.O.Williams; Fieldiana, Bot. 36(3): 18 (1973)
= Isanthus Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 3, t. 30 (1803)
species :
Trichostema arizonicum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 371 (1872)
Name: Arizona bluecurls
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Trichostema austromontanum F.H.Lewis; Brittonia 5: 284 (1945) ex K. S. McClell. & Weakley, Madroño 68(1): 21 (2021)
subspecies :
subsp. austromontanum
Name: San Jacinto bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
subspecies :
subsp. compactum F.H.Lewis; Brittonia 5: 285 (1945), et Madroño 68(1): 22 (2021)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Trichostema bridgesii-orzellii K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 114 (2023)
Distribution: USA (Florida: Lake, Highlands, Orange, Osceola, Polk Cos.)
76 USA 78 USA
species :
Trichostema coeruleum (Michx.) K.S.McClell. & Weakley; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(1): 222 (2023)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: formerly called T. dichotomum
Synonyms: hidden
= Isanthus coeruleus Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 4 (1803)
= Isanthus multiflorus Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 85 (1837)
= Isanthus pubescens Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 85 (1837)
= Isanthus pumilus Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 34 (1837)
species :
Trichostema dichotomum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 598 (1753)
Name: Bastard pennyroyal, Forked blue curls (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: formerly called T. brachiatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Isanthus brachiatus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 44 (1888)
= Isanthus brachiatus var. linearis Fassett; Rhodora 35: 388 (1933)
= Trichostema brachiatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 598 (1753)
= Trichostema dichotomum var. puberulum Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 39: 445 (1937)
= Trichostema pilosum Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 280 (1821)
species :
Trichostema floridanum K.S.McClell. & Weakley; Phytotaxa 603(2): 100 (2023)
Distribution: USA (Florida: coastal peninsula); Bahamas (Grand Bahama)
78 USA 81 BAH
species :
Trichostema fruticosum K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 106 (2023)
Distribution: USA (SW-Alabama, Florida, SE-Georgia, S-Mississippi)
78 USA
species :
Trichostema gracile K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 118 (2023)
Distribution: USA (Florida: C-peninsula)
78 USA
species :
Trichostema hobe K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 122 (2023)
Distribution: USA (E-Florida)
Error
species :
Trichostema lanatum Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 659 (1833)
Name: Woolly bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichostema lanatum var. denudatum A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2, 2(1): 459 (1886)
species :
Trichostema lanceolatum Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 659 (1833)
Name: Vinegarweed
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Trichostema latens K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 112 (2023)
Distribution: USA (NW-Florida: Franklin Co.)
78 USA
species :
Trichostema laxum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 387 (1868)
Name: Turpentine weed
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichostema laxum var. rubrisepalum Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 862 (1925)
species :
Trichostema mexicanum Epling; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 509 (1940)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Trichostema micranthum A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 348 (1878)
Name: Smallflower bluecurls
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Trichostema microphyllum K.S.McClell.; Phytotaxa 603(2): 126 (2023)
Distribution: USA (W-Florida)
Error
species :
Trichostema nesophilum K.S.McClell. & Weakley; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13(1): 109 (2019)
Distribution: USA (North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
species :
Trichostema oblongum Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 659 (1833)
Name: Oblong bluecurls
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
species :
Trichostema ovatum Curran; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(3): 154 (1885)
Name: San Joaquin bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Trichostema parishii Vasey; Bot. Gaz. 6: 173 (1881)
Name: Parish´s bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Trichostema purpusii Brandegee; Zoë 5: 254 (1908)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eplingia saxicola L.O.Williams; Fieldiana, Bot. 36(3): 18 (1973)
species :
Trichostema rubisepalum Elmer; Bot. Gaz. 41: 310 (1906)
Name: Hernandez´s bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichostema laxum var. rubisepalum (Elmer) Jeps.
species :
Trichostema ruygtii F.H.Lewis; Madroño 53(3): 282 (2006)
Distribution: USA (California: Napa Co.)
76 USA
species :
Trichostema setaceum Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 2, 9: 428 (1778)
Name: Narrowleaf bluecurls
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichostema dichotomum var. lineare (Walter) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 414 (1813)
= Trichostema lineare Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 39 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Trichostema lineare Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 164 (1788)
= Trichostema linearifolium Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 13: 15 (1853)
species :
Trichostema simulatum Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 862 (1925)
Name: Siskiyou bluecurls
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichostema laetum Greene; West Amer. Pl. 2: 18 (1903), nomen
species :
Trichostema suffrutescens Kearney; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 483 (1894)
Name: Florida scrub bluecurls
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life