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491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.7525 Genus Vangueriella Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 189 (1987)
Distribution: Tropical (mainly West) Africa eastward to Uganda (1)
Species listed in database: 18
species :
Vangueriella campylacantha (Mildbr.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 196 (1987)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 GUI NGA SIE 23 CMN CON ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Plectronia campylacantha Mildbr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1910-11), Bot. 2: 64 (1922), nomen, et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 201 (1924), descr.
= Vangueriopsis setosa Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 268 (1928)
= Vangueriopsis subulata Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 268 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella chlorantha (K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon
22 NGA 23 BIO CMN EQG GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Plectronia chlorantha K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 458 (1897)
= Vangueriopsis chlorantha (K.Schum.) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 255 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella discolor (Benth.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Benin; Central African Republic
22 GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI SEN SIE 23 CAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium discolor Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 409 (1849)
= Vangueriopsis discolor (Benth.) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 264 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella georgesii Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 195 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
species :
Vangueriella glabrescens (Robyns) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 197 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Vangueriopsis glabrescens Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 269 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella laxiflora (K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 192 (1987)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Plectronia calycophila K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 73 (1899)
= Plectronia laxiflora K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 459 (1897)
= Vangueriopsis calycophila (K.Schum.) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 256 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella letestui Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 194 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
species :
Vangueriella nigerica (Robyns) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: SW-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 BEN BKN GHA IVO NGA TOG 23 CMN CON ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Vangueriopsis lanceolata Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 264 (1928)
= Vangueriopsis nigerica Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 261 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella nigricans (Robyns) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Vangueriopsis nigricans Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 257 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella olacifolia (Robyns) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON EQG GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Vangueriopsis olacifolia Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 259 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella orthacantha (Mildbr.) Bridson & Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 198 (1987)
Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 GHA IVO LBR 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium orthacanthum Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 334 (1928)
= Plectronia orthacantha Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 201 (1924)
= Vangueria reygaertii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 171 (1925)
species :
Vangueriella rhamnoides (Hiern) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 197 (1987)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Angola
23 ZAI 24 SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium rhamnoides Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 472 (1898)
= Plectronia rhamnoides (Hiern) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 393 (1898)
species :
Vangueriella rufa (Robyns) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 195 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Vangueriopsis rufa Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 266 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella sapinii (De Wild.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 196 (1987)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium sapinii (De Wild.) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 334 (1928)
= Vangueria sapini De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 173 (1925)
species :
Vangueriella soyauxii (K.Schum.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 196 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda
23 CAB CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Plectronia decidua K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 74 (1899)
= Plectronia soyauxii K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 92 (1891)
= Vangueriopsis decidua (K.Schum.) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 267 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella spinosa (Schumach. & Thonn.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 194 (1987)
Distribution: S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria
22 BEN GHA IVO NGA TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium stenosepalum Lantz; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 279 (2004)
= Canthium thonningii Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 410 (1849)
= Chomelia leucodermis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 136 (1909)
= Phallaria spinosa Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 113 (1827)
= Plectronia klotzschiana K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 460 (1897)
= Plectronia spinosa (Schumach. & Thonn.) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 459 (1897), nom. illeg.
= Vangueriopsis leucodermis (K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 116 (1931)
= Vangueriopsis membranacea Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 271 (1928)
= Vangueriopsis spinosa (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 17: 170 (1963)
= Vangueriopsis violacea Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 270 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella vanguerioides (Hiern) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 193 (1987)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; ?Benin
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR SIE TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium vanguerioides Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 146 (1877)
= Plectronia vanguieroides (Hiern) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 460 (1897)
= Vangueriopsis vanguerioides (Hiern) Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 11: 260 (1928)
species :
Vangueriella zenkeri Verdc.; Kew Bull. 42(1): 192 (1987), nom. nov.
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN EN (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Plectronia macrocarpa K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 351 (1903), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life