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519.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
Latest phylogeny: Zhao et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 7866; hybrids: 382
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
519.5302 Genus Volkameria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 637 (1753)
Distribution: Tropics. There are at least 13 undescribed species in Madagascar.
Species listed in database: 14
= Cornacchinia Savi; Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Mem. Fis. 21: 184 (1837)
= Douglassia Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754), nom. rej.
= Huxleya Ewart; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 25: 109 (1912)
species :
Volkameria acerbiana Vis.; Comment. Med. [Spongia] 2: 207 (1836)
Distribution: Egypt (Nile Valley); Senegal; Gambia; ?Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
20 EGY 22 GAM SEN 24 SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum acerbianum (Vis.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 1156 (1876)
= Clerodendrum holstii Gürke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 21 (1894), nomen
= Cornacchinia fragiformis Savi; Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Mem. Fis. 21: 185 (1837)
species :
Volkameria aculeata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 637 (1753)
Name: Botón de oro, Descamisador, Escambrón blanco; Crab prickle, Prickly myrtle
Distribution: Egypt [I]; Senegal [I]; Mali [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; D. R. Congo (Zaire [I]); Pakistan [I] (Pakistani Punjab [I]); India [I] (Indian Punjab [I], Gujarat [I], Maharashtra [I], West Bengal [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I]); Bermuda; Mexico (Quintana Roo, Veracruz); Honduras; Bahamas (Inagua, New Providence); Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Puerto Rico (incl. Cabras Isl., Culebra Isl., Pineros Isl., Vieques Isl.); Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Buck, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe (incl. La Désirade); Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Colombia (Bolívar, Tolima); Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Aragua, Bolívar, Dependencias Federales, Falcón, Guárico, Sucre, Zulia); Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador (Guayas); Brazil (Pará, Roraima)
20 egy 22 ben mli sen tog 40 ban ind pak 50 aus 79 MEX 80 HON 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD BER CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STM STV TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl.; Linnaea 6: 750 (1831)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum f. acutifolium Kereszty; Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 45 (1990-1991 publ. 1991)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum f. lanceolatum Kereszty; Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 48 (1990-1991 publ. 1991)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum f. mucronatum Kereszty; Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 45 (1990-1991 publ. 1991)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum f. orientale Kereszty; Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 48 (1990-1991 publ. 1991)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum f. rotundatum Kereszty; Acta Bot. Hung. 36: 48 (1990-1991 publ. 1991)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile Griseb. ex Moldenke; Caribbean Forest. 2(1): 13 (1940)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum var. grandifolium Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 505 (1891)
= Clerodendrum aculeatum var. parvifolium Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 505 (1891)
= Clerodendrum angustifolium (Poir.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 758 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Clerodendrum duckei Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 444 (1940)
= Clerodendrum linifolium (Ewart & B.Rees) de Kok; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 32: 43 (2004)
= Clerodendrum ternifolium Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 244 (1818)
= Clerodendrum ternifolium var. mexiae Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 460 (1940)
= Clerodendrum ternifolium var. serratifolium Moldenke; Phytologia 51(2): 162 (1982)
= Clerodendrum ternifolium var. velutinosum Moldenke; Phytologia 33(2): 129 (1976)
= Huxleya linifolia Ewart & Rees; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 25: 109 (1912)
= Ovieda aculeata (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 11: 95 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Volkameria angustifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 688 (1808)
= Volkameria linifolia (Ewart & B.Rees) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59(1): 131 (2010)
species :
Volkameria aggregata (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59(1): 132 (2010)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum aggregatum Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 177 (1894)
species :
Volkameria eriophylla (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59(1): 132 (2010)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia
25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum eriophylloides Moldenke; Phytologia 9: 183 (1963)
= Clerodendrum eriophyllum Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 178 (1894)
species :
Volkameria glabra (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59: 132 (2010)
Name: Tinderwood, KwaZulu-Natal glorybower
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania (incl. Pemba Isl., Mafia Isl.); Zanzibar; Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Comores (Assumption, Cosmoledo, South); La Réunion; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); Seychelles (Astove); India [I] (Gujarat [I], Maharashtra [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Bermuda [I]; Guatemala [I]
25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 ALD COM REU SEY 40 ind 78 usa 80 gua 81 ber
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum capense D.Don ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 382 (1841)
= Clerodendrum capense Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Schauer; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 661 (1847)
= Clerodendrum glabratum Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 295 (1900)
= Clerodendrum glabrum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 273 (1838)
= Clerodendrum glabrum f. pubescens R.Fern.; Mem. Soc. Brot. 30: 11 (1998), nom. illeg.
= Clerodendrum glabrum var. angustifolium E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 273 (1838)
= Clerodendrum glabrum var. minutiflorum (Baker) Fosberg; Kew Bull. 33: 143 (1978)
= Clerodendrum glabrum var. ovale H.Pearson; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 219 (1901)
= Clerodendrum glabrum var. pubescens B.Thomas; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 77 (1936)
= Clerodendrum glabrum var. vagum (Hiern) Moldenke; Phytologia 13: 306 (1966)
= Clerodendrum minutiflorum Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 150 (1894)
= Clerodendrum ovale Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 257 (1861)
= Clerodendrum ovalifolium Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] A 124 (1895), orth. var.
= Clerodendrum rehmannii Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 294 (1900)
= Clerodendrum somalense Chiov.; Agric. Colon. 20: 103 (1926)
= Premna suaveolens Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 360 (1932)
= Siphonanthus glaber (E.Mey.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 842 (1900)
= Siphonanthus glaber var. incarnatus Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 842 (1900)
= Siphonanthus glaber var. vaga Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 842 (1900)
species :
Volkameria globosa (Moldenke) Satthaphorn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 204(2): 133 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum globosum Moldenke; Amer. J. Bot. 38: 324 (1951)
species :
Volkameria heterophylla Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 687 (1808)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Australia [I] (Queensland [I])
29 MAU REU 40 IND 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum heterophyllum (Poir.) R.Br.; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 4: 64 (1812)
= Clerodendrum heterophyllum f. angustifolium Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 315 (1950)
= Clerodendrum heterophyllum f. baueri (Moldenke) Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11: 117 (1989)
= Clerodendrum heterophyllum var. baueri Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 127 (1952)
= Volkameria angustifolia Andrews; Bot. Repos. 9: t. 554 (1809), nom. illeg.
species :
Volkameria inermis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 637 (1753)
Name: Embrert
Distribution: Tunisia [I]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Mauritius; Bahrain; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong); Japan (Oshima); Ryukyu Isl. (Amami Oshima, Aragusuku, Iriomote-jima, Ishigakijima, Miyakojima, Okinawa Isl., Shimoji Isl., Taketomi, Tanegashima, Yonagunijima); Taiwan; Pakistan [I]; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (Johore, Malacca, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Langkawi); Singapore; Sumatera (incl. Krakatau, Lingga Arch., Simeulue, Bangka Isl., Batu Isl., Bintan, Sebangka, Simeulue, Singkep, Verlaten); Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak, Sedanau Isl.); Sulawesi (incl. Doerian, Tukangbesi); Philippines (throughout); Jawa (incl. Kangean, Madura, Karimandjawa, Karimata, Klein Kombuis, Paliat, Saseel); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Buton, Kajoewadi, Lombok, Savoe, Sebesi, Sumbawa, Timor); Moluccas (Ambon, Buru, Seram, Halmaheira, Jamdena, Kei Isl., Little Seram, Sanana, Tanimbar); Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (NE-New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Los Negros, Misima, Radack, Saibai, Sudest, Uramu); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty, Bismarck, Mussau, New Britain, New Ireland); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal); Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu (Efate); Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Eua, Lifuka, Niuatoputapu, Nomuka, Tongatapu, Vava´u); Niue; Fiji (Fulanga, Kabara Isl., Kandavu, Koro Isl., Moala, Oqea Levu Isl., Ovalau, Vanua Levu, Vanua Balavu, Viti Levu); Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I], Orona [I], Manra [I]); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Tarawa, Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Onotoa); Nauru; N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I], Tabueran [I]); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang, Peleliu, Angaur, Sonsorol); Northern Marianas (Sarigan, Pagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ulithi, Eauripik, Woleai, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Satawal, Namonuito, Nomwin, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Uman, Piis, Losap, Etal, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Ant, Pohnpei, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Bikini, Enewetok, Ailinginae, Rongelap, Utirik, Ujelang, Wotho, Lae, Kwajalein, Ailuk, Jemo, Likiep, Ailinglapalap, Majuro, Arno, Jaluit)
20 tun 23 ZAI 29 MAU 35 BAR 36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV pak SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NRU NUE NWC phx ROT SAM TON TUV VAN WAL 61 lin 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Catesbaea javanica Osbeck; Dagb. Ostind. Resa 92 (1757)
= Clerodendrum buxifolium (Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 758 (1825)
= Clerodendrum capsulare Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 509 (1837)
= Clerodendrum commersonii (Poir.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 758 (1825)
= Clerodendrum coriaceum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 353 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Clerodendrum coromandelianum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 758 (1825)
= Clerodendrum emarginatum Briq.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 348 (1896)
= Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 271 (1788)
= Clerodendrum inerme f. parvifolium Moldenke; Phytologia 32(1): 46 (1975)
= Clerodendrum inerme var. macrocarpum (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Moldenke; Phytologia 22: 6 (1971)
= Clerodendrum inerme var. neriifolium Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 266 (1877)
= Clerodendrum inerme var. oceanicum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 50 (1862)
= Clerodendrum javanicum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 759 (1825)
= Clerodendrum neriifolium (Roxb.) Wall. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 383 (1841)
= Clerodendrum neriifolium var. macrocarpum Wall. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 589 (1885)
= Clerodendrum ovalifolium (A.Juss.) Bakh.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 3: 95 (1921), nom. illeg.
= Clerodendrum ovatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 352 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Ovieda inermis (L.) Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 136 (1768)
= Ovieda ovalifolia A.Juss.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 76 (1806)
= Vitex pinnata f. anomala Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 184 (1953)
= Volkameria buxifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 658 (1809)
= Volkameria commersonii Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 688 (1808)
= Volkameria neriifolia Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 64 (1832)
species :
Volkameria ligustrina Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 5: 118 (1797)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aegiphila paludosa Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 191 (1913)
= Clerodendrum culinare Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 151 (1894)
= Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R.Br.; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 4: 64 (1812)
= Clerodendrum ligustrinum var. nicaraguense Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 416 (1940)
= Clerodendrum ligustrinum var. paludosum (Brandegee) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 5: 1 (1937)
= Clerodendrum mexicanum Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 391 (1909)
= Volkameria ligustrina var. nicaraguensis (Moldenke) Rueda; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 131: 592 (2015)
species :
Volkameria mollis (Kunth) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59(1): 132 (2010)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, La Guajira); Ecuador (Guayas, Manabí); Galápagos (Isabela, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santa Maria, Santiago); Peru (San Martín)
80 PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU GAL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum molle Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 244 (1818)
= Clerodendrum molle var. glabrescens Svenson; Amer. J. Bot. 22: 251 (1935)
species :
Volkameria parvula (L.S.Sm.) Satthaphorn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 204(2): 133 (2023)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum parvulum L.S.Sm.; Contr. Queensland Herb. 6: 19 (1969)
species :
Volkameria pittieri (Moldenke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan; Taxon 59(1): 132 (2010)
Distribution: Guatemala; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Bolívar); Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal); Ecuador (Esmeraldas); Peru
80 COS GUA NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum pittieri Moldenke ex Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1003 (1938), anglice, Moldenke in Phytologia 1: 416 (1940), latine
species :
Volkameria rodriguesiana Satthaphorn; Phytotaxa 762(2): 198 (2026), nom. nov.
Distribution: Rodrigues
29 ROD
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum laciniatum Balf.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 19 (1877)
= Volkameria laciniata (Balf.f.) Satthaphorn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 204(2): 133 (2023), nom. illeg.
species :
Volkameria tatei (F.Muell.) Satthaphorn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 204(2): 133 (2023)
Distribution: Zimbabwe [I]; Australia (Northern Territory)
26 zim 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendrum holtzei F.Muell.; J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New S. Wales 24: 75 (1891)
= Clerodendrum tatei (F.Muell.) Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11(2): 143 (1989)
= Strobilanthes tatei F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 5: 81 (1882)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life