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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

512.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications
Species listed in database: 35235; hybrids: 679
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)
512.3223 Genus Carduus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 820 (1753)
Distribution: Eurasia, Mediterranean, N-Africa; 1 from European part of Russia to E-Siberia and Far East. The tropical African populations have recently been separated as Afrocarduus.
Species listed in database: 88; hybrids: 35
= Clavena DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 633 (1838)
= Clomium Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 116 (1763)
= Onopyxus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 2: 139 (1899), nom. superfl.
= Orthocentron Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 36: 480 (1825)
= Polycantha Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 12 (1762)
= Pternix Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 16 (1762)
species :
Carduus acanthocephalus C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 71 (1831)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
species :
Carduus acanthoides L.; Sp. Pl. 821 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. acanthoides
Name: Stachel-Distel, Weg-Distel (DE), Plumeless or welted thistle (EN), chardon épineux (FR)
Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mainland, Evvoia); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Libya; ?Egypt; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, SW-Hunan, W-Jiangsu, N-Jiangxi, S-Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E-and S-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, N-Xinjiang, Yunnan); E-Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Australia [I] (Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Brazil [I] (Paraná [I], Rio de Janeiro [I], Rio Grande do Sul [I]); Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 LBY 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides f. albiflorus L.Gross; 214 (1908), nom. inval.
= Carduus acanthoides f. albiflorus L.Gross ex Hegi; 859 (1928)
= Carduus acanthoides f. ochranthus (Wallr.) Hegi; 859 (1928)
= Carduus acanthoides var. albiflorus (Schur) Simonk.; 337 (1887)
= Carduus acanthoides var. albiflorus Hampe; 48 (1836), nom. inval.
= Carduus acanthoides var. involucratus Döll; 945 (1859)
= Carduus acanthoides var. microcephalus Peterm.; 491 (1844)
= Carduus acanthoides var. ochranthus Wallr.; 269 (1840)
= Carduus acanthoides var. polyacanthos Hampe; 48 (1836)
= Carduus acanthoides var. polyacanthus Rchb.
= Carduus acanthoides var. polyanthus (Rchb.) Hegi; 859 (1928)
= Carduus acanthoides var. submitis (Neilr.) Hegi; 859 (1928)
= Carduus acanthoides var. thessalus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 518 (1875)
= Carduus acuminatus Gaudin ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 90. t. 872 (1852)
= Carduus camporum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 45 (1856)
= Carduus crispus subsp. acanthoides (L.) Berher; 139 (1887)
= Carduus crispus var. litigiosus Gren. & Godr.; 230 (1850)
= Carduus fortior Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 504, 567 (1962)
= Carduus murfatlarii Nyár. & Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Romine, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 325 (1957)
= Carduus polyacanthos Curtis; Fl. Londin. 6: t. 54 (1798)
= Carduus polyanthos Schreb.; Spicil. 15 (1771), nom. illeg.
= Carduus ruderalis Tausch ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
= Carduus sinuatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 187 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Carduus thessalus Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 3(2): 46 (1856)
= Carduus vranjanus Adamovic ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 709 (1931), pro syn.
= Onopyxus acanthifolius Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 140 (1899)
= Polyacantha acanthoides (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 69 (1769), as ´Polycantha´
subspecies :
subsp. pakistanicus Abid & Qaiser; Pakistan J. Bot. 51: 1437 (2019)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
subspecies :
subsp. sintenisii Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 358 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Carduus acicularis Bertol.; Ann. Stor. Nat. Bologna 1: 274 (1829)
Name: Nadeldistel
Distribution: Switzerland; S-Spain (Cordoba); France; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Montenegro; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland); Crimea [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
11 SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT SIC TUE 14 kry 34 CYP EAI IRQ ISR JOR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argentatus subsp. acicularis (Bertol.) Meikle; Fl. Cy 2: 949, 1897 (1985)
= Carduus argentatus var. esdraelonicus (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 522 (1875)
= Carduus bicolor Vis.; Fl. Dalm. 2: 48. t. 49. fig. 2 (1847)
= Carduus esdraelonicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. I. 10: 90 (1849)
= Carduus neglectus Ten.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. 14 (1830) non Steud.
= Carduus pycnocephalus var. acicularis (Bertol.) Weiss; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3: 1528 (1897)
= Carduus sanctae-balmae subsp. acicularis (Bertol.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 177 (1894)
species :
Carduus adpressus C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 71 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. adpressus
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus colchicus Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colch. 142 (1895)
= Carduus kozlovskii Sosn.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 49: 37 (1920)
= Carduus laciniatus Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 722 (1846) ex Tamamsch., Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 15: 385 (1953), descr. emend.
= Carduus multijugus K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 392 (1851)
subspecies :
subsp. novorossicus (Porten.) Zernov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 227 (2004)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Krasnodar); Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus novorossicus N.N.Portenier; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(1): 102 (1997)
= Carduus laciniatus subsp. novorossicus (Porten.) Zernov; Rast. Severo-Zapad. Zakavkaz´ya (Pl. Transcaucas. Bor.-Occ.): 111 (2000)
subspecies :
subsp. rhodopeus (Velen.) Kozuharov & N.Andreev; Opred. Vissh. Rast. Bulg. 785 (1992)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria
13 BUL NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus rhodopeus Velen.; Sitz. Behm. Ges. Wiss., no. 28, 7 (1903)
species :
Carduus affinis Guss.; Pl. Rar. 334 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. affinis
Distribution: Italy (C- & S-Appennini)
13 ITA
subspecies :
subsp. brutius (Porta) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 423 (1964)
Distribution: S-Italy (Calabria)
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus affinis subsp. brutius (Huter, Porta & Rigo) Peruzzi; Inform. Bot. Ital. 42(2): 530 (2010), isonym
= Carduus affinis var. brutius Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 356 (1904)
= Carduus brutius (Fiori) Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 479 (1906)
species :
Carduus amanus Rech.f.; Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 57: 93 (1950)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria
34 SYR TUR
species :
Carduus angusticeps H.Lindb.; Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 48(13): 113 (1906)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
species :
Carduus arabicus Jacq. ex Murray; Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 724 (1784)
subspecies :
subsp. arabicus
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey; Iraq; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Herat, Samangan); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
13 ALB GRC ITA MLT PEL PTL SIC TUE 32 TKM TZK 33 AZE 34 AFG EAI IRQ TUR 40 PAK
Remarks: status disputed, often included in C. pycnocephalus as ssp. marmoratus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus arabicus Jacq.; Coll. 1: 56 (1774)
= Carduus arabicus subsp. marmoratus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 450 (1964)
= Carduus australis L.f.; Suppl. 348 (1781)
= Carduus marmoratus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 43 (1856)
= Carduus nikitinii Tamamsch.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 28: 37, 600 (1963)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 414 (1879)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. marmoratus (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 3 3(3): 429 (1975)
= Carduus pycnocephalus var. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 521 (1875)
= Cnicus arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Roth; Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 8: 8 (1794)
subspecies :
subsp. cinereus (M.Bieb.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 451 (1964)
Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; Iraq; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Helmand); Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania
14 KRY UKR 20 EGY 32 TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus beckerianus Tamamsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 15: 383 (1953)
= Carduus cinereus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Cauc. 2: 270 (1808)
= Carduus knorringianus Tamamsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 15: 384 (1953)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. breviphyllarius P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 412 (1975)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. cinereus (M.Bieb.) P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 429 (1975)
= Carduus pycnocephalus var. cinereus (M.Bieb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 321 (1875)
species :
Carduus argentatus L.; Mantissa Alt. 280 (1771)
Name: Silbrige Distel (DE); Silvery Thistle (EN)
Distribution: England [I]; North Macedonia; Greece (Attiki, Athos, Limnos, Samothraki, Evros); Crete (widespread); Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Symi, Chalki, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
10 grb 13 GRC KRI NMA 20 EGY LBY 34 EAI ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium argentatum (L.) Druce; Brit. Pl. List, ed. 2, 63 (1928)
= Cnicus argentatus (L.) Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 111 (1797)
species :
Carduus argyroa Biv.; Stirp. Rar. Sic. Descr. 1: 7 (1813)
Distribution: France; Sardinia; S-Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Algeria; Tunisia
12 FRA SAR 13 ITA PEL SIC 20 ALG TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argyroa (Biv.) Kunze; Flora 29: 760 (1846)
= Carduus fastigiatus Moris; Elench. Pl. Sard. 2: 5 (1828)
= Carduus malacitanus Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 62 (1852)
species :
Carduus asturicus Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 49 (1975)
Distribution: NW-Portugal; NW-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus confertus var. purpureus DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 625 (1838)
species :
Carduus aurosicus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 1: 364 (1786)
Distribution: SE-France (near Barcelonette, NW of Gap)
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus podacanthus DC.; Fl. Franc. 3: 80 (1805)
species :
Carduus baeocephalus Webb & Berthel.; Phyt. Canar. 2: 373 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. baeocephalus
Name: Kleinkopfige Distel (DE); Cardo de costa (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Clavena baeocephala (Webb & Berthel.) Sch.Bip.; Webb & Berthel. Phyt. Canar. 2: 373 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. microstigma Gaisberg & Wagenitz; Candollea 57(2): 281 (2002)
Name: Kleinnarbige Distel (DE)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (El Hierro)
21 CNY
species :
Carduus ballii Hook.f.; J. Bot. 11: 368 (1873)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus narcissi Sennen; Campagn. Bot. 1930-1935: 76 (1936)
= Carduus nutans subsp. subacaulis Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 217 (1949)
species :
Carduus bourgaei Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 441 (1964)
Name: Fuerteventura-Distel (DE); Cardo majorero (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bourgaeanus (Bolle) Sch.Bip.; Boiss., Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 44 nec Boiss. & Reut.
species :
Carduus bourgeanus Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus 62 (1852)
Distribution: Portugal; C-, S- & SE-Spain; NW-Morocco
12 POR SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ammophilus f. bourgeanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Font Quer; Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1930: no. 686 (1931)
= Carduus munuerae Pau; Jimenez, Pl. Cartagena, Suppl. 1: ? (1909)
= Carduus myriacanthus Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 361 (1841)
= Carduus reuterianus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 44 (1856), nom. superfl.
= Carduus reuterianus var. pycnocephaloides Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 140 (1861)
= Carduus reuterianus var. subacanthoides Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 140 (1861)
= Carduus valentinus var. albiflorus Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 104 (1893)
= Carduus valentinus var. castrilensis Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 15: 102 (1905)
= Carduus valentinus var. leptocephalus Pau; Carta Bot. 3: 5 (1906)
species :
Carduus broteroi (Welw. ex Mariz) Cout.; Fl. Port. 647 (1913)
Distribution: W-Portugal
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lusitanicus subsp. broteroi (Welw. ex Mariz) Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia 10: 62 (1981)
= Carduus medius var. broteroi Welw. ex Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 10: 249 (1892)
species :
Carduus candicans Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 85 (1801 publ. 1802)
subspecies :
subsp. candicans
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- and NC-Greece, Evvoia, Thasos, Samothraki)
13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE
subspecies :
subsp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 411 (1964)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey
13 BUL KOS ROM SRB TUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus globifer Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 300 (1891)
species :
Carduus carduelis (L.) Gren.; Billotia 1: 14 (1864)
Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; ?Albania; Romania; Bulgaria
11 AUT 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Arctium carduelis L.; Mant. 1: 108 (1767)
= Carduus alpestris Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 296. t. 267 (1807)
= Carduus arctioides Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1656 (1803), nom. superfl.
= Carduus centauroides Hoppe ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 628 (1838)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. carduelis (L.) A.Kern. ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 853 (1928)
= Cirsium arctioides Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 124 (1771), nom. superfl.
= Lappa carduelis (L.) Lam.; Encyc. 1: 378 (1783)
species :
Carduus carlinifolius Lam.; Encycl. Máth. Bot. 1: 700 (1785)
Distribution: Switzerland; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy (Pyrenees, Alps)
11 SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: treated as bona sp. by Flora Iberica
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus canaliculatus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 522 (1867)
= Carduus carlinifolius proles zetterstedtianus Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 88 (1905)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. carlinifolius (Lam.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia 1: 302 (1844)
= Carduus defloratus var. carlinifolius (Lam.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 355 (1904)
= Carduus defloratus var. zetterstedtianus (Rouy) Arènes; Monde Pl. 44: 18 (1949)
= Carduus medius subsp. carlinifolius (Lam.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 393 (1964)
= Onopyxus carlinifolius (Lam.) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 142 (1899)
species :
Carduus carlinoides Gouan; Obs. Bot. 62 (1773)
subspecies :
subsp. carlinoides
Distribution: N-Spain (Pyrenees, Cordillera Cantábrica); Andorra; France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus paniculatus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 522 (1867)
= Carduus pyrenaicus (L.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 436 (1964), nom. illeg.
= Carlina pyrenaica L.; Sp. Pl. 829 (1753)
= Cirsium paniculatum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 25 (1779)
= Onopyxus pyrenaeus (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 141 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. hispanicus (Kazmi) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 50 (1975)
Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Nevada)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus carlinoides var. nevadensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 8: 123 (1909)
= Carduus pyrenaicus subsp. hispanicus Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 438 (1964)
species :
Carduus carpetanus Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 19 (1842)
subspecies :
subsp. carpetanus
Distribution: NE-Portugal; NC-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ciliatus Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 193 (1865), nom. inval.
= Carduus gayanus Durand ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 625 (1838)
= Carduus gayanus var. capelli Cámara; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 341 (1955)
subspecies :
subsp. braun-blanquetii (P.Monts.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 699 (2002)
Distribution: NE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus gayanus var. braun-blanquetii P.Monts.; Collect. Bot., 10(15): 347 (1976 publ. 1977)
species :
Carduus cephalanthus Viv.; Fl. Cors. 14 (1824)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Algeria
12 COR SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pycnocephalus Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 385 (1826), non L.
= Carduus congestus Guss.; Tenore, Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 412 (1831)
species :
Carduus chevallieri Barratte ex Chevall.; Mem. Herb. Boiss. no. 7. 9 (1905)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
species :
Carduus chrysacanthus Ten.; Ind. Sem. Horti Neap. 1825: 12 (1825)
Distribution: Italy (C- & S-Appennini); Croatia
13 CRO ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus carlinifolius proles petrophilus (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 88 (1905)
= Carduus carlinifolius Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XLVIII (1812), nom. illeg., non Lam.
= Carduus ceretanus Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 655 (1927)
= Carduus defloratus var. ceretanus (Sennen) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 213 (1949)
= Carduus macrocephalus Coss.; Bourg. ex Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 198 (1865)
= Carduus petrophilus Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 15(Sess. Extraord.): lxxxvii (1869)
species :
Carduus clavulatus Link; Buch, Beschr. Canar. Ins. 147 (1825)
Name: Klauen-Distel (DE); Cardo de monteverde (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus corsicus Sch.Bip.; Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2
= Clavena canariensis DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 633 (1838)
species :
Carduus collinus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 257 (1807)
subspecies :
subsp. collinus
Name: Hügel-Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Romania; Ukraine
11 ger HUN POL SLO 13 BIH CRO ITA MNT ROM SLV 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus brachycephalus Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 68 (1859)
= Carduus hippolyti Bory & Chaub.; Exp. Mor. 241. t. 29 (1832)
= Carduus polyanthemos Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 417 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Carduus polyanthos Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 548, 988 (1875)
= Carduus pungens (Willd.) Pers. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 643 (1838)
= Cirsium brevispinum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 410 (1879)
= Cirsium elatius Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 299 (1822)
= Cirsium hippolyti Link ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 368 (1840)
= Cirsium microcephalum Sch.Bip.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 246 (1858)
= Cirsium polyanthos d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 363 (1822)
= Cirsium pungens (Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 370 (1826)
= Cirsium siculum Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. 3: 36 (1822)
= Cnicus collinus Hornem.; Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 92 (1819)
= Cnicus palustris Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prod. 2: 151 (1813)
= Cnicus pungens Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1663 (1803)
= Cnicus siculus Guss.; Fl. Sic. Syn. 2: 442 (1844)
= Orthocentron glomeratum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 36: 481 (1823)
= Serratula pungens (Willd.) Poir.; Encyc. 6: 566 (1805)
subspecies :
subsp. cylindricus (Borbás) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 453 (1974)
Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Romania
13 BIH CRO ITA MNT ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus cylindricus Borbás
= Carduus candicans subsp. cylindricus (Borbás) Hayek
subspecies :
subsp. glabrescens (Sagorski) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 412 (1964)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
species :
Carduus corymbosus Ten.; Fl. Nap. 1, Prodr.: 48 (1811)
Distribution: Sardinia; C- & S-Italy; Sicily
12 SAR 13 ITA SIC
species :
Carduus crispus L.; Sp. Pl. 821 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. crispus
Name: Krause Distel (DE), Welted or curled thistle (EN), chardon crépu (FR)
Distribution: England; Ireland (incl. Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Mongolia; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (New Jersey [I], Pennsylvania [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 37 MON 40 IND 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa
Remarks: the differences between C. crispus and C. acanthoides break down in Eastern Asia. In China there is only one taxon, fide Flora of China best assigned to C. acanthoides
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides var. crispus (L.) Bab.; 172 (1843)
= Carduus agrestis A.Kern.; Baen., (1878), nom. illeg., et in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. deutsch. Fl. ed. 3 (1895) 1526 in syn.
= Carduus crispus f. albiflorus A.Siegel; 39 (1924)
= Carduus crispus f. laxus (Celak.) Vollm.; 757 (1914)
= Carduus crispus subsp. agrestis (A.Kern.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern: 757 (1914)
= Carduus crispus subsp. incanus (Klokov) Soó
= Carduus crispus subsp. integrifolius (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 517 (1834)
= Carduus crispus subsp. pinnatifidus (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 517 (1834)
= Carduus crispus var. acanthoides Bellynck; 112 (1855)
= Carduus crispus var. araneosus Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 655 (1926)
= Carduus crispus var. collaris Wender.; 279 (1846)
= Carduus crispus var. fissurae (Nyár.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 454 (1974)
= Carduus crispus var. glabratus Tausch; 496 (1834)
= Carduus crispus var. glareicola P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 530 (75) (2006)
= Carduus crispus var. integrifolius Rchb.; 283 (1832)
= Carduus crispus var. intermedius E.Wimm. & Grab.; 101 (1829)
= Carduus crispus var. laxus Celak.; 255 (1871)
= Carduus crispus var. lilacinus Tausch; 496 (1834)
= Carduus crispus var. longifolius Lindblom; Bot. Notiser 1841: 5 (1841)
= Carduus crispus var. pinnatifidus Rchb.; 283 (1832)
= Carduus crispus var. purpureus Tausch; 496 (1834)
= Carduus incanus Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 502, 567 (1962)
= Carduus inclinans Stokes; W. Withering, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 870 (1787)
= Carduus personata var. agrestis (Vollm.) Hegi; 857 (1928)
= Polyacantha crispa (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 71 (1769)
= Polycantha crispus (L.) Hill.; Hort. Kew.: 59 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 48 (1975)
Name: Vielblütige Krause Distel (DE)
Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Hessen [I], Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Switzerland; NE-Spain; France
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 BGM GER NET SWI 12 FRA SPA
Remarks: the Western subspecies, extending eastwards to W-Germany. Records from Romania are questionable.
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides subsp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Nyman; 413 (1879)
= Carduus crispus subsp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 3: 235 (1878)
= Carduus crispus subsp. occidentalis Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 185 (1949)
= Carduus crispus var. multiflorus (Gaudin) DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 624 (1838)
= Carduus crispus var. polyanthemus (L.) Godr.; 44 (1843)
= Carduus crispus var. polycephalus Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 78 (1905)
= Carduus multiflorus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 166 (1829)
= Carduus polyanthemus L.; Mant. 1: 109 (1767)
= Carduus sanctae-balmae var. hispanicus Vayr.; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 526 (1902), nom. nud.
= Cirsium polyanthemon (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 371 (1826)
= Cnicus polyanthemus (L.) Bertol.; Amoen. It. 41 (1819)
species :
Carduus dahuricus (Arènes) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 373 (1964)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East
30 SIB 31 RFE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus crispus subsp. dahuricus Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 188 (1949)
species :
Carduus defloratus L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1200 (1759)
subspecies :
subsp. defloratus
Name: Alpen-Distel, Berg-Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argemonoides Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 85 (1905), pro syn.
= Carduus barrelieri Bertol. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 411 (1879)
= Carduus cirsioides Vill.; Prosp. 30 (1779)
= Carduus crassifolius Willd.; Enum. Pl. 2: 838 (1809)
= Carduus defloratus subf. crassifolius (Willd.) Hegi; 852 (1928)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. crassifolius (Willd.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 596 (1913)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. spinulosus (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. viridis (A.Kern.) Murr; 328 (1924)
= Carduus defloratus var. cirsioides DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 628 (1838)
= Carduus defloratus var. entraunensis Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 78 (1931)
= Carduus defloratus var. subdecurrens Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 354 (1904)
= Carduus defloratus var. transalpinus (Suter) DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 628 (1838)
= Carduus glaucophyllus Desf. ex DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 628 (1838)
= Carduus leptophyllus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 171 (1829)
= Carduus montosus Pollini; Viagg. Lago di Garda: 115 (1816)
= Carduus pannonicus Schleich. ex DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 629 (1838)
= Carduus pectinatus L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 279 (1771)
= Carduus prasinus Glaab; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 2: 148 (1896)
= Carduus spinulosus Bertol.; Amoen. It. 41 (1819)
= Carduus subdecurrens Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 8: 623 (1853)
= Carduus tenuifolius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 174 (1829)
= Carduus transalpinus Suter; Helvet. Fl. 2: 172 (1802)
= Carduus viridis A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. 1: 74 (1881)
= Cirsium defloratum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. II. 2: 127 (1771)
= Cirsium leucostylum Moench; Methodus 556 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium pauciflorum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 22 2: 22 (1779)
= Pternix deflorata (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 60 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. glaucus (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
Name: Blaugrüne Distel (DE)
Distribution: Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Ukraine
11 AUT HUN POL SLO 13 CRO ROM SLV 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus crassifolius subsp. glaucus (Rchb.f.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 389 (1966)
= Carduus defloratus var. glaucus Rchb.f.; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 89 (1853)
= Carduus glaucinus Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 272 (1974), nom. nov.
= Carduus glaucus Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 58 (1817), nom. illeg.
= Carduus glaucus f. albiflorus Hadac & Smarda; 115 (1960)
subspecies :
subsp. medius (Gouan) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 36 (1923)
Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy (Pyrenees, Alps)
12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argemone Pourr.; Lam., Encycl. 1: 700 (1785)
= Carduus argemone subsp. obtusisquamus Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 49 (1975)
= Carduus defloratus proles medioformis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 85 (1905)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. argemone (Pourr. ex Lam.) Ces.; A. Cattaneo, Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia 1: 302 (1844)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. argemone (Pourr. ex Lam.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot., 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. medioformis (Rouy) Braun-Blanq.; Bull. Soc. Pharm. Montpellier 1945: 235 (1945)
= Carduus defloratus var. argemone (Pourr. ex Lam.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Hev. 15: 89 (1853)
= Carduus defloratus var. argemonoides Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 85 (1905)
= Carduus defloratus var. medius (Gouan) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 354 (1904)
= Carduus durieuanus Font Quer & Rothm.; Cavanillesia 7: 178 (1936)
= Carduus inclinatus (Lam.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 522 (1867)
= Carduus medius subsp. argemone (Pourr. ex Lam.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1002 (1940)
= Carduus medius var. ramosus Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 87 (1905)
= Carduus nutans subsp. hamulosus Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 178 (1894)
= Carduus ×medius Gouan; Obs. Bot. 62 (1773)
= Cirsium inclinatum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 22 (1779)
= Cnicus argemone Pourr. ex Lam.; Encycl. Máth. Bot. 1: 700 (1785)
= Cnicus gouanii Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1665 (1803)
= Onopyxus medius (Gouan) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 143 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. rhaeticus (DC.) Murr; Sonderschr. Naturwiss. Kommiss. Vorarlb. Landesmus. 1-3: 328 (1924)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia
11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus defloratus subsp. rhaeticus (DC.) Rothm.
= Carduus defloratus subsp. tridentinus (Evers) Ladurner; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 398 (1905)
= Carduus defloratus var. carlinoides Ambrosi; Fl. Tirolo Mer. 2: 514 (1857)
= Carduus defloratus var. rhaeticus DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 628 (1838)
= Carduus rhaeticus (DC.) A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. 1: 75 (1881)
= Carduus rhaeticus subsp. tridentinus (Evers) Ladurner
= Carduus tridentinus Evers; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 46: 79 (1896)
subspecies :
subsp. summanus (Pollini) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 400 (1882), as ´sumanus´
Name: Dickblättrige Distel (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy
11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus summanus Pollini; Brugnat. Giom. Fis. 9: 96 (1816), as ´sumanus´
species :
Carduus edelbergii Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 8: No. 2 (Symb. Afgh. II.) 175 (1955)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Murree, Hazara, Astor, Deosai, Baltistan, Gilgit); Nepal; NW-India (Dras, Ladakh, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus edelbergii subsp. lanatus Kazmi; Mitt. B. Staatssamm. München 5: 344 (1964)
= Carduus lucidus Wall.; Numer. List no. 2895 (1831), nomen
= Carduus nutans var. lucidus DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 622 (1838)
= Cnicus lucidus Wall. ex DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 622 (1838), nom. inval.
species :
Carduus euboicus Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 49 (1975)
Distribution: Greece (Evvoia, Attiki, very rare)
13 GRC
Remarks: valid species and not a synonym of C. nutans fide Kit Tan & Zografidis 2014
species :
Carduus fasciculiflorus Viv.; Fl. Cors., App. 1: 6 (1825)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy (Montecristo Isl.)
12 COR SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus morisii Balb.; G. G. Moris, Stirp. Sard. Elench.: 26 (1827)
species :
Carduus fissurae Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 227 (1939)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Carduus getulus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 275 (1875)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria; Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir, Nejd Desert)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 SAU
species :
Carduus hamulosus Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. 7: 166 (1792)
subspecies :
subsp. hamulosus
Name: Haken-Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; ?+Greece; Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
11 ger HUN SLO 13 CRO KOS ROM SRB 14 BLR KRY UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 268 (1808), nom. inval.
= Carduus hamulosus subsp. pseudocollinus (Schmalh.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 16(3-4): 371 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Carduus hamulosus subsp. sordidus (DC.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 16(3-4): 371 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Carduus hamulosus var. pseudocollinus Schmalh.
= Carduus hamulosus var. sordidus DC.
= Carduus hamulosus var. spinigerus (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. spinigerus (Jord.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 1004 (1940)
= Carduus nigrescens var. spinigerus (Jord.) St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 416 (1889)
= Carduus pseudocollinus (Schmalh.) Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 510 (1962)
= Carduus spinigerus Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 215 (1846)
= Carduus tauricus Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 511, 569 (1962)
= Carduus tortuosus Gorl. & Ye.M.Kondr.; Ukr. Bot. Zhurn., 42(5): 54 (1985)
= Carduus tyraicus Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 507, 568 (1962)
= Onopyxus hamulosus (Ehrh.) Bubani; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. 5: 319 (1873)
subspecies :
subsp. hystrix (C.A.Mey.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 402 (1964)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey; Iran
32 KAZ 33 AZE 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hystrix C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Cauc. 71 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. stenocephalus (Tamamsch.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: E-European Russia; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus
14 RUS UKR 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus stenocephalus Tamamsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 16: 468 (1954)
species :
Carduus hohenackeri Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 366 (1964)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Carduus ibicensis (Devesa & Talavera) Rosselló & N.Torres; Fl. Montiberica 31:48 (2005)
Distribution: Baleares (Ibiza, Formentera)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bourgeanus subsp. ibicensis Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia, 10(1): 61 (1981)
= Carduus bourgaeanus var. devesae O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot., 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. 1988)
species :
Carduus kerneri Simonk.; Term. Füz. 10: 181 (1886), et Enum. fl. Transsilv. 337 (1886)
subspecies :
subsp. kerneri
Distribution: Montenegro; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine
13 BUL MNT ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus fussii A.Kern. ex Simonk.; Termesz. Fuzet. 10: 181 (1886), et Enum. fl. Transilv. (1886) 337 in syn.
= Carduus ×lindtneri Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 177 (1939)
subspecies :
subsp. lobulatiformis (Csürös & Nyár.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 454 (1974)
Distribution: Romania (S-Carpathians)
13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lobulatiformis Csürös & Nyár.; Stud. Cerc. Biol., Cluj, Acad. Republ. Popul. Romane 8: Fasc. 1-2, 190(1957)
subspecies :
subsp. scardicus (Griseb.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 417 (1964)
Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; N-Greece
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus kerneri subsp. austroorientalis Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 49 (1975)
= Carduus scardicus (Griseb.) Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 726 (1897)
species :
Carduus kirghisicus Sultanova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(11): 103 (2000)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
species :
Carduus kumaonensis (Arènes) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 364 (1964)
Distribution: Pakistan (Astor); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus crispus subsp. kumaonensis Arènes; Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nouv., ser. 24: 189 (1849)
species :
Carduus lanuginosus Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1648 (1803)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pannosus Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 271 (1875)
= Onopordum lanuginosum (Willd.) Sosn. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 4: 191 (1934)
species :
Carduus leptocladus Durand; Duch. Rev. Bot. t. 1845 362 (1846)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pteracanthus var. leptocladus (Durand) Batt.
species :
Carduus litigiosus Nocca & Balb.; Fl. Ticin. 2: 99 (1821)
subspecies :
subsp. litigiosus
Distribution: SE-France; N-Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus arenarius DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 457 (1815)
= Carduus candollei Moretti; Pl. Ital. Dec. 2: 10 (1824)
= Carduus decandollei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 283 (1840)
= Carduus intricatus Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 91. t. 866 (1852)
= Carduus litigiosus var. intricatus Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 358 (1904)
= Carduus litigiosus var. obesus Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 69 (1931)
= Carduus montanus Suffren ex DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 625 (1838)
= Carduus sanctae-balmae Loisel.; Nouv. Not. Fl. France: 34 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. horridissimus (Briq. & Cavill.) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 49 (1975)
Distribution: SE-France (Alpes Maritimes)
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus horridissimus (Briq. & Cavill.) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 268 (2010)
= Carduus litigiosus var. horridissimus Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 68 (1931)
= Carduus litigiosus var. spinosior Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 76 (1905)
species :
Carduus lobulatus Borbás; Magyar Bot. Lapok 1: 318 (1902)
Distribution: Poland; Slovakia
11 POL SLO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus collinus subsp. lobulatus (Borbás) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 23(3-4): 391 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Carduus spinulosus subsp. lobulatus (Borbás) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 453 (1974)
species :
Carduus macrocephalus Desf.; Fl. Atl. 2: 245 (1899)
Distribution: England; Switzerland; Poland; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Albania; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; South Africa [I] (E-Cape Prov. [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I])
10 GRB 11 POL SWI 12 SAR 13 ALB CRO ITA SLV 20 ALG MOR TUN 27 saf 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus atlanticus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 22 (1874)
= Carduus kahenae Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 275 (1875)
= Carduus macrocephalus subsp. scabrisquamus (Arènes) Kazmi
= Carduus macrocephalus var. atlanticus (Pomel) Batt.
= Carduus macrocephalus var. kabylicus Maire
= Carduus macrocephalus var. kahenae (Pomel) Batt.; (1889)
= Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Gugler
= Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman
= Carduus nutans subsp. scabrisquamus Arènes
= Carduus nutans var. macrocephalus (Desf.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 111 (1972)
= Carduus propinquus Pomel ex Batt. & Trab.; Fl. de l´Alger. (Dicot.). 524 (1889)
species :
Carduus malyi Greuter; Willdenowia 35: 227 (2005), nom. nov.
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus illyricus K.Malý; Bull. Inst. Jard. Bot. Univ. Belgrade 2: 57 (1932), non Batt.
species :
Carduus maroccanus (Arènes) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 347 (1964)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus granatensis var. maurus (Emb. & Maire) Pau
= Carduus nigrescens var. tetuanensis Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 346 (1924)
= Carduus nutans subsp. maroccanus Arènes
= Carduus nutans subsp. maurus (Emb. & Maire) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 227 (2005)
= Carduus platypus subsp. adpressus Andrews
= Carduus platypus subsp. maurus (Emb. & Maire) Maire
= Carduus platypus var. maurus Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 2: 6 (1929)
species :
Carduus martinezii Pau; Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 348 (1924)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus font-queri Pau; Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1930: no. 687 (1932)
= Carduus martinezii subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Kazmi; (1964)
species :
Carduus membranaceus Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 2(1): 168 (1903)
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
species :
Carduus meonanthus Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 2: 186 (1820 publ. 1828)
subspecies :
subsp. meonanthus
Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; SW-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ammophilus Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 2: 187 (1824)
= Carduus meonanthus var. ammophilus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 1: 647 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. valentinus (Boiss. & Reut.) Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 102 (1981)
Distribution: E- & SE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bourgeanus subsp. valentinus (Boiss. & Reut.) Franco; J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 71(1): 49 (1975)
= Carduus crispus var. valentinus (Boiss. & Reut.) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 187 (1949)
= Carduus meonanthus var. valentinus (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 14: 211 (1915)
= Carduus myriacanthus var. valentinus (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 118 (1926)
= Carduus valentinus Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 45 (1856)
species :
Carduus modestii Tamamsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 15: 386 (1953)
Distribution: Mongolia
37 MON
species :
Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 624 (1838)
Distribution: S- & SE-Spain (Almeria, Cádiz); Gibraltar; Morocco; Algeria
12 GIB SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus baeticus Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 63 (1852)
= Carduus balansae Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 44 (1856)
= Carduus carlinoides Durieu ex DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 625 (1838), nom. inval.
= Carduus confertus Bourg. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 194 (1865)
= Carduus reuterianus f. baeticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 65 (1896)
species :
Carduus nawaschini Bordz.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Kiev 12-13: 141 (1931)
Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus flavescens K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 394 (1851) (non L. (1753))
species :
Carduus nervosus K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 42 (1843)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE 34 TUR
species :
Carduus nigrescens Vill.; Prosp. Pl. Dauph. 30 (1779)
subspecies :
subsp. nigrescens
Name: Schwärzliche Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; E-, NC-, N- & EC-Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; SC-France; NW-Italy
11 ger 12 ADO FRA GIB SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides var. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr. ex Martrin-Donos) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 79 (1905)
= Carduus assoi (Willk.) Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia, 10(1): 62 (1981)
= Carduus australis Jord.; Index Seminum (GR, Gratianopolis) 1849: 14 (1849)
= Carduus cebennensis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 81 (1905)
= Carduus controversus Sudre; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 12: 22 (1894)
= Carduus hamulosus subsp. nigrescens (Vill.) Bonnier; Bonnier & R. C. V. Douin, 38 (1923)
= Carduus hamulosus subsp. spiniger (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 182 (1889)
= Carduus hamulosus var. spiniger (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
= Carduus martrinii Timb.-Lagr.; J. V. de Martrin-Donos, Fl. Tarn 1: 377 (1864)
= Carduus medius subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr. ex Martrin-Donos) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 393 (1964)
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. assoi Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. fl. Hisp. 105 (1893)
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. australis (Nyman) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr. ex Martrin-Donos) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. recurvatus (Jord. ex Boreau) Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 84 (1931)
= Carduus nigrescens var. assoi (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 91 (1988)
= Carduus nigrescens var. australis (Jord.) Arènes; Monde Pl. 44: 18 (1949)
= Carduus nigrescens var. virgatus (Rouy) Arènes; Monde Pl. 44: 18 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. nigrescens (Vill.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 353 (1904)
= Carduus platypus subsp. celtibericus Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 60 (1907)
= Carduus recurvatus Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France, éd. 3 2: 359 (1857)
= Carduus spiniger Jord.; Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 215 (1846)
= Carduus spinigerus proles australis (Jord.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 80 (1905)
= Carduus spinigerus f. australis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 80 (1905)
= Carduus subcarlinoides Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Arag. 6: 27 (1907)
= Carduus timbali Martrin-Donos; Fl. Tarn 1: 377 (1864)
= Carduus virgatus Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 80 (1905)
= Carduus vivariensis subsp. assoi (Willk.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. (München) 5: 400 (1964)
= Carduus vivariensis subsp. australis (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. aemilii (Briq. & Cavill.) B.P.R.Chéron; Compt. Rend. Soc. Bot. Ardèche 62: 14 (2018)
Distribution: France
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus aemilii Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 87 (1931)
subspecies :
subsp. hispanicus (Franco) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: SE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus assoi subsp. hispanica (Franco) Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia, 10(1): 62 (1981)
= Carduus chrysacanthus subsp. hispanicus Franco; J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 71(1): 48 (1975)
= Carduus granatensis var. gracilis Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 106 (1893)
= Carduus subcarlinoides subsp. gracilis (Rouy ex Willk.) Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 1: 10 (1982)
species :
Carduus numidicus Coss. & Durieu; Dur., Expl. Sci. Algérie 1: t. 49 (1849)
Distribution: France [I]; Algeria
12 fra 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nutans subsp. numidicus (Coss. & Durieu) Arènes
= Carduus thoermeri subsp. numidicus (Coss. & Durieu) Kazmi
species :
Carduus nutans L.; Sp. Pl. 821 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. nutans
Name: Nickende Distel (DE), Musk or nodding thistle (EN), chardon penché (FR)
Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread on mainland, Sporades, Limnos, Samothraki); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; ?Algeria; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], District of Columbia [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Araucanía [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER NET SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 EAI 36 CHI 37 MON 38 kor 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle uru
Remarks: Validity and delimitation of the various subspecies highly fluctuating and disputed
Synonyms: hidden
= Ascalea nutans (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 60 (1768)
= Carduus aggregatus Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv. ed. IV. 11 (1821)
= Carduus appeninus Jan ex DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 622 (1838)
= Carduus armenus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 516 (1875)
= Carduus chrysacanthus var. leucanthus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 198 (1865)
= Carduus coloratus (C.Winkl.) Tamamsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 15: 390 (1953)
= Carduus hamulosus Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XLVIII (1812)
= Carduus kondratjukii Gorl.; Ukr. Bot. Zhurn., 42(5): 52 (1985)
= Carduus latisquamus Freyn & Conrath ex Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 357 (1895)
= Carduus leiophyllus var. vestitus Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 102 (1902)
= Carduus nutans f. leucanthus (Willk.) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 235 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. armenus Boiss.
= Carduus nutans var. brachycentrus Haussm.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 7: 40 (1895)
= Carduus nutans var. camerosianum Pau; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 25: 82 (1926)
= Carduus nutans var. chrysacanthoides Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 93 (1931)
= Carduus nutans var. coloratus C.Winkl. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.
= Carduus nutans var. heldreichii Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 237 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. litoralis P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 530 (75, 531) (2006)
= Carduus nutans var. longispinus (Moris) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 238 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. macrocephalus Wender.; 279 (1846)
= Carduus nutans var. ortholepis Bornm.; 189 (1918)
= Carduus nutans var. petrovicii Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 237 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. phyllolepis (Willk.) Rivas Mart., T.E.Díaz, Fern.Prieto, Loidi & Penas; Veg. Picos de Europa: 259 (1984)
= Carduus nutans var. songaricus C.Winkl. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 4: 277 (1911)
= Carduus nutans var. stribrnyi Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 237 (1949)
= Carduus nutans var. vestitus (Hallier) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 654 (1967)
= Carduus phyllolepis Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 41: 51 (1891)
= Carduus schischkinii Tamamsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR 15: 389 (1953)
= Carduus songoricus (C.Winkl. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.) Tamamsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR 15: 391 (1953)
= Carduus thoermeri subsp. armenus (Boiss.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 334 (1964)
= Onopyxus nutans (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 145 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. alpicola (Gillot) Chass. & Arènes; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83: 411 (1936)
Name: Alpische Nickende Distel (DE)
Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Bayern); France; Italy
11 BGM GER NET 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus alpicola Gillot; 247 (1902)
= Carduus nutans subsp. alpicola (Gillot) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr.: 16 (1973) without basionym date
= Carduus nutans var. alpicola (Gillot) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 1004 (1940)
= Carduus nutans var. latisquamus Belli; Malpighia 2: 865 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. falcatoincurvus P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Elinburgh, 33(3): 411 (1975)
Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey
13 TUE 34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. n. s., 24(4): 237 (1949)
Name: Glatte Nickende Distel (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; San Marino [I]; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; S-European Russia; Estonia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Parwan); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 BGM ger HUN SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM sma SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus attenuatus Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 517, 570 (1962)
= Carduus leiophyllus Petrovic; Addit. Fl. Agr. Nyss. 105 (1886)
= Carduus macrocephalus subsp. sporadum (Halácsy) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 48 (1975)
= Carduus macrolepis Peterm.; Flora 27: 492 (1844)
= Carduus nutans subsp. attenuatus (Klokov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 185 (2000)
= Carduus nutans subsp. macrolepis (Peterm.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 326 (1964)
= Carduus nutans var. leiophyllus G.A.Mulligan & Frankton; Canad. Field-Naturalist 68: 35 (1954), nom. illeg.
= Carduus nutans var. sporadum Halácsy
= Carduus pindicola Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5: 86 (1887)
= Carduus thoermeri Weinm.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 9(7): 69 (1837)
subspecies :
subsp. micropterus (Borbás) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 704 (1931)
Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania
13 ALB BIH CRO ITA MNT SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus micropterus (Borbás) Teyber; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 60: 308 (1910)
= Carduus nutans var. micropterus Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 14: 390 (1877)
subspecies :
subsp. perspinosus (Fiori) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24: 236 (1949)
Distribution: C- & S-Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus micropterus subsp. perspinosus (Fiori) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 337 (1964)
= Carduus nutans f. perspinosus Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 352 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. platylepis (Rchb. & Saut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 411 (1879)
Name: Breitschuppige Nickende Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia
11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nutans var. platylepis (Rchb. & Saut.) Hampe; 48 (1836)
= Carduus platylepis Rchb. & Saut.; Flora 13: 410 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. siculus (Franco) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus macrocephalus subsp. siculus Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 48 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. taygeteus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 704 (1931)
Distribution: Italy; Montenegro; European Turkey; Greece; Turkey
13 GRC ITA MNT TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus taygeteus Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 3(3): 42 (1856)
= Carduus taygeteus subsp. insularis Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 48 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. trojanus P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 412 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Carduus olympicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 43 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. olympicus
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. hypoleucus (Bornm.) P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 429 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey; Iran
34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hypoleucus Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20: II. 161 (1906)
species :
Carduus onopordioides Fisch. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 3: 552 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. onopordioides
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus onopordioides var. albidens Ghahr. & Mozaff.; Fl. Iran 19: no. 2274 (1999)
subspecies :
subsp. atropatanicus (Grossh.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Nachichevan)
33 AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus atropatanicus Sosn. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 4: 175 (1934)
subspecies :
subsp. furiosus (Tamamsch.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus furiosus Tamamsch.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 28: 17, 599 (1963)
subspecies :
subsp. hajastanicus (Tamamsch.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hajastanicus Tamamsch.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 28: 16, 599 (1963)
subspecies :
subsp. turcicus (Kazmi) Davies; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 429 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus turcicus Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München. 5: 365 (1964)
species :
Carduus paui Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 62 (1981)
Distribution: E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus carlinifolius subsp. paui (Devesa & Talavera) Mateo; Claves Fl. Prov. Teruel: 383 (1992)
= Carduus defloratus subsp. paui (Devesa & Talavera) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Paisos Catalans 3: 881 (1995)
species :
Carduus personata (L.) Jacq.; Fl. Austr. 4: 25 (1776)
subspecies :
subsp. personata
Name: Kletten-Distel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine
11 AUT CZE GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Arctium personata L.; Sp. Pl. 816 (1753)
= Carduus arctioides Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 22 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Carduus leucanthemos Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 417 (1866)
= Carduus personata var. glabratus Tausch; 496 (1834)
= Carduus personata var. microcephalus R.Uechtr.; 138 (1876)
= Carduus personata var. pseudocrispus (Schur) Simonk.; 339 (1887)
= Carduus personatus (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. 2: 378 (1791)
= Carduus simplicifolius Sang.; Atti Accad. Pontif. Sci. Nuovi Lincei 18: t. 2 (1865)
= Carduus traunsteineri Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur.: t. 461 (1903)
= Cirsium lappaceum Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 24 (1779), nom. superfl.
= Lappa personata (L.) Lam.; Encyc. 1: 378 (1783)
subspecies :
subsp. albidus (Adamovic) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5. 376 (1964)
Distribution: Italy; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (very rare along the border); Ukraine
13 ALB BIH BUL GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SRB 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus personata var. albidus Adamovic; Nastavnik 4, Pril. 7 (1893)
= Carduus bicolorifolius Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 11: 499, 566 (1962)
species :
Carduus platypus Lange; Ind. Sem. Horto Haun. 1857: 26 (1857)
subspecies :
subsp. platypus
Distribution: EC- & NE-Portugal; NW- & C-Spain
12 POR SPA
Remarks: often included in C. nutans as subspecies
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nigrescens var. spinulosus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 197 (1865)
= Carduus nutans Boiss. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 411 (1879), nom. inval.
= Carduus nutans subsp. platypus (Lange) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
variant :
var. lusitanicus (Rouy) Devesa; Fl. Iber.16(1): 190 (2014)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lusitanicus Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur.: t. 437 (1903)
subspecies :
subsp. granatensis (Willk.) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr.: 16 (1973)
Distribution: S- & SE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus granatensis Willk.; Linnaea 30: 113 (1859)
= Carduus nutans subsp. granatensis (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot., 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. (1988)
= Carduus platypus subsp. granatensis (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 411 (1879)
= Carduus recurvatus Willk.; Linnaea 30: 113 (1859 publ. 1860)
= Carduus sandwithii Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 350 (1964)
species :
Carduus poliochrus Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: II. 272 (1875)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Remarks: sometimes listed as ´Carduus polyochrus´
species :
Carduus pumilus D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 167 (1825), nom. illeg., non Vill.
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Carduus pycnocephalus L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1151 (1763)
subspecies :
subsp. pycnocephalus
Name: Knäuelköpfige Distel (DE); Italian thistle (EN); Cardo de calvero (ES)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden; Belgium; Germany [I]; Austria; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread); Crete (incl. islets); Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura); Ethiopia [I]; Turkmenistan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Faryab, Kandahar, Samangan); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, S-Saudi Arabia: Rub to Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Chitral); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Idaho [I], Mississippi [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I]); Brazil [I] (Rio Grande do Sul [I]); Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 DEN GRB SWE 11 AUT BGM ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT PEL SIC SLV SMA TUE 14 BLR KRY MLD UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 24 eth 32 TKM 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU 40 IND PAK srl 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 351 (1778), nom. illeg.
= Carduus galactites Lam.; Encyc. 1: 701 (1783)
= Carduus litigiosus Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 26 (1827)
= Carduus lucidus Moench; Methodus 554 (1794)
= Carduus parviflorus Buch; Beschr. CI. 147
= Carduus peregrinus Retz.; Observ. Bot. 1: 27 (1779)
= Carduus pseudosyriacus Lojac.; Naturalista Sicil. 4: 109 (1885)
= Carduus pycnocephalus proles mouillefarinei Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 72 (1905)
= Carduus syncephalus Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 281 (1831)
= Carduus tenuiflorus subsp. pycnocephalus (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 177 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. pycnocephalus (L.) DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 626 (1838)
= Carduus zapateri E.Rev. & Debeaux; Lucante, Rev. Soc. Franc. Bot. 12: 354 (1895)
= Cnicus pycnocephalus (L.) Roth; Usteri, Ann. Bot. 8: 8 (1794)
= Onopyxus pycnocephalus (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 139 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. albidus (M.Bieb.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 446 (1964)
Name: Weiße Knäuelköpfige Distel (DE); White Plymouth Thistle (EN)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; ?Egypt; W-Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Takhar); Cyprus; Lebanon
13 ALB BUL GRC KRI NMA TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus albidus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 269 (1808)
= Carduus pycnocephalus var. albidus (M.Bieb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 521 (1875)
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. albidus (M.Bieb.) DC.; Prodr [A. DC.] 6: 626 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. intermedius (Lojac.) Giardina & Raimondo; Bocconea 20:10 (2007)
Distribution: Pantelleria
13 PTL
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus intermedius Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 2(1): 167 (1903)
species :
Carduus quercifolius F.K.Mey.; Haussknechtia Beih. 15: 165 (fig. 29) (2011)
Distribution: Albania
13 ALB
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status to be verified
species :
Carduus ramosissimus Pancic; Elench. Pl. Vasc. Crna Gora 51 (1875)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania
13 ALB BIH KOS MNT SRB
species :
Carduus rechingeranus Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. München 5: 420, f. 36 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Carduus rivasgodayanus Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 34 (1981)
Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. da Ronda)
12 SPA
species :
Carduus santacreui (Devesa & Talavera) Devesa; Fl. Iber. 16(1): 194 (2014)
Distribution: S-Spain (Cadiz)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lusitanicus subsp. santacreui Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 42 (1981)
species :
Carduus seminudus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 2: 271 (1808)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN
species :
Carduus spachianus Durand; Duch. Rev. Bot. 1: 361 (1845 publ. 1846)
subspecies :
subsp. spachianus
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus duriaei Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Nov. 64 (1852)
= Carduus meonanthus subsp. duriaei (Boiss. & Reut.) Quézel & Santa
= Carduus meonanthus subsp. spachianus (Durand) Maire
= Carduus pteracanthus Durand; Duch. Rev. Bot. 1: 362 (1845 publ. 1846)
subspecies :
subsp. atlantis (Humb. & Maire) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus atlantis Humbert & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 15, 43 (1926)
subspecies :
subsp. megalatlanticus (Maire) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus atlantis subsp. megalatlanticus (Maire) Emb.; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc: 797 (1934)
= Carduus megalatlanticus Emb.; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. xxxIII. 48 (1932 publ. 1933)
species :
Carduus squarrosus DC. ex Lowe; Trans. Cambess. Phil. Soc. 6: (1838) reimpr. 18
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Clavena squarrosa DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 633 (1838)
species :
Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis; Fl. Lond 2(6). t. 55 (1793)
subspecies :
subsp. tenuiflorus
Name: Schmalköpfige Distel (DE); Slender-flowered thistle (EN); Cardo borriquero (ES)
Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Sao Miguel, Sta. Maria, Terceira); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote, Tenerife); South Africa [I] (fairly widespread); India [I] (Jammu & Kashmir [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I]); Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I])
10 GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 BGM ger NET POL SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 saf 40 ind 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 83 bol 85 arg cle uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argiroa Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 413 (1879)
= Carduus corbariensis Timb.-Lagr. & Theven.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, sér. 7, 6: 647 (1874)
= Carduus microcephalus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 168 (1829)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 524 (1889)
= Carduus pycnocephalus var. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 521 (1878)
= Carduus syncephalus Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 87. t. 864 (1831)
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. corbariensis (Timb.-Lagr. & Thevenau) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 71 (1905)
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. peduncularis N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe: 139 (1838)
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. spinulosus Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 347 (1924)
= Carduus tenuiflorus var. stenolepis Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 51 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. sardous (DC.) Gamisans, Piquemal & Schlüssel; Compl. Prod. Fl. Corse Asteraceae II: 113 (2004)
Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy
12 COR FRA SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus sardous DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 626 (1838)
= Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. sardous (DC.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 524 (1889)
species :
Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek; Prodr. Fl. Penins. Bakan. 2: 705 (1931)
Distribution: C- & E-Bulgaria
13 BUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus seminudus var. thracicus Velen.
species :
Carduus tmoleus Boiss.; Diagn. pl. Or. Nov. l(4): 21 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. tmoleus
Distribution: S-Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of mainland, Thasos, Samothraki); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
13 ALB BUL GRC 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus armatus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Ser. I. 6: 104 (1846)
= Carduus tmoleus subsp. armatus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 48 (1975)
= Cnicus armatus Sol.; Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 262 (1794)
subspecies :
subsp. baldaccii (Kazmi) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: S-Albania
13 ALB
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus cronius subsp. baldaccii Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 379 (1964)
subspecies :
subsp. cronius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: North Macedonia; NW-Greece
13 GRC NMA
Remarks: probably only a variety fide Strid
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus cronius Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 1(6): 105 (1846)
= Carduus armatus var. cronius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Halácsy
species :
Carduus transcaspicus Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 65: 37 (1918)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
species :
Carduus uncinatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 3: 553 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. uncinatus
Distribution: Germany [I]; SE-Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
11 ger 13 ROM 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hamulosus subsp. uncinatus (M.Bieb.) Elenevsky & Derv.-Sok.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol., 97(1): 100 (1992)
variant :
var. transcaspicus (Rech.f.) Parsa; Flore de l´Iran (Publ. Univ. Teheran 1777) 10: 139 (1980)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus uncinatus subsp. transcaspicus Rech.f.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 54: 15 (1944)
subspecies :
subsp. davisii Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. (München) 5: 404 (1964)
Distribution: Crimea
14 KRY
species :
Carduus vivariensis Jord.; Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 212 (1846)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; S- & SC-France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nigrescens subsp. vivariensis (Jord.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 178 (1894)
species :
Carduus volutarioides Reyes-Bet.; Vieraea 31: 294 (2003)
Name: Teneriffa-Distel (DE); Cardo de Icod (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
species :
Carduus ×aragonensis Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 108 (1981)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus assoi ssp. assoi x paui
species :
Carduus ×arvaticus Font Quer & Rothm.; Sched. Fl. Iber. Select., Cent. II-III, n. 284 (1935)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus medius x phyllolepis
species :
Carduus ×atacinus (Arènes) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 268 (2011 publ. 2012)
Distribution: Spain; France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x nigrescens
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×variabilis subsp. atacinus Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 242 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×axillaris Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 169 (1828)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Slovakia; etc.
11 GER SLO
Remarks: Carduus crispus x defloratus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×amsteinii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.f., 23-24: 106 (1880)
= Carduus ×burnatii F.O.Wolf; 263 (1898)
= Carduus ×burnatii Genty; Index Seminum (DIJON, Divionensis) 1907: 19 (1907)
= Carduus ×fatrae Margittai; Magyar Bot. Lapok 13: 79 (1914)
= Carduus ×groedigensis Fritsch; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 39: 89 (1889)
= Carduus ×moritzii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.f., 23-24: 106 (1880)
= Carduus ×moritzii subsp. burnatii (Genty) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 245 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×beckianus Soó
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
species :
Carduus ×bergadensis Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 3: 150 (1917) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. bergadensis
Distribution: Spain; etc.
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus carlinifolius x nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×leridanus Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 109 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. mercadaliae (Mateo, Fabregat & López Udias) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Flora Montiber. 59: 90 (2015) [nothossp.]
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus paui x nutans ssp. nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×leridanus subsp. mercadaliae Mateo, Fabregat & López Udias; An. Biol. Fac. Biol. Univ. Murcia 20: 103 (1995), as ´mercadalii´ [nothosubsp.]
species :
Carduus ×brunneri Döll; Fl. Baden 2: 946 (1859)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus defloratus x nutans
species :
Carduus ×budaianus Jáv.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 356 (1913)
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
species :
Carduus ×camplonensis Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia, 10(1): 62 (1981)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus carpetanus x platypus ssp. platypus
species :
Carduus ×cantabricus Devesa & Talavera; Lagascalia, 10(1): 61 (1981)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus carlinoides ssp. carlinoides x carpetanus
species :
Carduus ×estivali Arènes; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 15: 456 (1944) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. estivali
Distribution: Spain; etc.
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x nigrescens
subspecies :
subsp. carbonelii (Arènes) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 264 (2011 publ. 2012)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x vivariensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×variabilis subsp. carbonelii Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 252 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×fallax Borbás; Természet (Pest) 9: 121 (1877)
Distribution: Hungary; etc.
11 HUN
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x candicans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×bihariensis Simonk.; Természetrajzi Füz. 5: 51 (1881)
species :
Carduus ×gillotii Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 87 (1905)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus crispus x defloratus ssp. medius
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×moritzii subsp. gillotii (Rouy) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 245 (1949)
= Carduus ×nuriensis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 28: 106 (1930)
species :
Carduus ×grassensis Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 61 (1931)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x tenuiflorus
species :
Carduus ×grenieri Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 412 (1879) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. grenieri
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus nutans x personata
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×irmischii Sch.Bip. ex Thomé; Fl. Deutschl., ed. 2, 4: 369 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. alpestris Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 252 (1949) [nothossp.]
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus nutans ssp. platylepis x personata
species :
Carduus ×haussknechtii Bornm.; 37 (1895)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern)
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus personata x sepincola
species :
Carduus ×hazslinszkyanus Budai; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 356 (1913)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; etc.
11 HUN SLO
species :
Carduus ×intercedens Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 7: 41 (1895)
Distribution: Romania; etc.
13 ROM
Remarks: Carduus hamulosus x nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×dobrogensis Prodan; Fl. Român. 1: 1069 (1923), et Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Romine, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 324 (1957)
= Carduus ×nutantiformis subsp. intercedens (Hausskn.) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 252 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×ipe Boros; Biologia (Bratislava), Sect. Bot. 15: 846 (1960)
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
species :
Carduus ×jordanii Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 252 (1949)
Distribution: Spain; etc.
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus litigiosus x (nigrescens ssp.) vivariensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×nutantiformis subsp. lesurinus (Rouy) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 251 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×leptocephalus Peterm.; Fl. Deutschl.: 316 (1849)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Thüringen)
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x crispus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×aschersonianus Ruhmer; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 239 (1881)
= Carduus ×elatior Döll ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 865 (1928)
species :
Carduus ×meratii Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 248 (1949)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Carduus crispus x tenuiflorus
species :
Carduus ×mixtus Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 348 (1894)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus nutans x tenuiflorus
species :
Carduus ×montis-majoris Teyber; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 60: 309 (1910)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x nutans ssp. micropterus
species :
Carduus ×naegelii Brügger; 107 (1880)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern)
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus defloratus x personata
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×peculiaris Beck; 1234 (1893)
= Carduus ×stiriacus Beck; 1233 (1893)
species :
Carduus ×nyaradyanus Degen ex Nyar.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 114 (1913)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; etc.
11 HUN SLO
species :
Carduus ×orthocephalus Wallr.; Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 268, et in Linnaea 14: 86 (1840) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. orthocephalus
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Thüringen); Slovakia; etc.
11 GER SLO
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x nutans subsp. nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×braunii M.Loehr; 371 (1852)
= Carduus ×sonderi F.W.Schultz; 252 (1845)
subspecies :
subsp. carniolicus Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 244 (1949) [nothossp.]
Distribution:
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x nutans ssp. platylepis
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×carniolicus Rech.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 19: 152 (1913), nom. illeg.
species :
Carduus ×peisonis Teyber; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 58: (8) (1908)
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
species :
Carduus ×puechii H.J.Coste; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 321 (1902 publ. 1903)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus nigrescens x nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×nutantiformis Shuttlew. ex Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 90 (1905)
= Carduus ×nutantiformis subsp. puechii (H.J.Coste) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 251 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×pycnocephaloformis Arènes; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 15: 349 (1943)
Distribution: Spain; etc.
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus acicularis x pycnocephalus
species :
Carduus ×schulzeanus Ruhmer; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 240 (1881)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Thüringen)
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus acanthoides x defloratus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×draunburgensis Keller; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 865 (1928)
= Carduus ×khekii Murr; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 214 (1892)
= Carduus ×laxus Beck; 1232 (1893)
= Carduus ×rechingeri Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 442 (1901)
= Carduus ×schulzeanus subsp. laxus (Beck) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 241 (1949)
species :
Carduus ×sepincola Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 6: 25 (1894)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Sachsen); Austria; etc.
11 AUT GER
Remarks: Carduus crispus x personata. Stabilized hybrid forming its own populations, can possibly treated as full species
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×diversifolius Wallr.; 267 (1840), nom. inval.
= Carduus ×personatoformis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 83 (1905)
= Carduus ×personatoformis subsp. subinteger (Murr) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 248 (1949)
= Carduus ×subinteger Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg: 328 (1924)
species :
Carduus ×septentrionalis Devesa & Talavera; Rev. Carduus en Penins. Iberica e Isl. Baleares: 107 (1981)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus argemone x carpetanus
species :
Carduus ×solteszii Budai; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 356 (1913)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; etc.
11 HUN SLO
species :
Carduus ×stangii H.Buek ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 411 (1879) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. stangii
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Thüringen); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Carduus crispus x nutans
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×caflischii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.f., 23-24: 106 (1880)
= Carduus ×crispoformis Arènes; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 15: 455 (1944)
= Carduus ×dubius Balb.; Cat. Hort. Taur.: 21 (1813), nom. inval.
= Carduus ×polyacanthos Ruhmer; 239 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Carduus ×polyanthemus Schleich. ex Hegetschw. & Heer; Fl. Schweiz: 799 (1840), nom. illeg.
= Carduus ×stangii H.Buek ex W.D.J.Koch; 462 (1844), nom. inval.
= Carduus ×stangii subsp. vindobonensis (Beck) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 247 (1949)
= Carduus ×vindobonensis Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1238 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. killiasii (Brügger) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 248 (1949) [nothossp.]
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Carduus crispus x nutans ssp. platylepis
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×killiasii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.f., 23-24: 106 (1880)
subspecies :
subsp. semiperegrinus (Aellen) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 248 (1949)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Carduus crispus x nutans ssp. leiophyllus
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×semiperegrinus Aellen; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 50: 233 (1940)
species :
Carduus ×textorisianus Margittai
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
species :
Carduus ×theriotii Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 72 (1905) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. theriotii
Distribution: France
12 FRA
Remarks: Carduus pycnocephalus x tenuiflorus
subspecies :
subsp. cyrneus (Schlüssel & Jeanm.) Lambinon, Jeanm. & Schlüssel; Candollea 61: 107 (2006) [nothossp.]
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Remarks: Carduus pycnocephalus x tenuiflorus ssp. sardous
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×cyrneus Schlüssel & Jeanm.; Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse, Asteraceae II: 114 (2004)
= Carduus ×theriotii nothosubsp. cyrneus (Schlüssel & Jeanm.) Lambinon, Jeanm. & Schlüssel; Candollea 61(1): 107 (2006)
species :
Carduus ×turocensis Margittai; Magyar Bot. Lapok 13: 79 (1914)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; etc.
11 HUN SLO
species :
Carduus ×veronensis Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., n.s. 24: 252 (1949)
Distribution: Spain; etc.
12 SPA
Remarks: Carduus nutans x pycnocephalus
species :
Carduus ×vigoi Mateo; Fl. Montiberica 58: 11 (2014)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
species :
Carduus ×weizensis Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 593 (1913)
Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; etc.
11 AUT SLO
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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