Name: Hundszahngras (DE); Bermuda-grass (EN); Hala que te quedas, Pelo de brujas, Pepe Ortiz, Yerba Bermuda (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. almost all islands); Crete; Latvia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria (Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya (incl. Tibesti); Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] (Île Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Aldabra; Agalega Isl.; Seychelles; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Bamyan, Helmand, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Minamijima, Hahajima); Taiwan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Niuatoputapu [I], Vava´u [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Tuvalu [I]; Tokelau [I] (Swains Isl. [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Tarawa [I]); Banaba [Ocean] Isl. [I]; Nauru [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I], Teraina [I], Tabueran [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Manihiki [I], Rakahanga [I], Penrhyn [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I], Tupai [I], Maupiti [I], Tetiaroa Atoll [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Takapoto Atoll [I], etc. [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I], Raivavae [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I], Malakal [I], Peleliu [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Alamagan [I], Sarigan [I], Anatahan [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Farallon de Medinilla [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Nomwin [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Losap [I], Satawan [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Enewetok [I], Kwajalein [I], Likiep [I], Majuro [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], Pearl and Hermes Reef [I], Lanai [I], French Frigate Shoals [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I], Niihau [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], Nebraska [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Minnesota [I], Iowa [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Indiana [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I]); Mexico [I]; Revillagigedos Isl. [I] (Isla Socorro [I]); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Anegada [I], Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I]); St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; N-Brazil [I] (Pará [I], Amazonas [I], Rondônia [I]); NE-Brazil [I] (Rio Grande do Norte [I], Paraíba [I], Bahia [I]); WC-Brazil [I] (Mato Grosso [I], Goiás [I], Brasilia Distrito Federal [I], Mato Grosso do Sul [I]); SE-Brazil [I] (Minas Gerais [I], Espírito Santo [I], São Paulo [I], Rio de Janeiro [I]); S-Brazil [I] (Paraná [I], Santa Catarina [I], Rio Grande do Sul [I]); Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I] (Buenos Aires [I], Catamarca [I], Chaco [I], Cordoba [I], Corrientes [I], Entre Rios [I], Formosa Prov. [I], Jujuy [I], La Pampa [I], La Rioja [I], Mendoza [I], Misiones [I], Neuquen [I], Rio Negro [I], Salta [I], Santiago del Estero [I], Santa Fe Prov. [I], San Luis Prov. [I], San Luis Prov. [I], Tucuman [I]); Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I]); Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 grb 11 AUT bgm CZE ger HUN lux NET SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY lat RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 28 asc STH 29 AGA ALD cgs COM MAU MDG REU ROD SEY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA 42 BOR cki JAW LSI MLY MOL nwg PHI SUL xms 43 BIS SOL 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ker nzl 60 asa fij gil nru nue nwc oce phx rot sam tok ton tuv van 61 aui coo eas lin mrq pit sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 71 cdn 72 spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex rgi 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba aru bah bbd bon cay cub cur dom gdl gre his jam mar mts pue ste stk stl stm stv tci trt ven vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle par uru 91 tdc
Remarks: delimitation of native area uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis bermudiana Tussac ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 259 (1833) [nom. inval.]
= Agrostis filiformis J.Koenig ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 261 (1833), pro syn.
= Agrostis linearis Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 4: 19 (1786)
= Agrostis stellata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 376 (1797)
= Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 764 (1891)
= Chloris cynodon Trin.; Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 229 (1824) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Chloris paytensis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 207 (1854)
= Cynodon aristiglumis Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 236 (1969)
= Cynodon aristulatus Caro & E.Sánchez; Darwiniana 17: 514 (1972)
= Cynodon barberi f. longifolia Join; Indian Forester 92: 699 (1966)
= Cynodon dactylon f. glabrescens (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972), nom. inval.
= Cynodon dactylon f. major (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Cynodon dactylon f. villosus (Regel) Roshev.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 285 (1934)
= Cynodon dactylon f. viviparus Beetle; Phytologia 48: 189 (1981)
= Cynodon dactylon septentrionalis Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 85 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon subsp. glabratus (Steud.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 282 (1947)
= Cynodon dactylon subvar. hirsutissima Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4(1): 25 (1924)
= Cynodon dactylon var. aridus J.R.Harlan & de Wet; Crop Sci. (Madison) 9: 774 (1969)
= Cynodon dactylon var. densus Hurcombe; J. S. African Bot. 13: 107 (1947)
= Cynodon dactylon var. elegans Rendle; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 2: 221 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon var. glabratus (Steud.) Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 26: 82 (1919)
= Cynodon dactylon var. hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 368 (1939)
= Cynodon dactylon var. pusillus Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1(2): 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 85 (1805)
= Cynodon dactylon var. septentrionalis Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 85 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon var. stellatus (Willd.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 463 (1841)
= Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 91 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 305 (1869)
= Cynodon decipiens Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 262 (1969)
= Cynodon erectus J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 290 (1830)
= Cynodon glabratus Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 212 (1854)
= Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 258 (1969), pro syn.
= Cynodon hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 220 (1969)
= Cynodon iraquensis Caro; Dominguezia 6: 5 (1983)
= Cynodon linearis (Retz.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 90 (1809)
= Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 463 (1841) [nom. inval.]
= Cynodon pascuus Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 425 (1829)
= Cynodon polevansii Stent; Bothalia 2: 278, 283 (1927)
= Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 463 (1940) [nom. inval., as syn. of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]
= Cynodon repens Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 76 (1867), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Cynodon sarmentosus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 100 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Cynodon scabrifolius Caro; Dominguezia 6: 13 (1983)
= Cynodon stellatus (Willd.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 90 (1809)
= Cynodon tenuis Trin. ex Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 2: 63 (1821)
= Cynodon umbellatus (Lam.) Caro; Dominguezia 6, f. 4: 16 (1983)
= Cynosurus dactylon (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 85 (1805)
= Cynosurus uniflorus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 82 (1788)
= Dactilon officinale Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 69 (1787), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Dactylus officinalis Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 810 (1864), pro syn.
= Digitaria dactylon (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 238 (1785)
= Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 52 (1771)
= Digitaria glumipatula (Steud.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 439 (1857)
= Digitaria linearis (Retz.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 271 (1825)
= Digitaria littoralis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 19 (1796) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Digitaria stolonifera Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 1: 165 (1806) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Fibichia dactylon (L.) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 15: 26 (1903)
= Fibichia umbellata f. glabrescens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata f. major Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 308 (1802), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Fibichia umbellata var. glabrescens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata var. major Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 76 (1890)
= Milium dactylon (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 67 (1802)
= Panicum dactylon L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 58 (1753)
= Panicum glumipatulum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 41 (1853)
= Panicum lineare L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 85 (1762)
= Panicum sanguinale var. ambiguum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 131 (1813)
= Paspalum ambiguum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 16 (1805), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Paspalum dactylon (L.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 16 (1805), isonym
= Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176 (1791)
= Paspalum umbellatum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 177 (1791)
= Phleum dactylon (L.) Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 4: 681 (1775)
= Syntherisma linearis (L.) Nash; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 420 (1895)
= Vilfa linearis (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 16 (1812)
= Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 16 (1812)
