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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

463.0000 Family Plantaginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 89 (1789), nom. cons.
93 genera, ca. 2050 spp.
Species listed in database: 2087; hybrids: 91
= Antirrhinaceae Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 154, 640 (1807)
= Aragoaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 109, 113 (1835)
= Callitrichaceae Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 7 (1821), nom. cons.
= Chelonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 124 (1820)
= Digitalidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 202 (1820)
= Ellisiophyllaceae Honda; M. Honda & M. Sakisaka, Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku (Syst. Pl. Japon.): 372 (1930)
= Erinaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1236 (1874)
= Globulariaceae DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 427 (1805), nom. cons.
= Gratiolaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 294 (1820)
= Hippuridaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 265, 278 (1818), nom. cons.
= Linariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 243 (1820)
= Littorellaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 290, 294 (1822)
= Oxycladaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regni Veg. 2: ad t. 151xx (1857-1870)
= Psylliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 69 (1834)
= Sibthorpiaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 114 (1835)
= Trapellaceae Honda & Sakis.; Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku [Syst. Pl. Japon.]: 378 (1930)
= Veronicaceae Cassel; Lehrb. Nat. Pflanzenord.: 366 (1817)
463.3007 Genus Cymbalaria Hill; Brit. Herb. 113 (1756)
Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean; 1 Crimea, Abkhazia, 1 Iran
Species listed in database: 17; hybrids: 1
species :
Cymbalaria acutiloba (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 26(1): 50 (1986)
subspecies :
subsp. acutiloba
Name: Lanzettblättriges Tännelkraut (DE); Lance-leaved Cancerwort (EN)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. acutiloba (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 108 (1967)
= Linaria microcalyx var. acutiloba Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 40 (1853)
subspecies :
subsp. dodekanesi (Greuter) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 26(1): 51 (1986)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, etc.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. dodekanesi Greuter; Boissiera 13: 108 (1967)
= Linaria microcalyx var. toplanensis (Coustur. & Gand.) Hayek; (1929)
= Linaria toplanensis Coustur. & Gand.; (1916)
species :
Cymbalaria aequitriloba (Viv.) A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83: 646 (1937)
Distribution: Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy (incl. Giglio Isl.)
12 BAL COR SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum aequitrilobum Viv.; Fl. Lib. Spec. 68, Fl. Cors. Sp. Nov. 10 (1824)
= Cymbalaria aequitriloba subsp. insularis (Rouy) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse: 206 (1985)
= Linaria aequitriloba (Viv.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 790 (1825)
= Linaria aequitriloba subsp. insularis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 11: 64 (1909)
= Linaria aequitriloba var. insularis (Rouy) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 328 (1926)
= Linaria aequitriloba var. parviflora L.Llorens; Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 24: 98 (1980), no type indicated
= Linaria fragilis var. aequiloba Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 314 (1887), nom. nud.
= Linaria hepaticifolia var. majorica Sennen & Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 11: 18 (1911)
= Linaria insularis Rouy; Fl. France 11: 64 (1909) ex Prain (1913)
species :
Cymbalaria bakhtiarica Podlech & Iranshahr; Fl. Iranica [Rech.] 180: 20 (2015)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cymbalaria ebelii (Cufod.) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 26(1): 50 (1986)
Distribution: Montenegro; N-Albania
13 ALB MNT
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. ebelii (Cufod.) Cufod.; Bot. Notiser 1947: 151 (1947)
= Linaria microcalyx subsp. ebelii Cufod.; (1936)
species :
Cymbalaria fragilis (Rodr.) A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 641 (1936 publ. 1937)
Distribution: Baleares (Menorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria aequitriloba subsp. fragilis (J.J.Rodr.) D.A.Webb; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 265 (1972)
= Linaria aequitriloba subsp. fragilis (J.J.Rodr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 98 (1983)
= Linaria fragilis J.J.Rodr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 25: 240 (1878)
species :
Cymbalaria glutinosa Bigazzi & Raffaelli; Webbia 54(2): 201 (2000)
subspecies :
subsp. glutinosa
Distribution: C-Italy
13 ITA
subspecies :
subsp. brevicalcarata Bigazzi & Raffaelli; Webbia 54(2): 202 (2000)
Distribution: C-Italy
13 ITA
species :
Cymbalaria hepaticifolia (Poir.) Wettst.; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 58 (1891)
Name: Leberblümchen-Zimbelkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Corsica
11 ger 12 COR
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum hepaticifolium Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 4: 19 (1816)
= Linaria hederifolia Salzm. ex Chav.; Monogr. Antirrh.: 100 (1833), nom. inval.
= Linaria hepaticifolia (Poir.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 482 (1821)
species :
Cymbalaria longipes (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83: 641 (1937)
Name: Langstieliges Tännelkraut (DE); Long-stemmed Cancerwort (EN)
Distribution: Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Syria (coastal W-Syria)
13 GRC KRI 34 CYP EAI SYR TUR
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum cymbalaria Sieber ex Chav.; (1833)
= Cymbalaria crassifolia (d´Urv.) Grande; Bull. Ort. Bot. Napoli 4: 170 (1914)
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. longipes (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter; Willdenowia 8(3): 580 (1979)
= Linaria cymbalaria subsp. longipes (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek; (1929)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. crassifolia d´Urv.; (1822)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. sieberi Chav.; (1833)
= Linaria longipes Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 40 (1853)
= Linaria microcalyx var. glabrescens Maire; (1921)
species :
Cymbalaria microcalyx (Boiss.) Wettst.; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl.,Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 58 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. microcalyx
Distribution: S-Greece (Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum microcalyx Chaub. & Bory; Bory, Exp. Sci. Morée, Bot.: 175 (1832)
= Antirrhinum pilosum Bory; Exp. Sci. Morée, Bot.: 39 (1832) non Jacq.
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. alba (Voliotis) Kit Tan; Endemic Pl. Greece, Peloponnese 328 (2001)
= Cymbalaria microcalyx var. alba Voliotis; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 8: 224 (1990)
= Cymbalaria microcalyx var. orphanidiana (Cufod.) Cufod.; Bot. Notiser 1947: 151 (1947)
= Linaria microcalyx Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. I. 4: 72 (1844)
= Linaria microcalyx var. orphanidiana Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 235 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. heterosepala (Cufod.) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 26(1): 50 (1986)
Distribution: W-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos)
13 KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx var. heterosepala (Cufod.) Critop.; Jordanov et al., Problems Balkan Fl & Veg.: 173 (1975), without basionym ref
= Cymbalaria microcalyx var. heterosepala (Cufod.) Cufod.; (1947)
= Linaria microcalyx var. heterosepala Cufod.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 111 (1943)
species :
Cymbalaria minor (Maire & Petitm. ex Cufod.) Speta; Phyton (Horn) 26: 51 (1986)
Distribution: Greece (W-Greece, Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. minor (Cufod.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 107 (1967)
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. minor (Maire & Petitm. ex Cufod.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 107 (1967)
= Cymbalaria microcalyx var. minor (Maire & Petitm. ex Cufod.) Cufod.; Bot. Notiser 1947: 151 (1947)
= Linaria microcalyx var. arcadiensis Lacaita ex Cufod.; (1936)
= Linaria microcalyx var. minor Maire & Petitm. ex Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 235 (1936)
species :
Cymbalaria muelleri (Moris) A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83. 645 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. muelleri
Distribution: ?Corsica; C-Sardinia (near Laconi)
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Linaria aequitriloba subsp. muelleri (Moris) Nyman; (1890)
= Linaria muelleri Moris; Diagn. Stirp. Sard. Nov. 1 (1857)
= Linaria pilosa subsp. muelleri (Moris) Nyman; (1881)
= Linaria pilosa var. pauciloba Benth.; (1846)
= Linaria pilosa var. pumila Chav.; (1833)
subspecies :
subsp. villosa Carnicero; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 191(3): 335 (2019)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Fl. Wetter. 2: 397 (1800)
subspecies :
subsp. muralis
Name: Mauer-Zymbelkraut (DE); Kenilworth ivy (EN); Palomilla de muro (ES)
Distribution: England [I]; Ireland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Monaco [I]; Andorra [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; Ukraine [I]; ?Crimea [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Azores [I]; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl.); South Africa [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Israel [I] (N-Israel [I]); South Korea [I]; India [I] (Himachal Pradesh [I], Jammu & Kashmir [I], Uttarakhand [I]); Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (E-Maui [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Jamaica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 den grb ire nor swe 11 aut bgm CZE ger hun LIE lux net pol SLO SWI 12 ado bal cis cor fra gib mco por spa 13 ALB BIH bul CRO grc ITA KOS kri rom SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 blr ukr 20 alg mor tun 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 27 saf 28 sth 29 mau mdg 33 geo ncs 34 eai isr leb 38 kor 40 ind 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua hon 81 jam 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 85 arg cle jnf uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum acutangulum Ten.; Fl. Nap. 2: 47. t. 59 (1820)
= Antirrhinum cimbalaria Neck.; Delic. Gallo-Belg. 1: 267 (1768), orth. var.
= Antirrhinum cymbalaria L.; Sp. Pl. ed. I. 612 (1753)
= Antirrhinum cymbalaria Sieber ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 267 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Antirrhinum hederaceum Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 338 (1779), nom. superfl.
= Antirrhinum hederifolium Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 96 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Antirrhinum muralis (G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 155 (1806)
= Antirrhinum quinquelobum Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 385 (1812)
= Cymbalaria cymbalaria (L.) Wettst.; Engl. et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 58 (1891)
= Cymbalaria flabellifer A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 650 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Cymbalaria gerbaulti A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 650 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Cymbalaria glechomifolia A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 647 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Cymbalaria globosa (Gerbault) A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 651 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Cymbalaria hederacea Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 322 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Cymbalaria muralis f. acutangula (Ten.) Cufod.; (1947)
= Cymbalaria muralis f. anarrhiniflora (Gerbault) Cufod.; (1947)
= Cymbalaria muralis f. glechomifolia (A.Chev.) Cufod.; (1947)
= Cymbalaria muralis f. heterophylla (Gerbault) Cufod.; (1947)
= Cymbalaria muralis f. seguieri (Goiran) Cufod.; (1947)
= Cymbalaria muralis f. toutonii (A.Chev.) Cufod.; Gattung Cymbalaria Hill.: 135 (1947)
= Cymbalaria toutonii A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 650 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Cymbalaria vulgaris Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 20 (1840)
= Cymbalina rupestris Raf.; (1840)
= Elatine cymbalaria (L.) Moench; Methodus 525 (1794)
= Linaria acutangula (Ten.) Ten.; Syll. Fl. Nap. 302 (1826)
= Linaria acutangula var. inarimensis Guss.; (1855)
= Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 17 (1768)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. acutangula (Ten.) Chav.; (1833)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. globosa Gerbault; Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, sér. 7, 5: 3 (1922)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. hederifolia (St.-Lag.) Rouy; (1909)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. hederiifolia (Salisb.) Chav.; (1833)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. heterophylla Gerbault; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 207 (1917)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. minor Goiran ex Fiori & Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 418 (1902)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. seguieri Goiran; (1890)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. vulgaris Vis.; 160 (1847), nom. inval.
= Linaria hederifolia St.-Lag.; Cariot, Etud. des fl. ed. 8, 2: 622 (1889)
= Linaria hederiifolia (Salisb.) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 482 (1821)
= Linaria lariensis Reut.; (1856)
= Tursitis cymbalaria (L.) Raf.; Autikon Bot. 156 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. visianii D.A.Webb; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 65: 265 (1972)
Name: Wolliges Mauer-Zimbelkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; C- & S-Italy; Croatia
11 ger 13 CRO ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria muralis f. visianii Kümmerle ex Jáv.; (1925)
= Cymbalaria muralis var. pilosa (Vis.) Degen; (1938)
= Cymbalaria visianii (Kümmerle) T.Junghans; 28 (2018), nom. illeg.
= Cymbalaria visianii Kümmerle; Magyar Bot. Lap. 10: 299 (1911), nomen, ex Cufod. (1947)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. pilosa Vis.; 160 (1847)
species :
Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst.; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 58 (1891)
Name: Bleiches Zimbelkraut (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Germany [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; C-Italy
10 grb 11 cze ger slo 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Antirrhinum pallidum Ten.; Fl. Nap. 1: 323 (1811)
= Antirrhinum pubescens Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXXVI (1812), nom. illeg.
= Cymbalaria pallida f. handelii Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 148 (1936)
= Linaria apennina Tausch; Syll. Ratisb. 2: 247 (1828)
= Linaria pallida (Ten.) Ten.; Fl. Nap. 1: 32. t. 159 (1830)
= Linaria pilosa var. longicalcarata Regel; (1883)
species :
Cymbalaria paradoxa (Greuter) Carnicero; Plant Syst. Evol. 307: 13 (2021)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Isl.)
34 EAI
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. paradoxa Greuter; Willdenowia 8(3): 580(1979)
species :
Cymbalaria pluttula (Rech.f.) Speta; Stapfia 7: 21 (1980)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Chaenorhinum pluttulum Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., ci. 403 (1964)
= Microrrhinum pluttulum (Rech.f.) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 26(1): 51 (1986)
species :
Cymbalaria pubescens (C.Presl) Cufod.; Bot. Notiser, 148 (1947)
Distribution: N- & E-Sicily
13 SIC
Remarks: see Bigazzi & Rafaelli (2000) for species status
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria muralis subsp. pubescens (C.Presl) D.A.Webb; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 65: 265 (1972)
= Cymbalaria pubescens f. heterophylla (Cufod.) Cufod.; (1947)
= Linaria cymbalaria var. pubescens (C.Presl) Tornab. ex Bég.; (1902)
= Linaria pilosa var. pubescens (C.Presl) Nyman; (1881)
= Linaria pubescens C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 74 (1822)
= Linaria pubescens f. heterophylla Cufod.; (1936)
species :
Cymbalaria spetae Carnicero; Plant Syst. Evol. 307: 13 (2021)
Distribution: S-Greece (S-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: microcalyx agg.
species :
Cymbalaria ×beguinotii (Cufod.) Ruch; Pl. Rev. 5(1): 49 (2023)
Distribution: C-Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Cymbalaria pallida x muralis
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbalaria pallida var. beguinotii (Cufod.) Cufod.; (1947)
= Linaria pallida var. beguinotii Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forli) 11(1): 3 (1936)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life