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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.1502 Genus Xanthophytum Reinw. ex Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 57 (1823), et Bijdr. 989
Distribution: S-China (4), trop. Asia, 1 Vanuatu and Fiji
Species listed in database: 33
= Paedicalyx Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 88 (1922)
= Xanthophytopsis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 90 (1922)
= Siderobombyx Bremek.; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 204 (1947)
species :
Xanthophytum alopecurum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 446 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum attopevense (Pierre ex Pit.) H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 32 (1986)
Distribution: China (Hainan); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Paedicalyx attopevensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 88 (1922)
species :
Xanthophytum balansae (Pit.) H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 31 (1986)
Distribution: China (Guangxi); N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Xanthophytopsis balansae Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 90 (1922)
species :
Xanthophytum biceps Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 316 (1925)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Ulu Tahan, Pahang)
42 MLY
species :
Xanthophytum borneense (Valeton) Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 458 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Xanthophytum fruticulosum var. borneense Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] 4: t. 157 (1912)
species :
Xanthophytum brookei Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 449 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Xanthophytum bullatum Tange; Nordic J. Bot. 15(6): 578 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum calycinum (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif. 186 (1890)
Distribution: Vanuatu; Fiji
60 FIJ VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Lerchea calycina A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 31l (1858 publ. 1859)
species :
Xanthophytum capitatum Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 542 (1910)
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Xanthophytum capitellatum Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 316 (1925)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Terengganu)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Xanthophytum capitatum Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 139 (1920), nom. illeg.
species :
Xanthophytum cylindricum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 445 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum ferrugineum (DC.) Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 270 (1937)
Distribution: Borneo; Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Panay, Mindanao)
42 BOR PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Metabolos ferrugineus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 436 (1830)
= Sclerococcus ferrugineus Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 436 (1830), nom. inval.
= Xanthophytum fruticulosum var. brevipes Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] 4: t. 157 (1912)
= Xanthophytum fruticulosum var. ferrugineum (DC.) Hochr.; Candollea 5: 245 (1934)
= Xanthophytum villarii Vidal; Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 150 (1886)
species :
Xanthophytum foliaceum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 441 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum fruticulosum Reinw. ex Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 57 (1823)
Distribution: Sumatera; Borneo; Jawa
42 BOR JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lerchea fruticulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Reinw. ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 165 (1851)
= Lerchea fruticulosa var. brachyphylla Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 155 (1902)
= Lerchea fruticulosa var. megalosperma Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 155 (1902)
species :
Xanthophytum glabrum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 450 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Sabah); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Xanthophytum glomeratum Valeton ex Bakh.f.; Blumea 7: 335 (1953)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum grandiflorum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 479 (1990)
Distribution: New Guinea (Louisiade Arch.)
42 NWG
species :
Xanthophytum grandifolium Valeton ex Bakh.f.; Blumea 7: 336 (1953)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum involucratum Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 13: 121 (1918)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum johannis-winkleri Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 271 (1937)
Distribution: Vietnam; Borneo
41 VIE 42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum kinabaluense (Bremek.) Tange; Nordic J. Bot. 15(6): 575 (1995 publ. 1996), nom. nov.
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Myrioneuron borneense Stapf; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 175 (1894)
= Siderobombyx kinabaluensis Bremek.; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 205 (1947)
species :
Xanthophytum kwangtungense (Chun & F.C.How) H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 32 (1986)
Distribution: China (SE-Guangxi, S-Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Xanthophytopsis kwangtungensis Chun & F.C.How; Sunyatsenia 4: 14 (1939)
species :
Xanthophytum longipedunculatum Merr.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 43 (1923)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum magnisepalum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 482 (1990)
Distribution: New Guinea (Louisiade Arch.)
42 NWG
species :
Xanthophytum minus Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 435 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum nitens Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 475 (1990)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Louisiade Arch.)
42 NWG
species :
Xanthophytum olivaceum Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 271 (1937)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum papuanum Wernham; J. Bot. 56: 70 (1918)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Xanthophytum polyanthum Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 91 (1922)
Distribution: China (Hainan); N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
species :
Xanthophytum pubistylosum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 464 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum semiorbiculare (Bakh.f.) Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 441 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Xanthophytum glomeratum var. semiorbiculare Bakh.f.; Blumea 7: 335 (1953)
species :
Xanthophytum sessile Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 434 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Xanthophytum setosum Axelius; Blumea 34(2): 456 (1990)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life