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398.0000 Family Molluginaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 158 (1825), nom. cons.
11 genera, ca. 95 spp. Revision see Thulin et al. (2016). Phylogeny: Sukhorukov et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 101
= Adenogrammaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 101 (1942)
= Adenogrammeae Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 274 (1839)
= Adenogramminae K.Müll.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42(Beibl. 97): 93 (1908)
= Adenogrammoideae Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 122 (1860)
= Glinaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 64 (1835)
= Hypertelidinae Z.H.Feng; Plant 13(3): 151 (2025)
= Mollugineae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 302 (1830), not validly publ.
= Mollugininae Fenzl ex Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 130, Comm. 95 (1838)
= Molluginoideae Lindl.; Veg. Kingd. 498 (1846)
= Paramollugininae Z.H.Feng; Plant 13(3): 151 (2025)
= Pharnaceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 477 (1820)
= Pharnaceinae Kitt.; Nouv. Élém. Bot., ed. 3, Germ. transl. 913 (1840)
= Polpodaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 102 (1942)
= Polpodeae Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 300 (1839)
= Polpodoideae Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 121 (1860)
398.0009 Genus Trigastrotheca F.Muell.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 9: 16 (1857)
Distribution: Australia, tropical Asia, India
Species listed in database: 4
species :
Trigastrotheca molluginis F.Muell.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 9: 16 (1857)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo molluginis (F.Muell.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 636 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Mollugo trigastrotheca F.Muell.; Pl. Victoria 1: 201 (1862)
species :
Trigastrotheca pentaphylla (L.) Thulin; Taxon 65(4): 775-793 (2016)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Daman, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagar Haveli, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Singapore [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I])
40 BAN IND SRL 42 sng 62 mic
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo pentaphylla L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 89 (1753)
= Pharnaceum pentaphyllum (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 949 (1824)
= Pharnaceum triphyllum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 949 (1824), nom. illeg.
species :
Trigastrotheca rupestris (T.Cooke) Sukhor.; Skvortsovia 3(1): 47 (2016)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo pentaphylla var. rupestris T.Cooke; Fl. Bombay 1: 558 (1901)
species :
Trigastrotheca stricta (L.) Thulin; Taxon 65(4): 775-793 (2016)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Xinjiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara); Nepal; India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia [I]; Fiji; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror); Northern Marianas (Guam); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ nwc 62 MIC MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo linkii Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 392 (1824)
= Mollugo malabarica Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1354 (1841)
= Mollugo multiflora Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5, Art. 4: 20 (1790)
= Mollugo paniculata Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 32 (1768)
= Mollugo pentaphylla var. stricta (L.) Hochr.; Candollea 2: 356 (1925)
= Mollugo stricta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 131 (1762)
= Mollugo stricta var. angustifolia Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 177 (1873)
= Mollugo stricta var. latifolia Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 177 (1873)
= Mollugo subserrata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 51 (1837)
= Mollugo sumatrana Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 29 (1918)
= Mollugo trifolia Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 471 (1824)
= Mollugo triphylla Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 62 (1790)
= Pharnaceum linkii D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1014 (1840)
= Pharnaceum malabaricum Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 4: 1404 (1835)
= Pharnaceum multiflorum (Ser. ex DC.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 422 (1831)
= Pharnaceum strictum (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 949 (1824)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life