350.0000 Family Brassicaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 854, 1093, 1123 (1835), nom. cons.

339 genera, ca. 4050 spp. Updated phylogeny see Hendriks et al. (2022) and German et al. (2023)

Species listed in database: 4086; hybrids: 100

350.7396 Genus Brassica L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 666 (1753)

Distribution: Eurasia, Mediterranean, many cultivated worldwide. According to PCR data the genus is still polyphyletic.

Species listed in database: 31

species :

Brassica assyriaca Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Lib. & Syr. 2: 113 (1970)

Distribution: Syria (Jazira)

34 SYR

species :

Brassica aucheri Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 17: 88 (1842)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

34 IRN IRQ ISR LEB SIN

Remarks: Al-Shehbaz 2019 recommends treatment within Brassica.

Synonyms: hidden

= Enarthrocarpus tragiceras Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Suppl. 67 (1888)

= Raphanus aucheri (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 45 (1849)

= Sinapis aucheri (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz; Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 119: 56 (1916)

species :

Brassica balearica Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 206 (1806)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Erucastrum balearicum Bluff, Nees & Schauer; Comp. Fl. Germ. 2: 101 (1838)

= Brassica oleracea var. frutescens Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 359 (1838)

species :

Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka; Term. Füz. 6: 179 (1882)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Remarks: belongs in its own genus together with B. deflexa

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica barrelieri subsp. sabularia (Brot.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1007 (1941), nom. inval.

= Brassica barrelieri var. laevigata (Lag.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 181 (1965)

= Brassica barrelieri var. major (Gand.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 66 (1919)

= Brassica barrelieri var. papillaris (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz; Pflanzenreich [Engl.] 70: 66 (1919)

= Brassica barrelieri var. psammophila (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algèrie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot.: 58 (1888)

= Brassica bunias DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 606 (1821)

= Brassica grandiflora Balansa ex Coss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 1: 221 (1854)

= Brassica laevigata Lag.; Varied. Cienc. 2: IV. 40 (1805)

= Brassica laevigata var. major Gand.; Rev. Soc. Franc. Bot. 2: 127 (1883)

= Brassica papillaris Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov.: 10 (1838)

= Brassica parra (L.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. 1(2): 118 (1898)

= Brassica psammophila Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 363 (1875)

= Brassica sabularia Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 582 (1804) non Moris nec Gren. & Godr.

= Brassica sabularia var. laevigata (Lag.) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 4: 47 (1909)

= Brassica sabularia var. papillaris (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 36 (1839)

= Brassica sabularia var. psammophila (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algerie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot.: 58 (1888)

= Brassica sabularia Willk. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 3: 854 (1877)

= Diplotaxis barrelieri (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 634 (1821)

= Erucastrum oleraceum C.Presl; Fl. Sic. 1: 93 (1826)

= Erucastrum sabularia Link; Handb. 2: 317 (1831)

= Rapistrum halleri Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 107 (1769)

= Sisymbrium barrelieri L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 919 (1763)

= Sisymbrium murale var. barrelieri (L.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 257 (1812)

= Sisymbrium parra L.; Mant. 2: 255 (1771)

species :

Brassica beytepeensis Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 17(2): 48 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Brassica bourgeaui (Webb ex Christ) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 20 (1891)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (+Tenerife, +La Gomera, +Hierro, La Palma Isl.)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Sinapidendron bourgaei Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. 9: 89 (1888)

species :

Brassica cadmea Heldr. ex O.E.Schulz; Pflanzenreich 70 (IV. 105): 63 (1919)

Distribution: +Greece (+near Thivai)

13 GRC

Remarks: known only from one or two old collections

species :

Brassica cretica Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 747 (1785)

subspecies :

subsp. cretica

Distribution: Greece (near Korinth, Andikithira Isl.); Crete (widespread)

13 GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica cretica subsp. nivea (Boiss. & Spruner) M.A.Gust. & Snogerup; Bot. Chronika, also published by Greuter & Burdet in Willdenowia 3(1-2): 8 (1983) 15(1): 64 (1985)

= Brassica cretica var. nivea (Boiss. & Spruner) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 37 (1919)

= Brassica leucantha Boiss. ex Nyman; Consp. 45 (1878)

= Brassica nivea Boiss. & Spruner; Boiss. Diagn. Ser. I. 1: 72 (1843)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. nivea (Boiss. & Spruner) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 185 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea var. cretica (Lam.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 185 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea var. nivea (Boiss. & Spruner) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 4: 96, 212 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. aegaea (Heldr. & Halácsy) Snogerup, M.A.Gust. & Bothmer; Willdenowia 19(2): 291 (1990)

Distribution: Greece (widespread on Kiklades, Sporades, Evvoia, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Kithira, Andikithira, Limnos, Athos); Crete (Dragonada Isl.); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Kalimnos, Nisyros, Simi, Kasos, Karpathos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica cretica var. aegaea Heldr. & Halácsy; Österr. Bot. Z. 45: 216 (1895)

= Brassica cretica var. attica Onno; Österr. Bot. Z. 82: 315 (1933)

subspecies :

subsp. laconica M.A.Gust. & Snogerup; Bot. Chronika, 3(1-2): 8 (1983)

Distribution: Greece (SE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Brassica deflexa Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 17: 87 (1842)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Ghorat, Herat, Kandahar); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria; Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan)

34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU 40 PAK

Remarks: belongs in its own genus together with B. barrelieri

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica deflexa subsp. leptocarpa (Boiss.) Hedge; Rech.f., Fl. Iran. 57: 35 (1968)

= Brassica deflexa var. aurantiaca Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. Abt. 1, 28(2): 124 (1911)

= Brassica deflexa var. glabrescens O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 65 (1919)

= Brassica deflexa var. lasiocalycina (Boiss. & Hausskn.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 64 (1919)

= Brassica deflexa var. leptocarpa (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 64 (1919)

= Brassica deflexa var. mollis O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 64 (1919)

= Brassica deflexa var. tigridis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 393 (1867)

= Brassica iranica Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.; Phyton (Horn) 3: 44 (1951)

= Brassica lasiocalycina (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. Suppl. 66 (1888)

= Brassica leptocarpa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 392 (1867)

= Brassica tigridis Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 17: 87 (1842)

= Erucastrum deflexum (Boiss.) V.I.Dorof.; Bot. Zhurn. 85(7): 184 (2000)

= Erucastrum lasiocalycinum Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 389 (1867)

= Guenthera deflexa var. auranthiaca (Bornm.) V.I.Dorof.; Turczaninowia 26(4): 49 (2023)

species :

Brassica deserti Danin & Hedge; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb.32: 259, f. 1 (1972)

Distribution: Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai)

34 SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Erucastrum deserti (Danin & Hedge) V.I.Dorof.; Bot. Zhurn. 85(7): 184 (2000)

species :

Brassica fruticulosa Cirillo; Pl. Rar. Neap. 2: 7 (1792)

subspecies :

subsp. fruticulosa

Name: Mediterranean cabbage (EN), Strauch-Kohl (DE)

Distribution: England [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; E-Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I])

10 grb 11 ger swi 12 FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA MLT PEL SIC 50 aus 51 nzl 76 usa

Remarks: probably to be included in Erucastrum

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica parra var. psammophila T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 1(1): 118 (1895)

= Erucastrum fruticulosum (Cirillo) Calest.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. 15: 385 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. cossoniana (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 287 (1932)

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica christobalis Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 184 (1931), nom. nud.

= Brassica cossoniana Boiss. & Reut.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 31 (1854)

= Brassica cossoniana var. subacaulis Maire; Cavanillesia 4: 7 (1931)

= Brassica fruticulosa f. christobalis (Maire & Sennen) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 174 (1965)

= Brassica fruticulosa f. platycarpa (Maire & Sennen) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 174 (1965)

= Brassica fruticulosa subsp. mauritanica (Coss.) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 288 (1932)

= Brassica fruticulosa subvar. christobalis Maire & Sennen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 166 (1932)

= Brassica fruticulosa subvar. platycarpa Maire & Sennen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 166 (1932)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. cossoniana (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 191 (1887)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. hispida Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 166 (1932)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. leucantha Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 191 (1885)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. mauritanica Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 190 (1887)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. rubecula Costa; Introd. Fl. Cataluña, Ampl. 1: 16 (1873)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. subacaulis Maire; Cavanillesia 4: 7 (1931)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. tenuisiliqua Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 166 (1932)

= Diplotaxis heterophylla Porta & Rigo; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto, ser. 2, 9: 7 (1891 publ. 1892)

subspecies :

subsp. numidica (Coss.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 175 (1965)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica fruticulosa var. numidica Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 190 (1887)

subspecies :

subsp. pomeliana Maire ex Greuter; Willdenowia 15(1): 64 (1985)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

subspecies :

subsp. radicata (Desf.) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algerie 1: 59 (1888)

Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria; Mauritania

20 ALG 22 MTN

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica fruticulosa subsp. glaberrima (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie 1: 59 (1888)

= Brassica fruticulosa var. radicata (Desf.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 191 (1885)

= Brassica glaberrima Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 364 (1875)

= Sinapis radicata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 98 (1798)

species :

Brassica hilarionis Post; Mem. Herb. Boiss. no. 18: 90 (1900)

Distribution: Cyprus (N-Cyprus)

34 CYP

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica cretica subsp. hilarionis (Post) H.Lindb.; Iter Cypr.: 17 (1946)

= Brassica cretica var. hilarionis (Post) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 37 (1919)

species :

Brassica huseyinduralii Basköse & Savran; Phytotaxa 632(2): 103 (2023)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Brassica incana Ten.; Prodr. Fl. Nap. 39 (1811)

subspecies :

subsp. incana

Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia (Dalmatia, Adriatic islands); Albania; NW-Greece (Kerkyra, Paxos)

13 ALB CRO GRC ITA SIC

Remarks: rupestris agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica botterii Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 135 (1850)

= Brassica cazzae Ginzb. & Teyber; Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. 19: 238 (1921)

= Brassica mollis Vis.; Fl. Dalm. 3: 359 (1852)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. incana (Ten.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 184 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea var. incana (Ten.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 446 (1898)

= Brassica oleracea var. pilosa Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 979 (1893)

= Erucaria persica W.Baxter; Loudon Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 633 (1839)

= Hirschfeldia inflexa C.Presl; Fl. Sic. 1: 97 (1826)

= Hirschfeldia integrifolia C.Presl; Fl. Sic. 1: 97 (1826)

= Sinapis inflexa (C.Presl) Walp.; Rep. Bot. Syst. 1: 186, D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 3: 725 (1842)

= Sinapis integrifolia (C.Presl) Walp.; Rep. Bot. Syst. 1: 187 (1842)

= Sinapis panormitana Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 4(2): 244 (1827)

subspecies :

subsp. hirta Raimondo & Spadaro; Fl. Medit. 30: 247, fig. 1 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. raimondoi (Sciandr., C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Miniss. & Salmeri) Raimondo & Spadaro; Fl. Medit. 30: 248 (2020)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica raimondoi Sciandr., C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Miniss. & Salmeri; Pl. Biosystems 147(3): 813 (2013)

species :

Brassica insularis Moris; Fl. Sard. 1: 168 (1837)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Algeria; Tunisia

12 COR SAR 20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica amblyphylla Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 46 (1903)

= Brassica atlantica (Coss.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 36 (1919)

= Brassica atlantica Coss. & Durieu ex Munby; Cat. Pl. Algeria: 2 (1859)

= Brassica calcarea Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 47 (1903)

= Brassica conferta Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 47 (1903)

= Brassica corsica Jord.; Esp. Veg. Affin.: 7 (1873)

= Brassica cretica subsp. atlantica (Coss.) Onno; Österr. Bot. Z. 82: 315 (1933)

= Brassica erigens Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 45 (1903)

= Brassica flexicaulis Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 48 (1903)

= Brassica hololeuca Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 45 (1903)

= Brassica insularis var. angustiloba (Briq.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 35 (1919)

= Brassica insularis var. aquellae Widler & Boquet; Candollea 34: 146 (1979)

= Brassica insularis var. atlantica (Coss.) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 57 (1888)

= Brassica insularis var. atlantica Batt.

= Brassica insularis var. conferta (Jord.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 35 (1919)

= Brassica insularis var. latiloba (Briq.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 35 (1919)

= Brassica luteola Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 48 (1903)

= Brassica oleracea f. atlantica (Coss.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 54 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. insularis (Moris) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 54 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. angustiloba Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 72 (1913)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. atlantica Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 185 (1887)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. insularis (Moris) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 185 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. latiloba Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 72 (1913)

= Brassica oleracea var. atlantica (Coss.) Bonnet & Barratte; Cat. Pl. Tunisie [Bonnet & Barratte]: 22 (1896)

= Brassica oleracea var. corsica Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 73 (1913)

= Brassica praeruptorum Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 46 (1903)

= Brassica recurva Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 46 (1903)

= Brassica revelieri Jord.; Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 48 (1903)

species :

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.; Consp. Pl. Charc. 8 (1859)

Name: Sarepta-Senf, Ruten-Kohl (DE), Brown mustard (EN)

Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt [I]; Azores [I] (Faial [I]); Guinea [I]; Cameroon [I]; São Tomé [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Angola [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Buryatia [I], Chita [I], Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Tuva [I], W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey [I]; Iran [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Kuwait [I]; Oman [I]; Yemen [I]; China [I]; Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [I]; India [c]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Moluccas [I]; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Atiu [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I]); Gambier Isl. [I] (Mangareva [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], N. W. T. [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Bermuda [I]; Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; +Clipperton Isl. [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Saba [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; Nevis [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Marie-Galante [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Grenadines [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; French Guiana? [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]

11 ger hun net slo 12 cis spa 13 bul rom 14 blr est lat lit RUS 20 alg egy lby tun 21 azo 22 gui 23 caf cmn con gab sao 26 ang moz zim 27 bot saf 29 mau mdg reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 afg irn tur 35 kuw oma sau yem 36 chi 37 MON 38 jap kor nns tai 40 ban bhu ind mdv nep pak srl 41 cbd mya tha vie 42 bor cki jaw mly mol nwg phi sul 50 aus nfk 51 ctm nzl 60 fij nue nwc van 61 coo gbi sci 62 gum mic 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cli cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba bah bbd ber cub dom gdl gre his jam mar pue sab sba ste stk stl stm stv trt vir 82 clm 83 bol per 84 bra 85 arg par

Remarks: stabilized hybrid B. nigra x B. rapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica argyi H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 227 (1907)

= Brassica arvensis var. juncea (L.) Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 164 (1887)

= Brassica besseriana Andrz. ex Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 33(I): 134 (1860)

= Brassica cernua (Thunb.) F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 47 (1886)

= Brassica cernua var. chirimenna Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 906 (1912)

= Brassica chenopodiifolia Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 95 (1916), pro syn.

= Brassica chinensis f. japonica (Thunb.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971)

= Brassica integrifolia (H.West) O.E.Schulz; Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 509 (1903), et Engl., Pfl. reich IV-105(70): 56 (1919)

= Brassica integrifolia (H.West) Rupr.; Fl. Ingrica: 96 (1860), in textu

= Brassica integrifolia var. timoriana (DC.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 58 (1919)

= Brassica japonica (Thunb.) Siebold ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 74 (1865)

= Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 609 (1859)

= Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ex Palib.; Act Hort. Petrop. 14: 109 (1895)

= Brassica juncea proles integrifolia (H.West) Thell.; 159 (1908)

= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia (H.West) Thell.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50(2): 157 (1908), nom. inval.

= Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis (Paillieux & Bois) Gladis; Feddes Repert. 103: 474 (1992)

= Brassica juncea subsp. rugosa (Roxb.) Prain; Agr. Ledger 5: 47 (1898)

= Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai (Z.M.Mao) Gladis; Feddes Repert. 103(7-8): 474 (1992)

= Brassica juncea subsp. urbaniana (O.E.Schulz) Thell.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50(2): 158 (1908)

= Brassica juncea subproles aspera Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 47 (1898)

= Brassica juncea subproles elata Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 47 (1898)

= Brassica juncea subproles laevis Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 47 (1898)

= Brassica juncea var. aspera (Prain) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 56 (1919)

= Brassica juncea var. brachycarpa Thell.; 157 (1908)

= Brassica juncea var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 1: 166 (1913)

= Brassica juncea var. crispifolia L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 91 (1922)

= Brassica juncea var. cuneifolia (Roxb.) Kitam.; Acta Phyt. Geobot. 16: 62 (1955)

= Brassica juncea var. elata (Prain) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 56 (1919)

= Brassica juncea var. foliosa L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 263 (1930)

= Brassica juncea var. gracilis Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hortus Sinicus 2: 26 (1942)

= Brassica juncea var. integrifolia (H.West) Sinskaya; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19: 339 (1928)

= Brassica juncea var. japonica (Thunb.) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 93 (1922)

= Brassica juncea var. laevis (Prain) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 56 (1919)

= Brassica juncea var. longidens L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 263 (1930)

= Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hortus Sinicus 2: 21 (1942)

= Brassica juncea var. multiceps Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hortus Sinicus 2: 20 (1942)

= Brassica juncea var. multisecta L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 93 (1922)

= Brassica juncea var. napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19: 76 (1950)

= Brassica juncea var. oleifera Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 47 (1898)

= Brassica juncea var. rugosa (Roxb.) Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 19 (1942)

= Brassica juncea var. tsatsai Z.I.Mao; Hortus Sinicus 2: 690 (1936)

= Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 23 (1942)

= Brassica lanceolata (DC.) Lange; Oeder, Fl. Dan.: t. 2658 (1861)

= Brassica napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) L.H.Bailey; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 67: 189 (1894)

= Brassica napiformis var. multisecta A.I.Baranov; Feddes Repert. 63: 286 (1960)

= Brassica nigra var. japonica (Thunb.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 79 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea var. taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 259 (1910)

= Brassica richeri Lange; Oeder, Fl. Dan.: t. 2658 (1861)

= Brassica rugosa (Roxb.) Bailey; Bull. Cornell Agr. Exp. Stat. 67: 191 (1894)

= Brassica rugosa (Roxb.) Prain; Bengal Pl.: 220 (1903)

= Brassica rugosa var. cuneifolia (Roxb.) Prain; Agr. Ledger 5: 14, t. 2 (1898)

= Brassica taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 349 (1911)

= Brassica urbaniana O.E.Schulz; Urb., Symb. Antill. 3: 511 (1903)

= Brassica willdenovii Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 17: 88 (1842)

= Crucifera juncea (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 6: 133 (1902)

= Raphanus junceus (L.) Crantz; Class. Crucif. 110 (1769)

= Rhamphospermum volgense Andrz. ex Rupr.; Fl. Ingrica: 97 (1860)

= Sinabraca juncea (L.) G.H.Loos; Florist. Rundbr. Beih. 7: 131 (2004)

= Sinapis brassicata L.; Syst. ed. XII. 231 (1767)

= Sinapis campestris Jacq. ex Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 2: 590 (1841)

= Sinapis cernua Poir.; Encyc. 4: 342 (1797)

= Sinapis cernua Thunb.; Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 602 (1784)

= Sinapis chinensis L.; Mant. 1: 95 (1767)

= Sinapis chinensis var. integrifolia Stokes; B. Mat. Medik. 3: 481 (1812)

= Sinapis cuneifolia Roxb.; (Hort. Beng. 48 (1814), nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 121 (1832)

= Sinapis integrifolia H.West; Bidr. Beskr. Ste Croix: 296 (1793)

= Sinapis integrifolia var. chevalieri Portères; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 1120 (1935)

= Sinapis japonica Thunb.; Linnaeus, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 602 (1784)

= Sinapis juncea L.; Sp. Pl. 668 (1753)

= Sinapis juncea var. napiformis Pailleux & Bois; Potag. Cur., ed. 2: 372 (1892)

= Sinapis lanceolata DC.; Syst. 2: 611 (1821)

= Sinapis oleracea C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 18 (1822)

= Sinapis patens Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 48 (1814), Fl. Ind. 3: 124 (1832)

= Sinapis ramosa Roxb. ex Fleming; As. Res. 11: 179 (1810)

= Sinapis rugosa Roxb.; (Hort. Beng. 48 (1814), nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 122 (1832)

= Sinapis sinensis (L.) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. 989 (1792)

= Sinapis tenella Moench; Meth. 253 (1794)

= Sinapis timoriana DC.; Syst. 2: 616 (1821)

species :

Brassica macrocarpa Guss.; Ind. Sem. Boccad. 1824/5: 3 (1825)

Distribution: Sicily (Isole Egadi)

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica macrocarpa f. glabra Lojac.; Malpighia 20: 118 (1906)

= Brassica macrocarpa f. villosoincana Lojac.; Malpighia 20: 118 (1906)

= Brassica macrocarpa var. villosissima Damanti ex O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 27 (1919)

= Eruca macrocapa (Guss.) Caruel; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 240 (1891)

species :

Brassica maurorum Durieu; Duchass. Rev. Bot. 2: 433 (1847)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Remarks: probably to be included in Erucastrum

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplotaxis maurorum (Durieu) M.B.Crespo & M.Fabregat; Colecc. Hist. Rigual 89 (2002)

species :

Brassica montana Pourr.; Hist. & Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 308 (1788)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Italy; San Marino

12 BAL FRA SPA 13 ITA SMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica allionii Moretti; Index Seminum (PAV, Ticinensis) 1829: [1] (1829), non (Jacq.) Boiss.

= Brassica balearica Loisel.; Fl. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 69 (1828)

= Brassica montana f. ligustica Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit.: 74 (1892)

= Brassica montana var. apenninica (Cavara) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 34 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. pourretii Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 53 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. robertiana (J.Gay) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 53 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. ligustica Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 74 (1892)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. robertiana (J.Gay) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 183 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea var. leronensis (Burnat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 53 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea var. ligustica (Burnat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 53 (1895)

= Brassica oleracea var. pourretii (Rouy & Foucaud) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 2: 44 (1990)

= Brassica pourretii (Rouy & Foucaud) Lév.; Monde Pl. 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica robertiana J.Gay; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. I. 7: 416 (1826)

= Brassica robertiana var. apenninica Cavara; Malpighia 4: 124 (1890)

= Brassica robertiana var. leronensis (Burnat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: (1895)

= Brassica robertiana var. leronensis Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: ? (1892)

species :

Brassica napus L.; Sp. Pl. 666 (1753)

Name: Raps (DE), Rape (EN), Nabo (ES)

Distribution: not known in the wild; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy [I]; Isole Pelagie [I] (Lampedusa [I]); Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria[I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Mozambique [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia [I]; Russian Far East [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; Turkey [I]; Iran [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Qatar [I]; Yemen [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; India [c]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], N. W. T. [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

11 cze hun slo 12 ado cis gib por spa 13 alb cro grc ita nma pel slv 14 rus 20 alg lby mor tun 21 mdr 26 moz 29 mau reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 uzb 33 arm aze geo ncs 34 afg irn tur 35 qat sau yem 36 chi 38 kor 40 ban ind nep pak 41 mya 42 jaw 50 aus nfk 51 ctm nzl 61 aui 62 mrs 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua 81 cub his pue 83 bol ecu 85 arg cle jnf

Remarks: derived from B. oleracea x B. rapa. There are numerous different classifications of the cultivars and interpretations of their relationship to the wild taxa

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris f. glauca (Roxb.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris f. luteoalba Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932)

= Brassica campestris f. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris f. simplex Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris f. spontanea Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 20 (1932)

= Brassica campestris subsp. annua Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834)

= Brassica campestris subsp. biennis Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834)

= Brassica campestris subsp. napus (L.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 1: 156 (1872)

= Brassica campestris subvar. alba DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris subvar. ulti Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris var. akana Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 902 (1912)

= Brassica campestris var. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 106 (1838)

= Brassica campestris var. bullatopetsai Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 9 (1932)

= Brassica campestris var. communis DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris var. dentatopetsai Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932)

= Brassica campestris var. dichotoma Duthie & Fuller; Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882)

= Brassica campestris var. glauca (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller; Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 28 (1882)

= Brassica campestris var. napus (L.) Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot., ed. 8: 31 (1881)

= Brassica campestris var. nippo-oleifera Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932)

= Brassica campestris var. oleifera (K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 22, 45 (1898), nom. superfl.

= Brassica campestris var. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) Duthie & Fuller; Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882)

= Brassica campestris var. toria Duthie & Fuller; Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882)

= Brassica gongylodes Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 8 (1768)

= Brassica harmsiana O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 52 (1919)

= Brassica macrorhiza Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 682 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.

= Brassica macrorhiza var. sativa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 682 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Brassica napus convar. oleifera (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 244 (1866)

= Brassica napus convar. sibirica (Scheb.) Bondartseva & Pivov.; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 40 (1985)

= Brassica napus f. annua (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918)

= Brassica napus f. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918)

= Brassica napus f. corymbosa Thell.; 254 (1918)

= Brassica napus f. dissecta Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 492 (1838)

= Brassica napus f. dolichocarpa O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919)

= Brassica napus f. hyemalis (Döll) Börner; 625 (1912)

= Brassica napus f. micrantha O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919)

= Brassica napus f. rossica (Jess.) Thell.; 255 (1918)

= Brassica napus f. rubescens Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 492 (1838)

= Brassica napus subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 40 (1833)

= Brassica napus stirps esculenta DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821)

= Brassica napus stirps oleifera DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821)

= Brassica napus subf. dissecta (Peterm.) Thell.; 255 (1918)

= Brassica napus subf. vulgaris (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; 255 (1918)

= Brassica napus var. aestiva Endl.; Fl. Poson.: 395 (1830)

= Brassica napus var. alba DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821)

= Brassica napus var. annua K.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 55 (1835)

= Brassica napus var. annua Metzg.; 10 (1833)

= Brassica napus var. arabica O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919)

= Brassica napus var. arvensis (Duchesne) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918)

= Brassica napus var. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb.; Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834)

= Brassica napus var. brevirostris Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 176 (1878)

= Brassica napus var. edulis Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 19 (1813)

= Brassica napus var. flava DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821)

= Brassica napus var. glauca (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919)

= Brassica napus var. hiemalis Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 588 (1843)

= Brassica napus var. italica Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866)

= Brassica napus var. leptorhiza Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 367 (1838)

= Brassica napus var. nigricans DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821)

= Brassica napus var. oleifera Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 19 (1813), nom. inval.

= Brassica napus var. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919)

= Brassica napus var. rossica Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866)

= Brassica napus var. rutila Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866)

= Brassica napus var. sahariensis A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. 12: 829 (1932)

= Brassica napus var. sarcorhiza Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 367 (1838)

= Brassica napus var. schebalinae Bondartseva & Pivov.; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 40 (1985)

= Brassica napus var. syntomocarpa O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919)

= Brassica napus var. trimestris Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 201 (1824)

= Brassica napus var. ulti (Prain) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea f. praecox Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 909 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Brassica oleracea proles arvensis Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 742 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea var. hongnoensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 350 (1912)

= Brassica oleracea var. pseudocolza H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 25 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea var. suecica Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 684 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Brassica polymorpha subsp. napus (L.) Syme; 133 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Brassica praecox Kit. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 621 (1815)

= Brassica praecox Waldst. & Kit. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821)

= Brassica rapa race napus (L.) H.Lév.; 25 (1910)

= Brassica rapa subsp. napus (L.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 74 (1913)

= Brassica rapa subsp. napus (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens

= Brassica sativa subsp. napus (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 21 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Brassica sativa subsp. napus (L.) Clavaud; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 292 (1881)

= Brassica stricta Nestl. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821)

= Brassica sylvestris subsp. taurica Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 298 (1970)

= Brassica taurica (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(2): 240 (1983)

= Brassica-napus sylvestris A.Vilm.; Bon Jard. 1837: 348 (1837)

= Crucifera napus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 6: 136 (1902)

= Napus oleifera K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 940 (1829)

= Rapa napus (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 3 (1768)

= Raphanus napus (L.) Crantz; Class. Crucif. 113 (1769)

= Sinapis napus (L.) Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 586 (1804)

variant :

var. pabularia (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28(1): 106 (1993) [convar.]

Name: Primitive leaf rape (EN), Rübstiel, Stielmus (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris stirps pabularia DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica napus subsp. pabularia (DC.) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959)

= Brassica napus var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb.; Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. ed. 3. 2: 1220 (1833)

variant :

var. rapifera Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 52 (1833)

Name: Steckrübe, Kohlrübe (DE)

Distribution: cult.; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; China [I]; Pakistan [I]

11 ger hun slo 36 chi 40 pak

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris stirps napobrassica (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris subvar. purpurascens DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris f. napobrassica (L.) C.W.Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 126 (1922)

= Brassica campestris f. rutabaga DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris subsp. napobrassica (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834)

= Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera (Metzg.) Murr; 127 (1923)

= Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinskaya; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19: 103 (1928)

= Brassica campestris var. napobrassica (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.; 150 (1825)

= Brassica campestris var. napobrassica (L.) Prain; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris var. rutabaga DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 2 (1768)

= Brassica napobrassica DC. ex H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 25 (1910)

= Brassica napobrassica Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz, 658 (1839)

= Brassica napobrassica Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 2 (1768)

= Brassica napus convar. rapifera (Metzg.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866)

= Brassica napus subvar. communis (DC.) Thell.; 255 (1918)

= Brassica napus subvar. rutabaga (DC.) Thell.; 255 (1918)

= Brassica napus f. purpurascens (DC.) Thell.; 256 (1918)

= Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 554 (1987)

= Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) Jafri; Fl. W. Pakistan 55: 24 (1973)

= Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s. 1(1): 102 (1949)

= Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) Vollm.; 306 (1914)

= Brassica napus subsp. rapifera Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 46 (1833)

= Brassica napus var. esculenta DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821)

= Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Döll; 588 (1843)

= Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.; Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. ed. 3. 2: 1220 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea proles napobrassica (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea var. napobrassica L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 667 (1753)

= Brassica rapa convar. rapifera (Metzg.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866)

= Brassica rapa f. rapifera (Metzg.) C.W.Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 125 (1922)

= Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 52 (1833)

= Brassica rapa var. napobrassica (L.) H.Lév.; 25 (1910)

= Brassica rapa var. rapifera (Metzg.) W.D.J.Koch; 59 (1843)

= Brassica rapa var. rutabaga (DC.) H.Lév.; 25 (1910)

= Brassica rutabaga (DC.) A.Vilm.; Bon Jard. 1837: 345 (1837)

species :

Brassica nivalis Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II. 1: 32 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. nivalis

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Olimbos)

13 GRC

Remarks: retained in Brassica by Al-Shehbaz 2019

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassicella nivalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) O.E.Schulz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: Beibl. 119, 53 (1916)

= Coincya nivalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13(1): 87 (1983)

= Guenthera nivalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gómez-Campo; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 60(2): 305 (2002)

= Hutera nivalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gómez-Campo; An. Inst. Bot. A. J. Cav. 34(1): 148 (1977)

= Rhynchosinapis nivalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Heywood; Feddes Repert. 68: 196 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. jordanoffii (O.E.Schulz) Akeroyd & Leadlay; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 106(2): 102 (1991)

Distribution: Bulgaria (Pirin Planina)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Guenthera nivalis subsp. jordanoffii (O.E.Schulz) Gómez-Campo; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 60(2): 305 (2002)

= Brassica jordanoffii O.E.Schulz; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 111 (1927)

species :

Brassica oleracea L.; Sp. Pl. 667 (1753)

Name: Atlantischer Wildkohl (DE); Cabbage (EN)

Distribution: W-England; Netherlands [I]; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland [I], Sachsen [I], Thüringen [I]); Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; N-Spain; W-France; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy [I]; San Marino [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Madeira [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Burkina Faso [c]; Benin [c]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Chad [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I]; Iran [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Yemen [I]; China (throughout [I]); South Korea [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [I]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [c]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I], Tabueran [I], Kiritimati [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I]); Austral Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Palau [I]; Guam [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Saba [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Barbados [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 GRB 11 GER hun net slo 12 cis FRA SPA 13 bih bul grc ita sma 14 rus 20 alg lby mor tun 21 cny mdr 22 ben bkn 23 bio cmn 24 cha 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze ncs 34 eai irn tur 35 sau yem 36 CHI 38 kor nns tai 40 ban bhu ind nep pak srl 41 cbd mya tha vie 42 jaw phi 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 60 fij nue nwc 61 aui coo eas lin 62 gum mrs plu wak 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua hon nic pan 81 bbd cay gdl his mar pue sab sba vir 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 85 arg cle jnf

Remarks: the listed synonyms belong mostly to garden varieties. Many names of cultivars and varieties are not listed.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris subsp. sylvestris (DC.) Janch.

= Brassica cauliflora Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 179 (1764), opus utique rej.

= Brassica cephala DC. ex H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica fimbriata Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 223 (1840)

= Brassica laciniata Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 116, 117 (1821)

= Brassica maritima DC. ex Tardent; Essai Hist. Nat. Bessarabie: 79 (1841), nom. nud.

= Brassica muscovita Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 117 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea stirps sylvestris DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. sylvestris L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2.: 932 (1763), nom. illeg.

= Brassica peregrina Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 117 (1821)

= Brassica pourrettii Foucaud & Rouy ex H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica quercifolia DC. ex H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica rubra Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 224 (1840)

= Brassica suttoniana H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica sylvestris (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 4 (1768)

= Crucifera brassica E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 6: 135 (1902), nom. superfl.

= Napus oleracea (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 939 (1829)

= Rapa rotunda Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 1 (1768)

= Raphanus brassica Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 63 (1769), nom. superfl.

= Raphanus brassica-officinalis Crantz; Class. Crucif. 112 (1769)

variant :

var. acephala (DC.) Schltdl.; Syst. Nat. 2: 385 (1823)

Name: Zierkohl (DE), Kahle (EN)

Distribution: cult.; China [I]; New Zealand [I]

36 chi 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica oleracea convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 234 (1866)

= Brassica oleracea f. acephala (DC.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea f. exaltata (Rchb.) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 246 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. quercifolia (DC.) Thell.; 246 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. selenisia (L.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 31 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea proles viridis (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 743 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. acephala (DC.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 14 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea stirps acephala DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. acephala (DC.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. quercifolia DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 584 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. selenisia L.; Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

variant :

var. albiflora Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 19 (1891)

Name: Chinese Broccoli (EN)

Distribution: cult.; China [I] (Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I]); Taiwan [I]

36 chi 38 tai

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herb. 1: 79 (1922)

= Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey) Musil; Misc. Publ. U.S.D.A. 643: 12 (1948)

variant :

var. botrytis L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 667 (1753)

Name: Blumenkohl (DE), Cauliflower (EN)

Distribution: cult. [I]; Hungary [I]; China [I]

11 hun 36 chi

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica botrytis (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 3 (1768)

= Brassica botrytis DC. ex H.Lév.; Mondo des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica botrytis Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 3 (1768)

= Brassica cretica convar. botrytis (L.) G.H.Loos; Florist. Rundbr., Beih. 7: 124 (2004)

= Brassica cretica subsp. botrytis (L.) O.Schwarz; 102 (1949)

= Brassica cretica var. cymosa (Lam.) O.Schwarz; 102 (1949)

= Brassica millecapitata H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 241 (1866)

= Brassica oleracea f. botrytis (DC.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea f. flava (Peterm.) Thell.; 249 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. rosea Schwer.; Harms, 150 (1922)

= Brassica oleracea f. violascens Thell.; 249 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea proles botrytis (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 744 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. botrytis (L.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 35 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea stirps botrytis (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 586 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. botrytis (L.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. cauliflora (DC.) Thell.; 249 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. cymosa Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. laciniata (L.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 31 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. laciniata (L.) Thell.; 246 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. millecapitata H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. purpurascens DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 584 (1821), nom. nud.

= Brassica oleracea subvar. quercifolia (DC.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. viridis DC.; 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. asparagodes Merrem; 298 (1809)

= Brassica oleracea var. asparagoides DC.; 587 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Brassica oleracea var. cauliflora DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 586 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. laciniata L.; Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

= Brassica oleracea var. selenesiaca Merrem; 298, var. orthogr. (1809)

= Brassica oleracea var. selenicea L.; 667 (1753)

= Brassica rupicola Boul.; Fl. Lib.-Syr.: 27 (1930), nom. illeg.

variant :

var. capitata L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 667 (1753)

Name: Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Spitzkohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.; Hungary [I]; China [I]

11 hun 36 chi

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica capitata DC. ex H.Lév.; Mondo des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea convar. capitata (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 238 (1866)

= Brassica oleracea f. alba (Lam.) Thell.; 247 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. capitata (L.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea f. rubra (L.) Á.Löve; 151 (1945)

= Brassica oleracea f. rubra Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 489 (1838)

= Brassica oleracea proles capitata (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 743 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 435 (1834)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata-bullata Metzg.; 9 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata-laevis Metzg.; 9 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea stirps capitata (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 585 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. alba DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 586 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Brassica oleracea subvar. alba Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 743 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. rubra (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 744 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. rubra DC.; 586 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. rubra-minor Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 744 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. sphaerica (DC.) Thell.; 247 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. sphaerica G.Martens; G. M. von Martens & C. A. Kemmler, Fl. Würtemberg, ed. 2: 35 (1865)

= Brassica oleracea var. capitata-bullata Wirtg.; 14 (1841)

= Brassica oleracea var. capitata-laevis Wirtg.; 14 (1841)

= Brassica oleracea var. capitata-rubra Jess.; 259 (1879)

= Brassica oleracea var. conica (Lam.) Thell.; 247 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea var. elliptica DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 586 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. rubra L.; Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

= Brassica oleracea var. sphaerica DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 585 (1821)

variant :

var. costata DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 584 (1821)

Name: Rippenkohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica oleracea convar. costata (DC.) Gladis ex Diederichsen; Mansfeld´s Encycl. 3: 1444 (2001)

variant :

var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker; Fl. Thüringen 15: 2 (1836)

Name: Rosenkohl (DE), Brussels Sprouts (EN)

Distribution: cult.; Hungary [I]; China [I]

11 hun 36 chi

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica gemmifera (DC.) H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea f. gemmifera (DC.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. gemmifera (DC.) Schwarz

= Brassica oleracea subsp. gemmifera (DC.) Wender.; 229 (1846)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. gemmifera (DC.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea var. bullata subvar.gemmifera DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 585 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. polycephala Thell.; 247 (1918)

variant :

var. gongylodes L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 667 (1753)

Name: Kohlrabi (DE); Colinabo (Cuba), Colinabo (Dominican Republic)

Distribution: cult.; Hungary [I]; China [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]

11 hun 36 chi 80 hon 81 cub his pue

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica caulorapa (DC.) Pasq.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli: 17 (1867)

= Brassica oleracea convar. caulorapa (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 240 (1866)

= Brassica oleracea f. alboviridis Thell.; 248 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. caulorapa (DC.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea proles gongylodes (L.) Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. caulorapa (DC.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 33 (1833)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. gongylodes (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 436 (1834)

= Brassica oleracea stirps caulorapa DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. caulorapa (DC.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. violacea Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785)

= Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa (DC.) Schltdl.; 358 (1823)

= Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa DC. ex H.Lév.; Monde des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica rupestris subsp. gongylodes (L.) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959)

= Brassica rupestris var. gongylodes (L.) Janch.; Österr. Bot. Z. 91: 246 (1942)

variant :

var. italica Plenck; Icon. Pl. Medik. 6. 29 (1794)

Name: Broccoli, Spargelkohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.; Hungary [I]; China [I]

11 hun 36 chi

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica cretica convar. italica (Plenck) G.H.Loos; Florist. Rundbr., Beih. 7: 125 (2004)

variant :

var. kashmiriana Naqshi & Javeid; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 9(1): 91 (1987)

Distribution: cult.

variant :

var. medullosa Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 248 (1918)

Name: Markstammkohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.

variant :

var. sabauda L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 667 (1753)

Name: Wirsing, Savoyer Kohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica bullata DC. ex H.Lév.; Mondo des Plantes 12: 24 (1910)

= Brassica bullata Pasq.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli: 17 (1867)

= Brassica oleracea convar. bullata (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 237 (1866)

= Brassica oleracea stirps bullata DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 584 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea f. bullata (DC.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica oleracea subsp. bullata (DC.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 22 (1833), nom. inval., Metzg. used a misplaced rank. Protol

= Brassica oleracea subsp. sabauda (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 435 (1834)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. bullata (DC.) H.Lév.; 24 (1910)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. oblonga (DC.) Thell.; 247 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. sabauda (L.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 31 (1919)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. vulgaris (DC.) Thell.; 247 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea var. bullata (Pasq.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. oblonga DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 585 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea var. vulgaris DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 584 (1821), nom. superfl.

variant :

var. sabellica L.; Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

Name: Grünkohl, Krauskohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica sabellica (L.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 206 (1806)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. sabellica (L.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 30 (1919)

variant :

var. viridis L.; Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

Name: Blattkohl, Staudenkohl (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica oleracea subvar. viridis (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. viridis Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785), nom. illeg.

= Brassica oleracea f. viridis (L.) Thell.; 246 (1918)

= Brassica oleracea f. viridis Duchesne; Lam., Encycl. 1: 745 (1785), nom. illeg.

species :

Brassica procumbens (Poir.) O.E.Schulz; Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 119: 55 (1916)

Distribution: Italy [I] (Arcipelago Toscano [I], Giglio [I]); Algeria; Tunisia

13 ita 20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Erucastrum procumbens (Poir.) Calest.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. 15: 385 (1908)

= Sinapis choulettiana Coss. & Durieu ex Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 295 (1862)

= Sinapis procumbens Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 4: 12 (1816)

species :

Brassica rapa L.; Sp. Pl. 666 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. rapa

Name: Wasser-Rübe, Weiß-Rübe, Speiserübe, Herbstrübe (DE), Turnip (EN)

Distribution: cult.; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [c]; North Macedonia [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I]; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]

11 ger hun slo 13 bih cro nma slv 32 kgz tkm tzk uzb 36 chi 38 kor nns tai 40 bhu ind pak 41 mya 42 jaw

Synonyms: hidden

= Barbarea derchiensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5: 594 (1995)

= Brassica campestris f. oblonga (Mill.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris proles rapa (L.) Samp.; nom. illeg.

= Brassica campestris subsp. rapa (L.) Hook.f.; 29 (1870)

= Brassica campestris subvar. depressa (DC.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 51 (1919)

= Brassica campestris subvar. oblonga (Mill.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 51 (1919)

= Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) Bab.; 24 (1843)

= Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) C.Hartm.; Hartman, Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 6: 110 (1854)

= Brassica lutea Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 62 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Brassica oleronensis A.Sav. ex Foucaud; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 74 (1879)

= Brassica polymorpha subsp. rapa (L.) Syme; 135 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Brassica polymorpha Syme; J. E. Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 1: 133 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Brassica rapa convar. mesopotamica (Shebalina) Gladis & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61(8): 1459 (2014)

= Brassica rapa f. depressa (DC.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 45 (1898)

= Brassica rapa f. depressa (DC.) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa f. oblonga (Mill.) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa f. teltowiensis (Alef.) Thell.; 261 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subsp. communis Schübl. & G.Martens; 438 (1834), nom. inval.

= Brassica rapa subsp. napus Schübl. & G.Martens; 438 (1834)

= Brassica rapa stirps depressa DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 590 (1821)

= Brassica rapa stirps oblonga (Mill.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821)

= Brassica rapa subf. albida Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subf. depressa M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 136 (1971), without type.

= Brassica rapa subf. flavescens (DC.) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subf. nigrescens Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subf. oblonga M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 138 (1971), without type.

= Brassica rapa subf. punicea (DC.) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subf. viridis (DC.) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subvar. communis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; 262 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subvar. flavescens DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821)

= Brassica rapa subvar. oleronensis (A.Sav.) Thell.; 261 (1918)

= Brassica rapa subvar. punicea DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821)

= Brassica rapa subvar. pygmaea (Alef.) Thell.; 261 (1918)

= Brassica rapa var. depressa (DC.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 294 (1831)

= Brassica rapa var. depressa (DC.) Schltdl.; 358 (1823)

= Brassica rapa var. esculenta W.D.J.Koch; 41 (1843)

= Brassica rapa var. oblonga (DC.) Schltdl.; 358 (1823)

= Brassica rapa var. oblonga (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 295 (1831)

= Brassica rapa var. oleronensis (A.Sav. ex Foucaud) Sav.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 11: 69 (1889)

= Brassica sativa subsp. rapa (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 21 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Brassica sativa var. rapa (L.) Clavaud; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 293 (1881)

= Crucifera rapa (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 6: 137 (1902)

= Napus rapa (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn. Fl. Friburg. 3: 941 (1829)

= Rapa oblonga Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 2 (1768)

= Raphanus rapa (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 113 (1769)

= Sinapis rapa (L.) Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 586 (1804)

variant :

var. purpuraria (Bailey) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 78 (1950)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica purpuraria (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 4: 330 (1941)

= Brassica campestris var. purpuraria L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 248 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt; R. Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. u. Gartn. Kulturpfl., Auf. 2, ed. J. Schultze-Motel 1: 304 (1986)

Name: Pak Choi, Tatsoi, Choi-sum

Distribution: China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Mexico [I]; Honduras [I]

36 chi 38 tai 79 mex 80 hon

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica antiquorum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 227 (1907)

= Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis (L.) Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 12: XXVII (1912)

= Brassica campestris subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson; Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954)

= Brassica campestris var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 1: 166 (1913)

= Brassica campestris var. mana Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 24 (1932)

= Brassica campestris var. musifolia Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 48 (1928)

= Brassica campestris var. osakana Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8: 25 (1932)

= Brassica chinensis f. aichi M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 147 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. chifu M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 145 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. hiberna M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. hiroshimana (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. honsaitai M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. indivisa (Makino) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. komatsuna (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 142 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. mana (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. nigra M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. nozawensis M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. osakana (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. piaoh-tsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis f. taito M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 146 (1971), without type.

= Brassica chinensis f. youngtungtsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis L.; Cent. Pl. I: 19 (1755)

= Brassica chinensis subf. peking M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 147 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis subf. shigatsuna (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 142 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis var. communis Tsen & S.H.Lee

= Brassica chinensis var. crispa André; Pl. Feuill. Ornem.: 108 (1866)

= Brassica chinensis var. dentata (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 148 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis var. komatsuna Matsum. & Nakai; Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1916: 6 (1916)

= Brassica chinensis var. musifolia (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 149 (1971), as ´musifolia´

= Brassica chinensis var. narinosa (Bailey) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971)

= Brassica chinensis var. oleifera Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan, ed. 2: 393 (1931)

= Brassica chinensis var. rosularis Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hortus Sinicus 2: 8 (1942)

= Brassica japonica Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 161 (1908), nom. illeg.

= Brassica japonica var. indivisa Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 7 (1916)

= Brassica japonica var. isena Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 904 (1912)

= Brassica japonica var. suigikuna Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 902 (1912)

= Brassica musifolia (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 48 (1928), pro syn.

= Brassica napus var. chinensis (L.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 45 (1919)

= Brassica narinosa L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum, 99 (1922)

= Brassica oleracea var. chinensis (L.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 42 (1898)

= Brassica oleracea var. tsiekentsiensis H.Lév.

= Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum, 102 (1922)

= Brassica pekinensis var. hiroshimana Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 27 (1926)

= Brassica pe-tsai (Lour.) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 99 (1922)

= Brassica pe-tsai var. dentata Matsum. & Nakai; Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1916: 13 (1916)

= Brassica rapa convar. parachinensis (L.H.Bailey) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochumer Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

= Brassica rapa convar. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochumer Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

= Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt; Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1986)

= Brassica rapa subvar. pe-tsai (L.H.Bailey) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 79 (1950)

= Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, ser. B, 19: 79 (1950)

= Brassica rapa var. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 80 (1950)

= Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (Bailey) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 554 (1987)

= Brassica rapa var. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98: 554 (1987)

= Raphanus chinensis (L.) Crantz; Class. Crucif. 112 (1769) (non Mill. 1768)

= Sinapis pekinensis var. pe-tsai Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 400 (1790), nom. nud.

variant :

var. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kitam.; Acta Phyt. Geobot. 16: 62 (1955)

Distribution: India [c]; Andaman Isl. [I]

40 ind 41 and

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) G.Olsson; Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954)

= Brassica campestris var. dichotoma (Roxb.) Watt; Dict. Econ. Pl. Ind. 1: 523 (1889)

= Brassica napus var. dichotoma (Roxb.) Prain; Agr. Ledger 5: 36, t. 8 (1898)

= Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Hanelt; Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1986)

= Sinapis dichotoma Roxb. ex Fleming; As. Research. 11: 179 (1810), nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 117 (1832)

variant :

var. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) Kitam.; Acta Phyt. Geobot. 16: 62 (1955)

Distribution: India [c]

40 ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica quadrivalvis Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 170 (1861)

= Brassica napus monstr. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflreich IV-105(70): 42 (1919)

variant :

var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Kitam.; Acta Phyt. Geobot. 16: 62 (1955)

Name: Indischer Rübsen (DE)

Distribution: Nepal [c]; N-India [I] (Arunachal Pradesh [I], Assam [I], Sikkim [I], West Bengal [I])

40 ind nep

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris f. trilocularis (Roxb.) Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898)

= Brassica campestris subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) G.Olsson; Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954)

= Brassica campestris var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller; Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 28 (1882)

= Brassica napus monstr.trilocularis (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz; op. cit. 42 (1919)

= Brassica napus var. trilocularis (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919)

= Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt; Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1986)

= Brassica trilocularis (Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 170 (1861)

= Sinapis trilocularis Roxb.; (Hort. Beng. 18 (1814), nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 121 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 93 (1985)

Name: Mizuna (jap.)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson; Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954)

= Brassica campestris var. chinoleifera Viehoever

= Brassica campestris var. nipposinica (Bailey) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 36(1-3): 93 (1985)

= Brassica mizuna Siebold; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 12: 52 (1830), nom. nud.

= Brassica nipposinica L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum, 86 (1922)

= Brassica nipposinica var. laciniifolia L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 88 (1922)

= Brassica rapa var. chinoleifera (Viehoever) Kitam.

= Brassica rapa var. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt; Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.; Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 49 (1833)

Name: Turnip rape (EN), Rübsen (DE)

Distribution: cult.; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [c]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Madeira [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Northern Caucasus [c]; Georgia [Caucasus] [c]; China [I]; Mongolia [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Mexico [I]; Isla Guadalupe [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Bolivia [I]

11 ger hun slo 12 cis 14 blr est lat lit 20 alg lby mor tun 21 mdr 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 geo ncs 36 chi 37 mon 40 ban ind pak 41 cbd mya tha 51 ctm nzl 60 rot 79 glp mex 80 hon nic pan 81 bbd cay cub gdl his mar pue sba trt 82 clm 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica asperifolia var. oleifera (DC.) Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 1: 76 (1847)

= Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (DC.) Sinskaya; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(3): 56 (1928)

= Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (Moench) Schübl. & G.Martens; 437 (1834)

= Brassica campestris stirps oleifera DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 588 (1821)

= Brassica campestris var. annua (W.D.J.Koch) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 106 (1838)

= Brassica campestris var. oleifera (DC.) Celak.; 311 (1887)

= Brassica campestris var. oleifera Bluff & Fingerh.; 149 (1825)

= Brassica dubiosa L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum, 102 (1922)

= Brassica napus f. oleifera (DC.) C.W.Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 126 (1922)

= Brassica napus var. oleifera DC.; Syst. Nat. [DC.] 2: 592 (1821)

= Brassica oleifera Moench; 253 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Brassica rapa convar. oleifera (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 246 (1866)

= Brassica rapa f. annua (Metzg.) Börner; 626 (1912)

= Brassica rapa f. biennis (Metzg.) Thell.; 261 (1918)

= Brassica rapa var. biennis Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 246 (1866)

= Brassica rapa f. hiemalis (G.Martens) Börner; 626 (1912)

= Brassica rapa stirps oleifera DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821)

= Brassica rapa var. annua W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 55 (1835)

= Brassica rapa var. biennis Metzg.; 10 (1833)

= Brassica rapa var. oleifera (DC.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 295 (1831)

= Brassica rapa var. oleifera (Moench) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821)

= Brassica rapa var. oleifera Schltdl.; 358 (1823)

= Caulanthus sulfureus Payson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 286 (1922 publ. 1923)

= Napus oleifera (Moench) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 940 (1829)

variant :

var. perviridis L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 2: 243 (1930)

Name: Komatsuna (jap.), Japanischer Senfspinat (DE)

Distribution: cult.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica perviridis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 4: 328 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt; R. Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. u. Gartn. Kulturpfl., Auf. 2, ed. J. Schultze-Motel 1: 304 (1986)

Name: Chinakohl (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Croatia [I]; China; Taiwan [I]; Vietnam [I]; New Zealand [I]; Niue [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Takapoto Atoll [I]); Austral Isl. [I]; Guam [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I])

11 ger slo 13 cro 36 CHI 38 tai 41 vie 51 nzl 60 nue 61 aui coo tua 62 gum mrs

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica campestris f. glabra (Sinskaia) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 136 (1971)

= Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) G.Olsson; Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954)

= Brassica campestris var. glabra Sinskaya

= Brassica campestris var. pekinensis (Lour.) Viehoever

= Brassica chinensis var. pandurata V.G.Sun

= Brassica chinensis var. pekinensis (Lour.) V.G.Sun

= Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. 96 (1860)

= Brassica pekinensis Skeels; U S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Industry, Bull. No. 227, 51 (1911)

= Brassica pekinensis var. cephalata Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 14 (1942)

= Brassica pekinensis var. cylindrica Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 15 (1942)

= Brassica pekinensis var. laxa Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 16 (1942)

= Brassica rapa convar. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochumer Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

= Brassica rapa convar. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochumer Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

= Brassica rapa f. glabra (Sinskaya) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 136 (1971)

= Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 35: 125 (1984)

= Brassica rapa var. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 553 (1987)

= Brassica rapa var. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 553 (1987)

= Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel; Gartenflora 9: 9 (1860)

= Brassica rapa var. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. 98(11-12): 553 (1987)

= Brassica rapa var. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt; Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 304 (1986)

= Brassica rapa var. pekinensis (Lour.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 35(4-6): 125 (1984)

= Sinapis pekinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 409 (1790)

= Sinapis pekinensis var. cai-ben Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 400 (1790), nom. nud.

variant :

var. celerifolia Tsen & S.H.Lee; Hort. Sin. 2: 28 (1942)

Distribution: cult.; China (Jiangsu, Sichuan, etc.)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica celerifolia (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(1): 74-75, t. 1, 10-15 (1991)

subspecies :

subsp. sylvestris (L.) Janch.; Janch. & Wendelberger, Kleine Fl. Wien 55 (1953)

Name: Wild-Rübsen, Feld-Kohl (DE), Field mustard (EN)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhalt [I]); Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Baleares; Corsica [I]; Sardinia; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; San Marino [I]; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; Greece [I] (incl. Kiklades [I]); E-European Russia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Buryatia [I], Chita [I], Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Tuva [I], W-Siberia [I], Yakutia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Lesvos [I]); Turkey [I]; Turkey [I] (N-Anatolia [I], NE-Anatolia [I]); Iran [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Kuwait [I]; Qatar [I]; Oman [I]; N-Yemen [I]; Nepal [c]; India [c]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I] (Pearl and Hermes Reef [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], N. W. T. [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Antofagasta [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 den fin ice nor swe 11 GER hun net slo 12 ado BAL cor SAR spa 13 alb BIH BUL CRO grc ita KOS MNT NMA rom sic sma SRB 14 rus 26 moz zim 27 saf 29 mau reu 30 sib 31 rfe 33 NCS 34 eai irn tur 35 kuw oma qat sau yem 40 ind nep 42 jaw 50 aus 60 fij nwc 61 sci 62 mic 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua hon nic pan 82 clm 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf par uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica rapa subsp. afghanica (Sinskaya) Shebalina; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 29 (1985)

= Brassica asperifolia Lam.; Encycl. 1: 746 (1785)

= Brassica asperifolia var. esculenta Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 1: 76 (1848)

= Brassica asperifolia var. sylvestris Lam.; 746 (1785), nom. illeg.

= Brassica briggsii Varenne; J. Bot. 19: 360 (1881)

= Brassica campestris (L.) Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz, 659 (1839)

= Brassica campestris f. auriculata (DC.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 49 (1919)

= Brassica campestris f. briggsii (Briggs) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 49 (1919)

= Brassica campestris f. tenuis O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 49 (1919)

= Brassica campestris L.; Sp. Pl. 666 (1753)

= Brassica campestris subvar. autumnalis DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris subvar. praecox DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821)

= Brassica campestris subvar. pygmaea Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866)

= Brassica campestris var. agrestis Prain; Agric. Ledger 1: 45 (1898)

= Brassica campestris var. amplexicaulis Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 901 (1912)

= Brassica campestris var. sarson Prain; Agric. Ledger 5: 24 (1898)

= Brassica campestris var. setulosa Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 985 (1881)

= Brassica campestris var. sotetsuna Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 900 (1912)

= Brassica colza H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 12: 25 (1910)

= Brassica cyrenaica Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 911 (1825), nom. superfl.

= Brassica napella Chaix; Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 334 (1788)

= Brassica polymorpha subsp. campestris (L.) Syme; 134 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R.Clapham; A. R. Clapham & al., 153 (1952)

= Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris (Lam.) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959)

= Brassica rapa var. briggsii Briggs; Fl. Plymouth: 20 (1880)

= Brassica rapa var. campestris (L.) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 491 (1838)

= Brassica rapa var. campestris (L.) W.D.J.Koch; 59 (1843)

= Brassica rapa var. colza H.Lév.; 25 (1910)

= Brassica rapa var. sylvestris Briggs; Fl. Plymouth: 20 (1880), nom. nud.

= Brassica sativa var. campestris (L.) Clavaud; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 292 (1881)

= Brassica sphaerorhiza Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 683 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Brassica trimestris Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 201 (1824)

= Brassica tuberosa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 272 (1796)

= Gorinkia campestris (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 141 (1819)

= Napus campestris (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 941 (1829)

= Raphanus campestris (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 113 (1769)

= Sinapis campestris Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 88 (1809)

= Sinapis communis Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 27 (1790), nom. nud.

= Sinapis tuberosa Poir.; Lam. Encyc. 4: 346 (1797)

species :

Brassica rupestris Raf.; Caratt. 77 (1810)

subspecies :

subsp. rupestris

Distribution: S-Italy; Sicily

13 ITA SIC

Remarks: rupestris agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica crispa Raf.; Specchio Sci. 2: 69 (1814)

= Brassica oleracea subvar. rupestris (Raf.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 184 (1885)

= Brassica oleracea var. rupestris (Raf.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 446 (1898)

= Brassica sempervirens Ten. ex Schrank; Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac.: t. 10 (1817)

subspecies :

subsp. monilicarpa Raimondo & Spadaro; Fl. Medit. 30: 249, fig. 2 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. tardarae (Ilardi, Geraci & Troía) Raimondo; Fl. Medit. 30: 249 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica tardarae Ilardi, Geraci & Troía; Plants [Basel] 9(8)-947: 4 (2020)

species :

Brassica somalensis Hedge & A.G.Mill.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(2): 179 (1977)

Distribution: NE-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Brassica spinescens Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 364 (1875)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Remarks: probably to be included in Erucastrum

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica scopulorum Coss. & Durieu; Coss. & Barratte, Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 28 (1882)

= Brassica scopulorum var. spinescens (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 57 (1888)

= Brassica spinescens var. scopulorum (Coss. & Durieu) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 380 (1924)

species :

Brassica taiwanensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 284 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Brassica trichocarpa C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso & Ilardi; Phytotaxa 122(1): 47 (2013)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Brassica tyrrhena Giotta, Piccitto & Arrigoni; Webbia 57(1): 1 (2002)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Brassica villosa Biv.; Stirp. Rar. Sic. Descr. 4: 20 (1816)

subspecies :

subsp. villosa

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Remarks: rupestris agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica cretica Guss.; Cat. Hort. Boccadif. 11 (1821), non Lam.

= Brassica montana Raf.; Specchio Sci. 2: 69 (1814) non DC. 1805

= Brassica oleracea var. villosa (Biv.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 184 (1885)

= Brassica rupestris subsp. villosa (Biv.) Snogerup ex Hanelt; R. Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. u. Gartn. Kulturpfl., Auf. 2, ed. J. Schultze-Motel 1: 292 (1986)

= Brassica villosa Biv. ex Spreng.; Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 243 (1827)

subspecies :

subsp. bivoniana (Mazzola & Raimondo) Raimondo & Mazzola; Lagascalia, 19(1-2): 832 (1997)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica bivoniana Mazzola & Raimondo; Lagascalia, 15(Extra): 250 (1988)

subspecies :

subsp. brevisiliqua (Raimondo & Mazzola) Raimondo & Geraci; Fl. Medit. 12: 441 (2002 publ. 2003)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica repanda subsp. brevisiliqua Raimondo & Mazzola; Lagascalia, 19(1-2): 834 (1997)

subspecies :

subsp. drepanensis (Caruel) Raimondo & Mazzola; Lagascalia, 19(1-2): 832 (1997)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica drepanensis (Caruel) Damanti; Nat. Sicil. 10(4): 91 (1891)

= Brassica macrocarpa var. drepanensis (Caruel) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 447 (1898)

= Eruca drepanensis Caruel; N. Giorn. Bot. It. 23: 240 (1891), et Fl. It. 9: (1891?) 173

subspecies :

subsp. tineoi (Lojac.) Raimondo & Mazzola; Lagascalia, 19(1-2): 832 (1997)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Brassica tineoi Lojac.; Fl. Sicula 1: I. 113 (1888)

= Brassica villosa var. tineoi (Lojac.) O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 38 (1919)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (20)

Genus (343)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species, 8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms, in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]