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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

174.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12070; hybrids: 386
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
174.9558 Genus Cynodon Rich.; Pers. Syn. 1: 85 (1805)
Distribution: temp., subtropical and tropical regions; 1 in S-European part of Russia, Caucasus, Altai, Middle Asia. There is considerable disagreement about the delimitation of species (lumping vs. splitting).
Species listed in database: 19; hybrids: 1
= Capriola Adans.; Fam. 2: 31 (1763)
= Dactilon Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 69 (1787)
= Dactylon Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 2: 411 (1817), pro syn.
= Dactylus Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 810 (1864), nom. inval.
= Fibichia Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 308 (1802)
species :
Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & J.R.Harlan; Kew Bull. 24: 187 (1970)
Name: Ethiopian dogstooth grass
Distribution: Benin; Nigeria; Rwanda; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); India [I]; Australia [I] (E-Queensland [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Texas [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]
22 BEN NGA 23 RWA 24 ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 40 ind 50 aus 63 haw 77 usa 81 trt
species :
Cynodon affinis Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 223 (1969)
Distribution: Martinique [I]; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); Uruguay (San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble)
81 mar 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon dactylon var. affinis (Caro & Sánchez) Romero Zarco; Lagascalia 14(1): 171 (1986)
species :
Cynodon barberi Rang. & Tadul.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist Soc. 24: 846 (1916)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Myanmar
40 IND LDV SRL 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon barberi f. longifolium S.K.Jain; Indian Forester 92(11): 699 (1966)
species :
Cynodon bradleyi Stent; Bothalia 2: 277, 285 (1927)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cynodon coursii A.Camus; Not. Syst., Paris 16: 323 (1961)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon dactylon var. coursii (A.Camus) J.R.Harlan & de Wet; Crop Sci.(Madison) 9: 775 (1969)
species :
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805)
Name: Hundszahngras (DE); Bermuda-grass (EN); Hala que te quedas, Pelo de brujas, Pepe Ortiz, Yerba Bermuda (ES)
Distribution: England; Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Latvia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria (Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya (incl. Tibesti); Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Aldabra; Agalega Isl.; Seychelles; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Bamyan, Helmand, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Minamijima, Hahajima); Taiwan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Niuatoputapu [I], Vava´u [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Tuvalu [I]; Tokelau [I] (Swains Isl. [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Tarawa [I]); Banaba [Ocean] Isl. [I]; Nauru [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I], Teraina [I], Tabueran [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Manihiki [I], Rakahanga [I], Penrhyn [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I], Tupai [I], Maupiti [I], Tetiaroa Atoll [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Takapoto Atoll [I], etc. [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I], Raivavae [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I], Malakal [I], Peleliu [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Alamagan [I], Sarigan [I], Anatahan [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Farallon de Medinilla [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Nomwin [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Losap [I], Satawan [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Enewetok [I], Kwajalein [I], Likiep [I], Majuro [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], Pearl and Hermes Reef [I], Lanai [I], French Frigate Shoals [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I], Niihau [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], Nebraska [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Minnesota [I], Iowa [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Indiana [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I]); Mexico [I]; Revillagigedos Isl. [I] (Isla Socorro [I]); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Anegada [I], Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I]); St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; N-Brazil [I] (Pará [I], Amazonas [I], Rondônia [I]); NE-Brazil [I] (Rio Grande do Norte [I], Paraíba [I], Bahia [I]); WC-Brazil [I] (Mato Grosso [I], Goiás [I], Brasilia Distrito Federal [I], Mato Grosso do Sul [I]); SE-Brazil [I] (Minas Gerais [I], Espírito Santo [I], São Paulo [I], Rio de Janeiro [I]); S-Brazil [I] (Paraná [I], Santa Catarina [I], Rio Grande do Sul [I]); Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I] (Buenos Aires [I], Catamarca [I], Chaco [I], Cordoba [I], Corrientes [I], Entre Rios [I], Formosa Prov. [I], Jujuy [I], La Pampa [I], La Rioja [I], Mendoza [I], Misiones [I], Neuquen [I], Rio Negro [I], Salta [I], Santiago del Estero [I], Santa Fe Prov. [I], San Luis Prov. [I], San Luis Prov. [I], Tucuman [I]); Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I]); Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 GRB 11 AUT bgm CZE ger HUN lux NET SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY lat RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 28 STH 29 AGA ALD cgs COM MAU MCI MDG REU ROD SEY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA 42 BOR cki JAW LSI MLY MOL nwg PHI SUL xms 43 BIS SOL 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ker nzl 60 asa fij gil nru nue nwc oce phx rot sam tok ton tuv van 61 aui coo eas lin mrq pit sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 71 cdn 72 spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex rgi 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba aru bah bbd bon cay cub cur dom gdl gre his jam mar mts pue ste stk stl stm stv tci trt ven vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle par uru 91 tdc
Remarks: delimitation of native area uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis bermudiana Tussac ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 259 (1833) [nom. inval.]
= Agrostis filiformis J.Koenig ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 261 (1833), pro syn.
= Agrostis linearis Retz.; Observ. Bot. 4: 19 (1786)
= Agrostis stellata Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 1: 376 (1797)
= Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 764 (1891)
= Chloris cynodon Trin.; Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 229 (1824) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Chloris paytensis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 207 (1854)
= Cynodon aristiglumis Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 236 (1969)
= Cynodon aristulatus Caro & E.Sánchez; Darwiniana 17: 514 (1972)
= Cynodon barberi f. longifolia Join; Indian Forester 92: 699 (1966)
= Cynodon dactylon f. glabrescens (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972), nom. inval.
= Cynodon dactylon f. major (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Cynodon dactylon f. villosus (Regel) Roshev.; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 285 (1934)
= Cynodon dactylon f. viviparus Beetle; Phytologia 48: 189 (1981)
= Cynodon dactylon septentrionalis Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 85 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon subsp. glabratus (Steud.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 282 (1947)
= Cynodon dactylon subvar. hirsutissima Litard. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4(1): 25 (1924)
= Cynodon dactylon var. aridus J.R.Harlan & de Wet; Crop Sci.(Madison) 9: 774 (1969)
= Cynodon dactylon var. densus Hurcombe; J. S. African Bot. 13: 107 (1947)
= Cynodon dactylon var. elegans Rendle; W. P. Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 221 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon var. glabratus (Steud.) Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 26: 82 (1919)
= Cynodon dactylon var. hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 368 (1939)
= Cynodon dactylon var. pusillus Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805)
= Cynodon dactylon var. septentrionalis Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 85 (1899)
= Cynodon dactylon var. stellatus (Willd.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 463 (1840)
= Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 1: 91 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Cynodon dactylon var. villosus Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 305 (1869)
= Cynodon decipiens Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 262 (1969)
= Cynodon erectus J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 290 (1830)
= Cynodon glabratus Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 212 (1854)
= Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 258 (1969), pro syn.
= Cynodon hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 220 (1969)
= Cynodon iraquensis Caro; Dominguezia 6: 5 (1983)
= Cynodon linearis (Retz.) Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 90 (1809)
= Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot (ed. 2) 1: 463 (1840) [nom. inval.]
= Cynodon pascuus Nees; Mart., Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 425 (1829)
= Cynodon polevansii Stent; Bothalia 2: 278, 283 (1927)
= Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot (ed. 2) 1: 463 (1940) [nom. inval., as syn. of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]
= Cynodon repens Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 76 (1867), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Cynodon sarmentosus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 100 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Cynodon scabrifolius Caro; Dominguezia 6: 13 (1983)
= Cynodon stellatus (Willd.) Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 90 (1809)
= Cynodon tenuis Trin. ex Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 63 (1821)
= Cynodon umbellatus (Lam.) Caro; Dominguezia 6, f. 4: 16 (1983)
= Cynosurus dactylon (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805)
= Cynosurus uniflorus Walter; Fl. Carol.: 82 (1788)
= Dactilon officinale Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 69 (1787), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Dactylus officinalis Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 810 (1864), pro syn.
= Digitaria dactylon (L.) All.; 238 (1785)
= Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 52 (1771)
= Digitaria glumipatula (Steud.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 439 (1857)
= Digitaria linearis (Retz.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., 1: 271 (1825)
= Digitaria littoralis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 19 (1796) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Digitaria stolonifera Schrad.; Fl. Germ. 1: 165 (1806) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Fibichia dactylon (L.) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 15: 26 (1903)
= Fibichia umbellata f. glabrescens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata f. major Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 308 (1802), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Fibichia umbellata var. glabrescens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 76 (1890)
= Fibichia umbellata var. major Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 76 (1890)
= Milium dactylon (L.) Moench; Meth. Suppl. 67 (1802)
= Panicum dactylon L.; Sp. Pl. 58 (1753)
= Panicum glumipatulum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 41 (1853)
= Panicum lineare L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 85 (1762)
= Panicum sanguinale var. ambiguum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 131 (1813)
= Paspalum ambiguum DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 16 (1805), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Paspalum dactylon (L.) DC.; 16 (1805), isonym
= Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176 (1791)
= Paspalum umbellatum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 177 (1791)
= Phleum dactylon (L.) Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 4: 681 (1775)
= Syntherisma linearis (L.) Nash; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 420 (1895)
= Vilfa linearis (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 16 (1812)
= Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 16 (1812)
variant :
var. biflorus Merino; Fl. Galicia 3: 310 (1909)
Distribution: Europe; China (Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang); Taiwan; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Tucuman)
36 CHI 38 TAI 84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Fibichia umbellata var. biflora (Merr.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 76 (1890)
variant :
var. longiglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 210, f. 2G (1969)
Distribution: Hispaniola [I]; Antigua [I]; Barbuda [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Grenada [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Paraguay (Itapua); Uruguay (Maldonado, Montevideo, Salto); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
81 aba gdl gre his trt 85 ARG PAR URU
variant :
var. nipponicus Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 264 (1941)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon dactylon subsp. nipponicus (Ohwi) T.Koyama; Grasses of Japan & Neighbour. Regions: 498 (1987)
variant :
var. parviglumis (Ohwi) Fosberg & Sachet; Micronesica 18(2): 45 (1982 publ. 1984)
Distribution: Palau (Koror); Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Anatahan); Northern Marianas (Saipan, Rota); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
62 MIC MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon parviglumis Ohwi; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 538 (1941)
variant :
var. pilosus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 210 (1969)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Formosa, La Pampa, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Juan)
84 BRA 85 ARG
variant :
var. pulchellus Benth.; Fl. Austral. 7: 609 (1878)
Distribution: Australia (Victoria, SE-South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon dactylon var. distachyus F.Muell. ex Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 281 (1921)
species :
Cynodon distichioides Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 254 (1969)
Distribution: Uruguay (Canelones, Maldonado, Montevideo)
85 URU
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
species :
Cynodon hirsutus Stent; Bothalia 2: 227, 286 (1927)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Australia [I] (E-New South Wales [I]); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
27 LES SAF SWZ 50 aus 85 ARG
Remarks: often included in C. incompletus
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon incompletus var. hirsutus (Stent) de Wet & Harlan; Crop Sci.(Madison) 10: 291 (1970)
variant :
var. sesquiflorus Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 17(3): 216, f. 14 (1950)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires)
85 ARG
species :
Cynodon incompletus Nees; Linnaea 7: 301 (1832)
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; South Africa (North-West Prov., Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Australia [I] (SE-Queensland [I], E-New South Wales [I])
26 ANG ZIM 27 SAF 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Capriola incompleta (Nees) Skeels; Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U. S. D. A. 205: 14 (1911)
= Cynodon notatus Nees; Linnaea 7: 302 (1832)
species :
Cynodon laeviglumis Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 217 (1969)
Distribution: Argentina (La Pampa)
85 ARG
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
species :
Cynodon maritimus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 170 (1816)
Distribution: Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Tinian [I]); Peru; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay; Argentina (Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Rio Negro, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
62 mrn plu 83 PER 84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
Synonyms: hidden
= Capriola dactylon var. maritima (Kunth) Hitchc.; Bull. U. S. D. A. 772: 179 (1920)
= Chloris maritima Trin.; Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl.: 236 (1824)
= Chloris maritimus (Kunth) Trin.; Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 235 (1824)
= Cynodon dactylon var. maritimus (Kunth) Hack.; Ark. Bot. 8(8): 40 (1909)
= Digitaria maritima (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 272 (1824)
variant :
var. breviglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 234, f. 9A (1969)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires)
85 ARG
variant :
var. grandispiculis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 234, f. 2A-C,E-F (1969)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Maldonado, Montevideo, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 258 (1969)
variant :
var. vaginiflorus Caro; Dominguezia 6: 20 (1983)
Distribution: Argentina (Cordoba)
85 ARG
species :
Cynodon mucronatus Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 239 (1969)
Distribution: Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Misiones)
81 cub pue 84 BRA 85 ARG
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
species :
Cynodon nitidus Caro & Sanchez; Darwiniana. 17: 510 (1972)
Distribution: Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá)
85 CLE
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
species :
Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst; Bull. Agric D.R.Congo [Zaire] 11: 121 (1920)
Name: African Bermudagrass, Estrella africana (Dominican Republic), Yerba de estrella (Dominican Republic)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Benin; Nigeria; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad [I]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique [I]; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov.); Thailand [I]; Philippines [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], S-Northern Territory [I], SE-South Australia [I]); Hawaii [I] (Molokai [I], West Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Texas [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I] (Tucuman [I])
11 ger 22 BEN NGA 23 ZAI 24 cha ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG moz ZIM 27 SAF 41 tha 42 phi 50 aus 63 haw 77 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els hon nic 81 cay cub his pue 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu 84 bra 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 23: 185 (1956), nom. illeg., non Pers.
= Cynodon parodii Caro & E.Sánchez; Kurtziana 5: 193 (1969)
variant :
var. robustus Clayton & J.R.Harlan; Kew Bull. 24: 189 (1970)
Distribution: Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe [I]; Australia [I] (SE-Queensland [I]); Puerto Rico [I]
22 GHA ivo 23 ZAI 24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW ZAM zim 50 aus 81 pue
species :
Cynodon pedicellatus Caro; Dominguezia 6: 9 (1983)
Distribution: Uruguay (Montevideo)
85 URU
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. dactylon s. l.
species :
Cynodon plectostachyus (K.Schum.) Pilg.; Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 40: 82 (1907)
Name: Stargrass
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; N-Chad (Tibesti); Ethiopia; Uganda; Uganda [I]; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Madagascar [I]; S-India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Mexico [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]
23 ZAI 24 CHA ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 zam zim 29 mdg 40 ban ind 76 usa 79 mex 80 hon 81 cub his 85 arg par
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon plectostachyus var. ruspolianus (Chiov.) Chiov.; Webbia 8: 111 (1951)
= Cynodon ruspolianus Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 70, t. 7 (1897)
= Leptochloa plectostachya K.Schum.; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C.: 112 (1895)
species :
Cynodon poissonii (A.Camus) Bosser; Adansonia, n. s. 6: 248 (1966)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: often not recognized and included in C. transvaalensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon transvaalensis subsp. poissonii A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 105: 245 (1958)
species :
Cynodon radiatus Roth ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. 2: 411 (1817)
Distribution: Madagascar; China (Guangdong, Hainan); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Selangor); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Mindanao); Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Australia (N-Northern Territory)
29 MDG 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND MYA THA VIE 42 cki LSI MLY MOL PHI SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynodon arcuatus J.Presl; C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 290 (1829)
= Cynodon dactylon subsp. arcuatus (J.Presl) J.Kern & Henty; Bot. Bull. (Lae) 1: 57 (1969)
= Cynodon dactylon var. arcuatus (J.Presl) J.Kern ex Henty; Bot. Bull. Dept. Forests Papua New Guinea 1: 57 (1969)
= Cynodon dactylon var. intermedius (Rang. & Tadul.) C.E.C.Fisch.; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1835 (1934)
= Cynodon intermedius Rang. & Tadul.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist Soc. 26: 301 (1918)
= Cynodon leptochloides Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 423 (1854)
= Digitaria radiata (Roem. & Schult.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 272 (1825)
species :
Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 281 (1921)
Name: African dogstooth grass
Distribution: Egypt [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; South Sudan [I]; Ethiopia [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Madagascar; Iran (SW-Iran [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Iowa [I], Nebraska [I], Texas [I]); Puerto Rico [I]; Ecuador [I]
20 egy 23 zai 24 eth ssu 25 ken tan uga 26 zim 27 LES SAF 29 MDG 34 IRN 50 aus 74 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 pue 83 ecu
species :
Cynodon ×magennisii Hurcombe; J. S. African Bot. 13: 109 (1947)
Distribution: South Africa; etc.
27 SAF
Remarks: Cynodon dactylon x transvaalensis
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


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