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177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12106; hybrids: 385
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
177.4881 Genus Aira L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 63-66 (1753)
Distribution: W-Europe, Mediterranean, Northwest and South Africa, SW-Asia
Species listed in database: 11
= Aspris Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 496 (1763)
= Caryophyllea Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 27 (1852)
= Fiorinia Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 232 (1850)
= Fussia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 754 (1866)
= Salmasia Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317 (1873)
species :
Aira caryophyllea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 66 (1753)
Name: Nelken-Haferschmiele, Nelkenhafer (DE); Silver Hair-grass (EN); Heno comun (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; +San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare); Crete [I]; Latvia [I]; ?C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Fogo Isl.); Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Turkey [I] (W-Anatolia [I]); W-Tibet [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I] (Himachal Pradesh [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I] (incl. Stewart Isl. [I], Three Kings Isl. [I]); Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (Yukon [I], British Columbia [I], Queen Charlotte Isl. [I], Vancouver Isl. [I], Nova Scotia [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], NW-Wyoming [I], E-Texas [I], S-Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Illinois [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], N-Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I], Maine [I]); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Antofagasta [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS kri MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY lat UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 NGA 23 BIO CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW 34 tur 36 tib 40 ind pak 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 70 cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm 83 ecu 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 fal tdc
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 25 (1796)
= Aira aggregata Timeroy ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 702 (1857)
= Aira armoricana F.Albers; Willdenowia 9(2): 283 (1979)
= Aira bachiti Hochst. ex Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8: 342 (1908), in obs., nomen, C. E. Hubb. in Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 10: 88 (1937), in syn.
= Aira canescens Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: t. 36 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Aira caryophyllea f. pallescens Neuman; Bot. Not. 1894: 108 (1894)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. anceps (Ces., Pass. & Gibelli) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 775 (1882)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. armoricana (F.Albers) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 110: 56 (1983)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. patulipes (Jord. ex Boreau) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 53 (1890)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. reverchonii (Murb.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 94 (1942)
= Aira caryophyllea var. aggregata (Jord.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 11: 70 (1873)
= Aira caryophyllea var. anceps Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 60 (1867)
= Aira caryophyllea var. curta (Jord. ex Boreau) Gaut.; Cat. Fl. Corbières 309 (1912)
= Aira caryophyllea var. divaricata (F.W.Schultz) Husn.; Graminées 2: 33 (1897), nom. illeg.
= Aira caryophyllea var. divergens N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 311 (1838)
= Aira caryophyllea var. expansa K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 390 (1848)
= Aira caryophyllea var. hostii (Steud.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 106 (1913)
= Aira caryophyllea var. latigluma (Steud.) C.E.Hubb.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 10: 88 (1937)
= Aira caryophyllea var. magna P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 6: 419 (1964)
= Aira caryophyllea var. maior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 327 (1828)
= Aira caryophyllea var. major Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 860 (1869)
= Aira caryophyllea var. minima Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 65 (1836)
= Aira caryophyllea var. minor Brongn.; Voy. Monde, Phan. [Brongniart] 24 (1829)
= Aira caryophyllea var. minor Pauquy; Stat. Bot. 453 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Aira caryophyllea var. patulipes (Jord. ex Boreau) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 11: 70 (1873)
= Aira caryophyllea var. patulipes Le Grand; Stat. Bot. Forez 238 (1873)
= Aira caryophyllea var. reverchonii (Murb.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 350 (1953)
= Aira caryophyllea var. saxatilis Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 59 (1830)
= Aira caryophyllea var. suzana Podp.; Kvetna Mor. Rakousk. Slezska 6: 287 (1926)
= Aira curta Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 701 (1857)
= Aira duriuscula Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 76 (1811)
= Aira edouardii Reut. ex Duval-Jouve; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 88 (1865)
= Aira fioriana Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 207 (1936 publ. 1951), nomen
= Aira hostii Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 221 (1854)
= Aira latigluma Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 221 (1854)
= Aira leersii Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 289 (1833), pro syn.
= Aira lensii Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 140 (1831)
= Aira lenzei Loisel. ex Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 620 (1856), nomen
= Aira mucronulata Sennen; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 128 (1933), nomen
= Aira multicaulis Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 292 (1833) orth. var.
= Aira nana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 45 (1840), pro syn.
= Aira nebrodensis Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 296 (1909)
= Aira patulipes Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 701 (1857)
= Aira praecox var. caryophyllea (L.) Royer; Fl. Côte-d´Or 1: 576 (1881)
= Aira pulchella f. brachyanthera Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 233 (1935)
= Aira purpureoargentea Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 526 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Aira reverchonii Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 18(3): 8 (1922)
= Aira rigida Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 82 (1867), pro syn.
= Aira saburralis Jan ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 148 (1843)
= Aira tenera Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 199 (1814)
= Aira tenera var. brachyanthera Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 931 (1941)
= Aira todaroi Ten. ex Tod.; Index Sem. (Panormitani) 1859: 30 (1859)
= Aira todaroi Tineo ex Ponzo; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1903: 201 (1903), nomen
= Aira truncata Salzm. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 58 (1831), pro syn.
= Airella caryophyllea (L.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868)
= Airopsis caryophyllea (L.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3: 180 (1845)
= Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 1: 214 (1913)
= Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber; Prim. Fl. Holsat. [Wiggers] 10 (1780)
= Avena caryophyllea var. divaricata F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 236 (1852)
= Avena caryophyllea var. elatior Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 196 (1847)
= Avenastrum caryophylleum (L.) Jess.; Deutschl. Gräser 217 (1863)
= Caryophyllea airoides (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 27 (1852)
= Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 754 (1866)
= Salmasia vulgaris Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 316 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Aira cupaniana Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 148 (1843)
Name: Silber-Schmielenhafer (DE); Silvery Hairgrass (EN); Heno lampino (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Greece (Kerkyra, Evvoia, Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl.; Sudan (Jbel Marra); South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Uruguay [I]
12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 24 SUD 27 les saf 34 EAI 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 76 usa 85 uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis herbacea Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 224 (1854), pro syn.
= Aira capillaris var. cupaniana (Guss.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 103 (1923)
= Aira capillaris var. cupaniana (Guss.) Sommier; Fl. Isola Giglio 93 (1900)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. cupaniana (Guss.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 358 (1894)
= Aira caryophyllea var. cupaniana (Guss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 67 (1896)
= Aira caryophyllea var. microstachya Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 95 (1855)
= Aira cupaniana subsp. incerta (Ces., Pass. & Gibelli) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 775 (1882)
= Aira cupaniana var. biaristata Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 284 (1899)
= Aira cupaniana var. divaricata (Salis) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 352 (1953)
= Aira cupaniana var. incerta Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 59 (1869)
= Aira cupaniana var. magnatutii Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 284 (1899)
= Aira lutescens Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 298 (1909)
= Aira praecox var. divaricata Salis; Flora 16: 474 (1833)
= Aira sorrentinoi Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 298 (1909)
= Aira uniaristata var. incerta (Ces., Pass. & Gibelli) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 45 (1931)
= Airella cupaniana (Guss.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868), in adnot.
= Airopsis cupaniana (Guss.) Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 1: 38 (1860)
= Avena cupaniana (Guss.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 414 (1855)
= Salmasia cupanii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 317 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 682 (1817)
Name: Zierliche Haferschmiele (DE); Delicate Hairgrass (EN); Heno elegante (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. all islands); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. (La Gomera); Mauritius [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Araucanía [I])
11 AUT ger HUN SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY 29 mau 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle uru
Remarks: Long known as A. elegantissima. Validity of name A. elegans fide Dimopoulos et al. (2016)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira ambigua De Not.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 5: (1846) 365 [non Michx. (1803)]
= Aira byzantina F.Albers; Willdenowia 9(2): 284 (1979)
= Aira capillaris Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 20, pl. 35 (1809) [non Savi 1798]
= Aira capillaris subsp. ambigua (Asch.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 775 (1882)
= Aira capillaris subsp. corsica (Nyman) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 775 (1882)
= Aira capillaris var. ambigua Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 831 (1864) [nom. nov.]
= Aira capillaris var. corsica (Nyman) Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 60 (1867)
= Aira capillaris var. divaricata Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 328 (1859)
= Aira capillaris var. pumila Herder; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1867: 25 (1868)
= Aira caryophyllea var. capillaris (Host) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 1: 68 (1842)
= Aira caryophyllea var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German., ed. 2 [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1(1): 139 (1836)
= Aira corsica Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 353 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Aira elegans Schleich. ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 327 (1828), nom. inval.
= Aira elegans subsp. ambigua (Asch.) Holub; Preslia 36: 251 (1964)
= Aira elegans subsp. notarisiana (Steud.) Soják; Sborn. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada B, Prír. Vedy 4: 137 (1963)
= Aira elegans var. biaristata Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 505 (1856)
= Aira elegans Willd. ex Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 355, 130 (1811), pro syn., nom. inval.
= Aira elegantissima Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: Anhang (Sert. Fl. Transsilv.) 85 (1853)
= Aira elegantissima subsp. ambigua (Asch.) Dogan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(3): 509 (1983)
= Aira elegantissima subsp. hosteana Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 176 (1973)
= Aira notarisiana (De Not) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 221 (1854)
= Aira saxatilis Salzm. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 59 (1830), pro syn.
= Aira sicula Tod.; Index Sem. (Panormitani) 1872: 38 (1872), nom. illeg.
= Airella capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868)
= Airella elegans (Willd. ex Gaudin) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868)
= Airopsis capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 328 (1859)
= Airopsis capillaris var. divaricatoramosa Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 328 (1859)
= Airopsis capillaris var. elegantissma (Schur) Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 328 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Airopsis elegans (Willd.) Fr. & D.Müll.; Index Sem. (Uppsala) 1853: [3] (1954)
= Airopsis setacea Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3: 180 (1842), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Aspris capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Hitchc.; Bull. U.S.D.A. (1913-23) 772: 116 (1920)
= Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 1: 577 (1823)
= Avena capillaris var. ambigua Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 414 (1855)
= Avena capillaris var. corsica Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 71 (1865)
= Avena capillaris var. elegantissima (Schur) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 71 (1865)
= Fussia capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 754 (1866)
= Fussia capillaris var. elegantissima (Schur) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 755 (1866)
= Salmasia elegans (Willd. ex Gaudin) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 318 (1901)
species :
Aira hercynica Romero Zarco, M.Á.Ortiz & L.Sáez; Syst. Bot. 45(1): 81 (2020)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain (widespread)
12 POR SPA
species :
Aira minoricensis P.Fraga, Romero Zarco & L.Sáez; Syst. Bot. 45(1): 79 (2020)
Distribution: Baleares (Menorca)
12 BAL
species :
Aira multiculmis Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 121 (1824)
Name: Vielblütige Nelken-Haferschmiele (DE)
Distribution: +Switzerland; Spain; France; Italy; Algeria; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (La Palma); New Zealand [I]
11 SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG 21 AZO CNY MDR 51 nzl
Remarks: There is considerable disagreement whether this is a separate species or only a variety, and also whether multiculmis and plesiantha are identical.
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira aggregata Timeroy ex Bor.; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 702 (1857)
= Aira aggregata var. sabulosa Mabille; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 25: 607 (1864)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis (Dumort.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 358 (1894)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis (Dumort.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 636 (1894)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. plesiantha (Jord. ex Boreau) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 53 (1890)
= Aira caryophyllea var. aggregata (Timeroy ex Bor.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 11: 70 (1873)
= Aira caryophyllea var. multiculmis (Dumort.) Bonnier & Layens, Tabl.Syn.Pl.Vasc.France 358 (1894)
= Aira multiculmis var. expansa Martrin-Donos; Fl. Tarn 794 (1864)
= Aira plesiantha Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 701 (1840)
= Aira praecox var. multiculmis (Dumort.) Royer; Fl. Côte-d´Or 1: 576 (1881)
= Airella multiculmis (Dumort.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868), in adnot.
= Airopsis multiculmis (Dumort.) Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 1: 38 (1860)
= Avena caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis (Dumort.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Avena caryophyllea var. aggregata (Timeroy ex Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Avena caryophyllea var. multiculmis (Dumort.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 414 (1855)
= Avena multiculmis Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 121 (1824)
= Salmasia multiculmis (Dumort.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 317 (1901)
species :
Aira praecox L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 65 (1753), nom. cons.
Name: Frühe Haferschmiele (DE); Early Hair-grass (EN); Heno fino (ES)
Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); +Switzerland; Poland; Czech Republic; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; NW-Italy; Croatia; Latvia; Lithuania; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Northern Caucasus; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Nova Scotia [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Uruguay [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 BGM CZE GER LUX NET POL SWI 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 13 CRO ITA 14 LAT LIT 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 saf 33 NCS 34 TUR 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 cle jnf uru 91 fal
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis praecox (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24 (1796)
= Aira canescens var. praecox (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 85 (1787)
= Aira gmelinii Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 212 (1782)
= Aira pusilla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 754 (1866), pro syn.
= Aira subspicata Rainv.; Fl. Belg. Foed. 74 (1781), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Airella praecox (L.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868), in adnot.
= Airopsis praecox (L.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant., Tertia 180 (1842)
= Aspris praecox (L.) Nash; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 1: 215 (1913)
= Avena caryophyllea unranked praecox (L.) Kuntze; Taschen-Fl. Leipzig [Kuntze] 45 (1867)
= Avena loefflingiana M.Geuns ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 660 (1817), pro syn.
= Avena nana Kunze ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 172 (1841), pro syn.
= Avena praecox (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 89, 149, 154 (1812)
= Avena pusilla Weber; Prim. Fl. Holsat. [Wiggers] 9 (1780)
= Avenastrum praecox (L.) Jess.; Deutschl. Gräser 217 (1863)
= Caryophyllea praecox (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 27 (1852)
= Fussia praecox (L.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 754 (1866)
= Salmasia praecox (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 316 (1901)
= Trisetum praecox (L.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 122, pl. 8, f. 30 (1824)
species :
Aira provincialis Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 142 (1852)
Distribution: Germany [I]; SE-France; Corsica; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I])
11 ger 12 COR FRA 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira capillaris subsp. provincialis (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 11: 11 (1931)
= Aira caryophyllea var. provincialis (Jord.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 67 (1796)
= Aira pulchella subsp. provincialis (Jord.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 281 (1899)
= Aira pulchella var. provincialis (Jord.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 103 (1923)
= Airella provincialis (Jord.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868), in adnot.
= Avena capillaris subsp. provincialis (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Avena provincialis (Jord.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 71 (1865), nom. illeg.
species :
Aira scoparia Adamovic; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 74: 117 (1904)
Distribution: North Macedonia (near Bitola)
13 NMA
species :
Aira tenorei Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 62 (1827)
Name: Tenore-Haferschmiele (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain (NE-Spain); Baleares (Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Pantelleria; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA PTL 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira capillaris subsp. tenorei (Guss.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 358 (1894), isonym
= Aira capillaris subsp. tenorei (Guss.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 96 (1855)
= Aira capillaris var. pulchella Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 1: 299 (1921)
= Aira capillaris var. tenorei (Guss.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 993 (1861)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. intermedia (Guss.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 53 (1890)
= Aira caryophyllea var. inflexa (Loisel.) Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 97 (1847)
= Aira caryophyllea var. pulchella Gillet & Magne; Nouv. Fl. Franç. 458 (1862)
= Aira corymbosa Fauché & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 5: 120 (1838)
= Aira inflexa Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur], ed. 2, 1: 56 (1828)
= Aira intermedia Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl. 16 (1832)
= Aira provincialis Gennari ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882), pro syn.
= Aira pulchella (Ten.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 130 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Aira pulchella subsp. intermedia (Guss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 45 (1931)
= Aira pulchella subsp. tenorei (Guss.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 280 (1899), nom. inval.
= Aira pulchella var. intermedia (Guss.) Fiori; Sched. Fl. Ital. Exsicc. 11: 420 (1913)
= Aira tenorei proles intermedia (Guss.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 107 (1913)
= Aira tenorei subsp. intermedia (Guss.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 53 (1890)
= Aira tenorei subsp. intermedia (Guss.) Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Monocot. 45 (1895), isonym
= Aira tenorei subsp. mixta (Godr.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 53 (1890)
= Aira tenorei var. aristata Bonnet & Barratte; Expl. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl. 461 (1896)
= Aira tenorei var. intermedia (Guss.) Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 68 (1896)
= Aira tenorei var. mixta Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3(2): 504 (1856)
= Aira tenorei var. mutica Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3(2): 504 (1856)
= Aira tenorei var. semiaristata Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 504 (1855)
= Airella tenorei (Guss.) Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 68 (1868)
= Airopsis pulchella Ten.; Fl. Med. Univ. 79 (1822), et Fl. Napol. 3: 56 (1824)
= Aspris capillaris var. pulchella L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 123 (1933)
= Avena corymbosa (Fauché & Chaub.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Avena corymbosa subsp. tenorei (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Avena intermedia Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl. 16 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Avena pulchella P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 154 (1812), nomen
= Avena tenorei (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 814 (1882)
= Fiorinia pulchella (Ten.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 233 (1850)
= Salmasia corymbosa Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317 (1873), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Aira uniaristata Lag. & Rodr.; Anales Ci. Nat. 6: 148 (1803)
Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Libya
12 SPA 20 LBY MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira baetica Trin.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 1: 67 (1836)
= Aira caryophyllea subsp. uniaristata (Cav.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 350 (1953)
= Aira caryophyllea var. biaristata (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 350 (1953)
= Aira pulchella var. biaristata Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 45 (1931)
= Aira tenorei var. biaristata (Emb. & Maire) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 931 (1941)
= Aira uniaristata var. biaristata (Emb. & Maire) Lambinon; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 27: 88 (1998)
= Deschampsia baetica (Trin.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 66 (1861)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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