Name: Devil´s horsewhip (EN), Rabo de Gato (ES), Spreublume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Sicily [I]; Western Sahara; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], SE-Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Santa Luzia Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Comores; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl.); La Réunion; Rodrigues; Iles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., St. Pierre Isl., Farquhar Isl.); Seychelles (incl. African Banks Isl., Remire Isl., Coetivy Isl., Darros Isl.); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Hahajima, Imohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Magway, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; North Keeling Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea [I]; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl. (incl. Roach Isl.); Norfolk Isl. (Nepean Isl.); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl. [I], Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Gilbert Isl.; Nauru; N-Line Isl. [I] (Tabueran [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I], Mohotani [I], Tahuata [I], Ua Huka [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I], Huahine [I], Mehetia [I]); Gambier Isl. (Aukena, Mangareva); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Hao [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Rimatara [I], Rurutu [I], Raivavae [I], Rapa Iti [I], Tubuai [I]); Oeno Atoll; Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau (Ngeanges, Peleliu, Angaur, Sonsorol, Tobi); Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Pagan, Maug, Asuncion, Agrihan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Ulithi, Fais, Eauripik, Woleai, Faraulep, Ifalik, Satawal, Namonuito, Murilo, Nomwin, Truk, Piis, Nama, Namoluk, Lukunor, Satawan, Kapingamarangi, Mokil, Pohnpei); Marshall Isl. (Enewetok, Bikini, Rongelap, Taka, Utirik, Jemo); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I], Laysan Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Florida [I], Louisiana [I]); Mexico [I] (widespread); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Clipperton Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Navassa Isl. [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); Saba [I]; Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]
11 ger 13 sic 20 egy WSA 21 azo cvi mdr 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES NAM SAF SWZ 28 sth 29 ALD COM igl MAU mci MDG REU ROD SEY 34 AFG IRN ISR JOR LEB 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV MDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL nwg PHI SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS LHI NFK 60 ASA fij GIL NRU nue nwc ROT SAM TON TUV van 61 aui coo GBI lin mrq PIT sci tua 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU 63 haw 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cli cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba aru bbd bon cub cur gdl his jam mar nav pue sab stl stv ven vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra
Remarks: aspera agg. Only adventive in Eastern Polynesia (see also A. velutina). Some distribution records might refer to A. sicula
Synonyms: hidden
= Achyranthes acuminata E.Mey. ex Cooke & Wright; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 5(1): 429 (1910)
= Achyranthes aspera f. nigrescens Suess.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 15: 56 (1938)
= Achyranthes aspera f. subgrandifolia Suess.; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 12(2): 6 (1936)
= Achyranthes aspera var. australis (R.Br.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 84 (1921)
= Achyranthes aspera var. canescens (R.Br.) Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif.: 271 (1892)
= Achyranthes aspera var. nuristanica Kitam.; Fl. Afgh.: 107 (1960)
= Achyranthes aspera var. simplex Millsp.; Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 36 (1900)
= Achyranthes aspera var. villosior (Hensl.) D.M.Porter; Kew Bull. 37: 334 (1982)
= Achyranthes asperoides Pires de Lima; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 19: 116 (1921)
= Achyranthes australis R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 417 (1810)
= Achyranthes canescens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 1: 417 (1810)
= Achyranthes daito-insularis Tawada; Biol. Mag. 5: 32 (1968)
= Achyranthes ellipticifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 479 (1812)
= Achyranthes fruticosa Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 76 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Achyranthes grandifolia Moq.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 13(2): 313 (1849)
= Achyranthes obovata Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 25 (1932), nom. illeg.
= Achyranthes obovatifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 480 (1812)
= Achyranthes okinawensis Tawada; J. Geobot. 19: 31 (1971)
= Achyranthes robusta C.H.Wright; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 5(1): 428 (1910)
= Achyranthes tenuifolia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 16 (1840), nom. inval.
= Achyranthes virgata Poir.; Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2: 10 (1811)
= Cadelaria punctata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 39 (1836)
= Achyranthes aspera var. virgata (Moq.) Boerl.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch., ser. 2, 5: 425 (1891)
= Centrostachys aspera (L.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad Sci. 5: 75 (1915)
= Achyranthes aspera f. robustiformis Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 70 (1950)
= Centrostachys australis (R.Br.) Standl.; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)
= Centrostachys canescens (R.Br.) Standl.; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 76 (1915)
= Centrostachys grandifolia (Moq.) Standl.; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 76 (1915)
= Stachyarpagophora aspera (L.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana 2: 312 (1896)
