174.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.

ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)

Species listed in database: 12074; hybrids: 386

= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)

= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)

= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)

= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)

= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)

= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)

= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)

= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)

= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)

= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)

= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)

= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)

= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)

= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)

= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)

= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)

= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)

= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)

= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)

= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)

= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)

= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.

= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)

= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)

= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)

= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)

= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)

= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)

= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)

= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)

= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)

= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)

= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)

= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)

= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)

= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)

= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)

= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)

= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)

= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)

= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)

= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)

= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)

= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)

174.4894 Genus Festuca Tourn. ex L.; Sp. Pl.: 73 (1753) (s. lat.)

Distribution: Worldwide, but mostly Europe. Taxonomy very complicated due to many microtaxa involved.

Species listed in database: 643; hybrids: 38

= Amphigenes Janka; Linnaea 30: 619 (1860)

= Anatherum Nábelek; Spisy Prir. Fak. Masary Univ. 111: 10 (1929) nec P. Beauv. (1812)

= Argillochloa W.A.Weber; Phytologia 55: 1 (1984)

= Asprella Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 17 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Catapodium Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 380, 44 (1827)

= Chloamnia Raf.; Neogenyt. 4 (1825)

= Ctenopsis De Not.; Index Seminum (G, Genevensis) 1847: 325 (1847)

= Dasiola Raf.; Neogenyt. 4 (1825)

= Dielsiochloa Pilg.; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 73: 99 (1943)

= Distomomischus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 91 (1867)

= Gramen E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 331 (1914), nom. illeg.

= Helleria E.Fourn.; Mex. Pl. 2: 128 (1886) [non Nees & Mart. (1824)]

= Hellerochloa Rauschert; Taxon 31: 561 (1982)

= Hesperochloa (Piper) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 39: 106 (1912)

= Leiopoa Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 66 (1932)

= Lojaconoa Gand.; Fl. Europ. 25: 341 (1891)

= Loliolum V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 544, 766 (1934)

= Loretia Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 2: 38 (1880)

= Megalachne Steud.; Flora 33: 229 (1850), nomen, et Syn. Pl. Glumac. 237 (1855)

= Micropyrum (Gaudin) Link; Linnaea 17: 397 (1843)

= Mygalurus Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 92 (1821)

= Nabelekia Roshev; Zlaki 254 (1937) (1 sp. Turkey)

= Narduretia Villar; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 16: 100 (1925)

= Narduroides Rouy; Fl. France 14: 301 (1913)

= Nardurus (Bluff, Nees & Schauer) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 19, in obs. (1830), et Nom. 39 (1841)

= Pantathera Phil.; Bot. Zeit. 14: 649 (1856)

= Patzkea G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Podophorus Phil.; Bot. Zeit. 14: 648 (1856)

= Prosphysis Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 67 (1867), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Psilurus Trin.; Fund. Agrost. 93 (1820)

= Sclerochloa Rchb.; Ic. Fl. Germ. 11: 23. t. 58 (1834)

= Stenofestuca (Honda) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 6 (1950)

= Synaphe Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 90 (1867)

= Tragus Panz.; Denkschr. Akad. Muench. 1813 (1814) 296

= Vulpia C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 8 (1805)

= Wangenheimia Moench; Meth. 200 (1794)

= Wasatchia M.E.Jones; Contrib. West. Bot. 14: 16 (1912)

= Zerna Panz.; Ideen Rev. Gräser: 46, 59 (1813), nom. illeg. superfl.

species :

Festuca abyssinica A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 432 (1850)

Distribution: S-Libya (Tibesti); Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan (incl. Jbel Marra); Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique

20 LBY 23 BIO CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca abyssinica f. aristulata St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 84 (1929)

= Festuca abyssinica var. acuta Rendle; W. P. Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 225 (1899)

= Festuca abyssinica var. intermedia St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

= Festuca abyssinica var. keniana St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

= Festuca abyssinica var. schimperiana (A.Rich.) St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

= Festuca gelida Chiov.; Ann. Bot., Roma 6: 148 (1907)

= Festuca restituta Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 314 (1854), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca rigidula Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 314 (1854)

= Festuca schimperiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 433 (1850) [Bonne espece selon E. B. Alexeev]

= Festuca tibestica Miré & Quézel; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 106: 138 (1959)

= Koeleria afromontana Jacq.-Fél.; Gram. Afr. Trop.: 186 (1962), nom. nud.

species :

Festuca acamptophylla (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1113 (1986)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca abyssinica subsp. acamptophylla St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

= Festuca abyssinica f. intermedia St.-Yves; (1929) non Festuca abyssinica var. intermedia St.-Yves

species :

Festuca acanthophylla É.Desv.; Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 434 (1853)

Distribution: Peru; Argentina (Jujuy, Mendoza, Neuquen, San Juan, San Luis); Chile (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)

83 PER 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca acanthophylla f. vivipara St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 190 (1927) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca acuta Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 175 (1896)

= Festuca barrazae Muñoz; Agric. Técn. 8: 82 (1948)

= Festuca berteroniana Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 311 (1854)

= Festuca coiron Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 312 (1854), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca commersonii var. vivipara Macloskie; Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, Botany 8(5): 234 (1903) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca desvauxii Phil.; Linnaea 33: 1861 (1865) 295

= Festuca desvauxii var. ampla St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 298 (1927)

= Festuca neuquenensis St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 298 (1927)

= Festuca robusta Phil.; Linnaea 29: 99 (1857) [nom. illeg., non Mutel 1837]

= Festuca thermarum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 2: 385 (1862)

= Festuca tunicata É.Desv.; Gay. Fl. Chil. 6: 434 (1853)

= Festuca tunicata f. scabra St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 184 (1927)

variant :

var. scabriuscula (Phil.) J.C.Ospina, Aliscioni & S.Denham; Phytotaxa 223(1): 11 (2015)

Distribution: Easter Isl.; Bolivia (La Paz); Argentina (Neuquen, Rio Negro); Chile (Antofagasta, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios)

61 EAS 83 BOL 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca asperata Phil.; Linnaea 33: 296 (1864)

= Festuca cabrerae Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 200 (1953)

= Festuca morenensis Matthei; Gayana, Bot. 37: 54, f. 6A, 24A (1982)

= Festuca neuquenensis var. aspera St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 300 (1927)

= Festuca pascua Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 176 (1896)

= Festuca robusta var. scabriuscula (Phil.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 187 (1927)

= Festuca scabriuscula Phil.; Linnaea 29: 1857 (1858) 98

= Festuca steudelii Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 177 (1896)

species :

Festuca achtarovii Velchev & P.Vassil.; Phytol. Balcan. 8(2): 185 (2002)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca actae Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 335 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca novae-zealandiae var. grandiflora St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 298 (1931)

= Festuca ovina f. tenuifolia Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 71 (1928), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. grandiflora Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 66 (1928), nom. illeg.

= Festuca petriei f. tenuifolia Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 71 (1928)

species :

Festuca acuminata Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 272 (1811)

Distribution: SW-Switzerland; SE-France; NW-Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pumila var. rigida Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 882 (1869)

= Festuca varia f. acuminata (Gaudin) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1904: 32 (1904)

= Festuca varia subsp. acuminata (Gaudin) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 104 (1890)

= Festuca varia var. acuminata (Gaudin) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 417 (1855)

= Festuca varia var. acuminata Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 450 (1903)

= Festuca varia var. flavescens Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 826 (1882), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca adamovicii (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB NMA

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca adamovicii subsp. bistrae Micevski & Kostad.; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet. 14: 53 (1993)

= Festuca varia var. adamovicii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 131 (1924)

species :

Festuca adanensis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 201, t. 1, f. 9 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca afghanica Bor; Rech.f., Fl. Iran., Lief. 70, 76 (1970)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Kurram)

34 AFG 40 PAK

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. remota Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 619 (1884)

species :

Festuca aguana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1493 (1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Panama

79 MEX 80 GUA PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca panamica E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 67: (1290) 1982

species :

Festuca agustini Linding.; Abh. Gebiet Auslandsk., Hamb. 21: Reihe C, Naturw. 8: (Beitr. Veg. u. Fl. Kanar. Ins.) 298 (1926)

Name: Agustins Schwingel (DE); Cerillo de risco (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca filiformis C.Sm. ex Link; Buch, Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins.: 139 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Festuca linkiana Litard.; Candollea 10: 116 (1945), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca teneriffae Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53: 35 (1903), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca airoides Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 464 (1788)

Name: Kleiner Schwingel, Sudeten-Schwingel, Kleiner Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France (Massif Central, Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg., supina group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca montis-aurei Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 696 (1800)

= Festuca ovina subsp. airoides (Lam.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 351 (2001)

species :

Festuca akhanii Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(4): 118 (1997)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Festuca alaica Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 16: 134 (1916)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; N-Iran; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan); N-Pakistan; India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca bornmuelleri (Hack.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; V. L. Kom. (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 510 (1934)

= Festuca kotschyi (Hack. ex Boiss.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 1: 287 (1939)

= Festuca ovina subsp. bornmuelleri Hack.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 71 (1906)

= Festuca ovina subsp. kotschyi Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 619 (1884)

species :

Festuca alatavica (St.-Yves) Roshev.; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 528 (1934)

Distribution: E-Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Nanga Parbat); India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. alatavica St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 393 (1928)

= Festuca tianschanica Roshev.; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 526, 772 (1934)

species :

Festuca albaredae (Paunero) comb.ined.

Distribution: Portugal; W- & C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: needs probably a new name

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca patens (Brot.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 110 (1890), nom. illeg., non (Boiss.) Steud.

= Brachypodium patens (Brot.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 425 (1855)

= Catapodium patens (Brot.) Rothm. & P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 1: 248 (1939)

= Micropyrum albaredae Paunero; Trab. & Com. Simpos. 5: Fl. Eur. 20-30 Mayo, 326 [1967](1969)

= Micropyrum patens (Brot.) Rothm. ex Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 567 (1949)

= Micropyrum tenellum subsp. patens (Brot.) Rivas Mart.; Lagascalia, 15(Extra): 117 (1988)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. maximus Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 115 (1861)

= Nardurus patens (Brot.) Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gramin. Portugal: 31 (1880)

= Triticum patens Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 120 (1804)

species :

Festuca albensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 25 (2008)

Name: Elbe-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz); Czech Republic

11 CZE GER

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tomanii Korneck & T.Gregor; Kochia 9: 38 (2015)

species :

Festuca albifolia Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1926(3): 2 (1936)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Sayan, Khakassia); Mongolia

30 SIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca lenensis subsp. albiflora (Reverd.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1254 (1971)

species :

Festuca albomontana Aykurt, Cingay, Sümbül & Cabi; Acta Bot. Croat. 81(1): 66 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Festuca alexeenkoi E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 78(3): 104 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

species :

Festuca alfrediana Foggi & Signorini; Parlatorea 2: 130 (1997), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. alfrediana

Distribution: Greece; etc.

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alpina subsp. briquetii (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 134 (1976)

= Festuca alpina var. briquetii (St.-Yves) Gamisans; Candollea 29: 48 (1974)

= Festuca ovina var. briquetii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 200 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. durmitorea D.Lakusic & Foggi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 170(4): 635 (2012)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

subspecies :

subsp. ferrariniana Foggi, Parolo & Rossi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 170(4): 635 (2012)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Festuca algeriensis Trab.; Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Alger. [Monoc.] (1895) 212

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca algeriensis var. battandieri St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 22 (1922), nom. inval.

= Festuca algeriensis var. lamprophylla (Trab.) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 22 (1922)

= Festuca lamprophylla Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 1 (1889)

species :

Festuca aloha Catalán, Soreng & P.M.Peterson; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(1): 51 (2009)

Distribution: Hawaii

63 HAW

species :

Festuca alopecuros Schousb.; Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko: 40 (1800)

Name: Fuchsschwanz-Federschwingel (DE); Grenita iberica (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S- & W-Portugal; S-Spain; Gibraltar; ?Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Gran Canaria)

11 ger 12 GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus barbatus Savi; Bot. Etrusc. 2: 61 (1815)

= Festuca alopecuroides Ten.; Fl. Napol. 4: 16 (1830)

= Festuca alopecuros var. ciliata (Link) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 130 (1912)

= Festuca alopecuros var. glabrata (Lange) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 864 (1931)

= Festuca alopecuros var. lanata (Boiss.) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 76 (1931)

= Festuca alopecuros var. silvatica (Boiss.) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 864 (1931)

= Festuca barbata Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 63 (1802), nom. illeg., non L.

= Festuca ciliata Link; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 315 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Festuca gibraltarica Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca pubescens Zea ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 728 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Festuca savii Ten.; Fl. Napol. 4: 15 (1830)

= Mygalurus alopecuroides Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 92 (1821)

= Vulpia alopecuros (Schousb.) Dumort.; Obs. Gram. Belg. 100 (1824)

= Vulpia alopecuros f. glabra H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 26 (1932)

= Vulpia alopecuros subsp. fibrosa H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 26 (1932)

= Vulpia alopecuros subsp. schousboei H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 26 (1932), nom. inval.

= Vulpia alopecuros var. glabrata Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan.: 50 (1860)

= Vulpia alopecuros var. lanata Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 670 (1844)

= Vulpia alopecuros var. oranensis Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 222 (1895)

= Vulpia alopecuros var. silvatica Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 670 (1844)

= Vulpia fibrosa (H.Lindb.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 9: 1249 (1938)

= Vulpia schousboei H.Lindb.; Itin. Medit.: 26 (1932)

species :

Festuca alpestris Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 722 (1817)

Distribution: NE-Italy; Slovenia

13 ITA SLV

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. alpestris (Roem. & Schult.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 171 (1882)

= Festuca varia var. alpestris (Roem. & Schult.) Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 7, 1(8): 46 (1886)

species :

Festuca alpina Suter; Fl. Helv. 1: 55 (1802)

Name: Alpen-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alpina subsp. riverae Chas, Kerguélen & Plonka; Lejeunia, n.s., 142: 3 (1993)

= Festuca alpina var. gaucheri (St.-Yves) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 151 (1975)

= Festuca alpina var. subviolacea Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 879 (1869)

= Festuca alpina var. suteri St.-Yves; Litard., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 202 (1922), nom. inval.

= Festuca alpina var. viridis Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 879 (1869)

= Festuca micevskiana Kostad.; Godisen Zborn., Biol. 55-56: 12 (2002-2003 publ. 2005)

= Festuca ovina subsp. alpina (Suter) Ces.; Car. Catt., 320 (1844), isonym

= Festuca ovina subsp. alpina (Suter) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 116 (1882), isonym

= Festuca ovina subsp. alpina (Suter) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1838)

= Festuca ovina subvar. gaucheri (St.-Yves) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 293 (1923)

= Festuca ovina var. alpina (Suter) Clairv.; 24 (1811)

= Festuca ovina var. gaucheri St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 201 (1922)

= Festuca ovina var. pallida Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.

= Festuca ovina var. suteri St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 201 (1922), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca sudetica Kitt.; 97 (1844), nom. inval.

= Poa ovina var. alpina (Suter) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 84 (1827)

species :

Festuca altaica Trin.; Fl. Altaic. 1: 108 (1829)

Name: Altai fescue

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Hazara, Baltistan, Gilgit); NW-India (Dras); Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (Yukon, N.W.T., British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, N-Québec, Labrador, Newfoundland, Gaspe peninsula)

30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duthiei Hack. ex Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 352 (1896)

species :

Festuca ambigua Le Gall; Fl. Morbihan: 731 (1852)

Distribution: S-England; Belgium; Germany [I]; Spain; NW-France; Channel Isl.; Morocco

10 GRB 11 BGM ger 12 CIS FRA SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ciliata subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) J.-M.Tison; Evaxiana 8: 224 (2021)

= Festuca danthonii var. ambigua (Le Gall) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 551 (1901)

= Festuca myuros subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Syme; Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 11: 143 (1873)

= Vulpia ambigua (Le Gall) More; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 190 (1861)

= Vulpia ciliata subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 384 (1978)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 820 (1882)

species :

Festuca amblyodes V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 529, 771 (1934)

Distribution: E-Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Qinghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amblyodes subsp. erectiflora (Pavlov) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

= Festuca erectiflora Pavlov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 47: 79 (1938)

species :

Festuca amethystina L.; Sp. Pl. 74 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. amethystina

Name: Amethyst-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Turkey

11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL CRO ITA ROM SLV 14 UKR 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aliena Spreng.; Syst. Veg., 1: 356 (1825)

= Festuca amethystina f. glabrescens Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 213 (1930)

= Festuca amethystina f. subglabra Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17 1 1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972). nom. nov.

= Festuca austriaca Hack.; Oesterr. Bol. Zeitschr. 28: 349 (1878)

= Festuca balansae E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 97 (1978)

= Festuca caerulans Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 789 (1866)

= Festuca heterophylla var. mutica Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 75 (1859)

= Festuca mutica Schleich. ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 123 (1882), pro syn.

= Festuca ovina subsp. amethystina (L.) F.Herm.; 70 (1912)

= Festuca ovina var. amethystina (L.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 488 (1900), nom. illeg.

= Festuca tenuifolia var. mutica DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 264 (1815)

= Festuca valesiaca Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 27 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Festuca violacea var. mutica Kumm. & Sendtn.; Flora 32: 756 (1849)

= Poa capillata Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 27 (1821), nom. illeg. superfl.

variant :

var. turcica Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 205 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. kummeri (Beck) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; W-Bulgaria; Greece

13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystina var. kummeri Beck; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Hercegovina 9: 449 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. orientalis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 214 (1930)

Distribution: Romania; ?European Russia; Ukraine

13 ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca inarmata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 177 (1859)

= Festuca amethystina subsp. inarmata (Schur) Krajina

subspecies :

subsp. ritschlii (Sprib.) Lemke ex Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

Name: Ritschl-Amethyst-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Czech Republic; Slovakia

11 CZE GER SLO

Remarks: highly threatened in the whole distribution area

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystina subsp. ritschlii (Sprib.) Lemke; Rothm., 43 (1963), nom. inval.

= Festuca amethystina var. ritschlii Hack.; Naturwiss. Verein Prov. Posen Z. Bot. Abt. 2: 48 (1895)

= Festuca amethystina var. ritschlii Sprib.; Naturwiss. Verein Prov. Posen Z. Bot. Abt. 2: 48 (1895)

= Festuca duriuscula var. nemoralis Ritschl; 276 (1850)

= Festuca ritschlii (Sprib.) Patzke & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010)

species :

Festuca ammobia Pavlick; Phytologia 82(2): 77 (1997), nom. nov.

Name: Sand fescue

Distribution: Canada (Vancouver Isl., New Brunswick); USA (Maine)

71 CDN 72 CDN 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. arenicola E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 87(2): 115 (1982)

species :

Festuca ampla Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gram. Port. 26 (1880)

Distribution: Portugal; C- & S-Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ampla subsp. simplex (Pérez Lara) Devesa; Lagascalia 14(1): 164 (1986)

= Festuca ampla subsp. transtagana (Hack.) Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot., II 54: 90 (1980)

= Festuca ampla var. dolosa St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 121 (1924)

= Festuca ampla var. effusa St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 121 (1924)

= Festuca boissieri Amo; Mem. Acad. Cienc Madrid 5: 397 (1861)

= Festuca discreta F.M.Vázquez; Folia Bot. Extremadur. 10: 66 (2016)

= Festuca duriuscula var. effusa Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 124 (1877)

= Festuca ovina subsp. transtagana Hack.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 20: 183 (1905)

= Festuca scaberrima var. simplex Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15: 413 (1886)

species :

Festuca amplissima Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9(2): 236 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. amplissima

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

79 MEX 80 COS GUA NIC PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca fratercula Rupr. ex E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2: 124 (1886)

= Festuca fratercula Rupr. ex Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9(2): 236 (1842)

= Uniola effusa E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2: 122 (1886)

= Uniola muelleri E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2: 122 (1886)

subspecies :

subsp. magdalenaensis Stancík; Preslia 75(4): 341 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela (Zulia)

82 CLM VEN

species :

Festuca amurensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 85(4): 87 (1980)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk)

31 RFE

species :

Festuca anatolica Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 202 (1981)

subspecies :

subsp. anatolica

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. borealis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 202 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Festuca ancachsana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 89(4): 115 (1984), nom. nov.

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca distichovaginata f. apogama St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 221 (1927)

species :

Festuca andicola Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 153 (1816)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca racemosa Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 352 (1825), pro syn.

species :

Festuca anomala Hochst.; Flora 38: 330 (1855)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

Remarks: Status uncertain

species :

Festuca antucensis (Trin.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3): 304 (1854)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chubut, La Pampa, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca eriolepis É.Desv.; Fl. Chil. 6: 428 (1853)

= Festuca eriolepis var. nana Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. Republ. Argent. 4: 374 (1881)

= Festuca muralis f. pygmaea Hack. ex Dusén; [nom. nud.]

= Vulpia antucensis Trin.; Lilnnaea 10(3): 303 (1836)

= Vulpia australis var. nana (Hieron.) Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 23: 82, f. 1-B (1956)

= Vulpia eriolepis (É.Desv.) Blom; Acta Hort. Gothoburg. (1934) 9: 153, 156

= Vulpia eriolepis (É.Desv.) Henrard; Blumea 2: 320 (1937), isonym

= Vulpia eriolepis f. glabrata Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 9: 156, f. 2 (1934)

= Vulpia eriolepis f. nana (Hieron.) Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 9: 159 (1934)

species :

Festuca apuanica Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 322 (1978)

Distribution: N-Italy (Alpi Apuane)

13 ITA

species :

Festuca aquisgranensis Patzke & G.Br.; Decheniana 143: 194 (1990), nom. nov. inval. for F. ophioliticola ssp. calaminaria Auquier, et Decheniana 146: 133 (1993), with correct basionym ref.

Distribution: NE-France; Belgium; +SE-Netherlands; W-Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)

11 BGM GER 12 FRA

Remarks: A heavy-metal taxon with uncertain status. Should it belong infraspecifically to F. medioeuropaea (F. guestfalica auct.) then the name aquisgranensis would take over for the whole species.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ophioliticola subsp. calaminaria Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47(1-2): 108 (1977)

= Festuca guestfalica subsp. calaminaria (Auquier) Dengler; Kieler Not. Pflanzenk. Schleswig-Holstein Hamburg 25-26: 9 (1997-1998 publ. 1998)

= Festuca kerguelenii var. calaminaria (Auquier) Boeuf; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 100 (2022)

species :

Festuca aragonensis (Willk.) Fuente & Ortuñez; Itinera Geobot. 10: 347 (1997)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Sa. de Moncayo)

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca indigesta subsp. aragonensis (Willk.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 158 (1975)

= Festuca indigesta var. aragonensis Willk.; M. Willkomm & J. M. C. Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 94 (1861)

= Festuca ovina subvar. aragonensis (Willk.) St.-Yves; Candollea 10: 126 (1945)

= Festuca ovina var. aragonensis (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 355 (2001)

species :

Festuca arduennensis Boeuf & J.-M.Tison; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 71 (2022)

Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; ?Germany (?Bayern, ?Rheinland-Pfalz); ?N-Switzerland

11 BGM LUX

Remarks: ovina agg., heteropachys group

species :

Festuca arenicola (Prodan) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 365 (1973)

Distribution: E-Romania; NE-Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea subsp. arenicola (Prodan) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 537 (1972)

= Festuca pallens subsp. arenicola Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5: 193 (1935)

= Festuca vaginata f. arenicola (Prodan) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

species :

Festuca argentina (Speg.) Parodi; Physis 11: 498 (1935)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Aisén)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cavillieri St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 192 (1927)

= Poa argentina Speg.; Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 3: 584 (1897)

species :

Festuca argentinensis (St.-Yves) Türpe; Darwiniana 15: 254 (1969)

Distribution: Bolivia (Potosí); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca scirpifolia var. argentinensis St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 138 (1932)

species :

Festuca arizonica Vasey; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 1(8): 277 (1893)

Name: Arizona fescue

Distribution: USA (E-California, Nevada, N-Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, W-Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Mexico State, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas); Venezuela (Merida)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca altaica subsp. arizonica (Vasey) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 267 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. arizonica (Vasey) Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 598 (1896)

= Festuca pinetorum Swallen; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 397 (1950)

= Festuca scabrella var. asperrima Hack. ex Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 601 (1896)

= Festuca scabrella var. vaseyana Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 605 (1896)

= Festuca vaseyana Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 601 (1896)

species :

Festuca armoricana Kerguélen; Lejeunia, n.s., 75: 9 (1975)

Distribution: NW-France; Channel Isl.

12 CIS FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Ferrary; Essai Hist. Nat. Départ. Côtes-du-Nord: 95 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. marina Mabille; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 25: 610 (1864)

= Festuca ophioliticola subsp. armoricana (Kerguélen) Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg., 47(1-2): 113 (1977)

species :

Festuca artvinensis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 202 (1981)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey

33 AZE GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dmitrievae A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 97(6): 98 (1993)

species :

Festuca arvernensis Auquier, Kerguélen & Markgr.-Dann.; Lejeunia nov. ser. 89:15 (1977)

Distribution: SC- & SW-France; USA [I] (California [I], New Mexico [I]); Mexico [I]

12 FRA 76 usa 77 usa 79 mex

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea var. glauca Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 395 (1960)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. glauca (Lam.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 79 (1946)

= Festuca duriuscula var. glauca (Lam.) Coss. & Germ.; 2: 651 (1845)

= Festuca glauca Lam.; Encycl. 2: 459 (1788) [non Vill.]

= Festuca glauca var. donacella Wallr.; Sched. Crit.: 33 (1822)

= Festuca glauca var. juncea Wallr.; Sched. Crit.: 33 (1822)

= Festuca involuta Moench ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 720 (1817), nom. inval.

= Festuca ovina subsp. glauca (P.Beauv.) Hack. ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 332 (1906), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina subvar. glauca (P.Beauv.) G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 620 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. glauca (P.Beauv.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1837)

= Schedonorus glaucus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

species :

Festuca asperella E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1496 (1981)

Distribution: C-Mexico

79 MEX

species :

Festuca asperula Vickery; Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 1: 12 (1939)

Distribution: Australia (S from Guyra, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Festuca asplundii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 89(4): 116 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Nariño, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz)

82 CLM 83 BOL ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sublimis f. vivipara St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 255 (1927)

species :

Festuca atlantica Duval-Jouve ex Clauson; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 484 (1859), in adnot.

subspecies :

subsp. atlantica

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

subspecies :

subsp. oxyphylla (Litard. & Maire) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 337 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca atlantica var. oxyphylla Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 54 (1926)

species :

Festuca auquieri Kerguélen; H. Coste, Fl. Descr. France, Suppl. 5: 544 (1979)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca auriculata Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 159 (1915)

Name: Eared fescue

Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye); Alaska; Canada (Yukon)

14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca auriculata subsp. chionobia (E.M.Egorova & Sipliv.) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 407 (1976)

= Festuca auriculata subsp. mollissima (V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

= Festuca auriculata var. trichophylla Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 129 (2010)

= Festuca chionobia T.V.Egorova & Sipliv.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 226 (1969 publ. 1970)

= Festuca mollissima V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 512, 770 (1934)

species :

Festuca australis Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 304 (1854)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, La Pampa, San Luis)

83 ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia australis (Nees ex Steud.) Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 9: 163 (1934)

= Vulpia australis (Nees) Henrard; Blumea 2: 319 (1937), in obs., isonym

= Vulpia eriolepis f. glabrata C.H.Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 9: 159 (1934)

species :

Festuca austrouralensis Kulikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 83(8): 111 (1998)

Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca austrovogesiaca Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 62 (2022), nom. nov.

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca csikhegyensis var. vogesiaca Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique 5: 20 (2019), nom. inval.

species :

Festuca azgarica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(3): 107 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Festuca azucarica E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1546 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca baetica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 103 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. baetica

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca baetica (Hack.) Hack. ex Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 514 (1900), isonym

= Festuca consobrina Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toul. 3: 130 (1869)

= Festuca paniculata subsp. baetica (Hack.) Emb. & Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 940 (1941)

= Festuca paniculata subsp. baetica (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

= Festuca paniculata subsp. consobrina (Timb.-Lagr.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76(4): 325 (1978)

= Festuca paniculata subvar. consobrina (Timb.-Lagr.) Litard.; Candollea 10: 111 (1945)

= Festuca paniculata var. baetica (Hack.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 157 (1955)

= Festuca spadicea proles consobrina (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 224 (1913)

= Festuca spadicea proles durandoi Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 224 (1913)

= Festuca spadicea subsp. consobrina (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 825 (1882)

= Festuca spadicea var. baetica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 167 (1882)

= Festuca spadicea var. cebennensis Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 505 (1910)

= Festuca spadicea var. consobrina (Timb.-Lagr.) Husn.; Graminées: 65 (1898), nom. illeg.

= Festuca spadicea var. durandoi P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 80 (1934)

= Festuca spadicea var. fallax Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 2: 755 (1876)

= Patzkea paniculata subsp. baetica (Hack.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

= Schedonorus consobrinus Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toul. 3: 130 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. moleroi (Cebolla, Lozano & Rivas Ponce) Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Lagascalia 15(2): 163 (1990)

Distribution: S- & E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca paniculata subsp. moleroi (Cebolla, Lozano & Rivas Ponce) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 33 (1991)

= Festuca paniculata var. moleroi Cebolla, Lozano & Rivas Ponce; Lagascalia 15(Extra): 408 (1988)

species :

Festuca baffinensis Polunin; Bot. Canad. East. Arct. 1. (Bull. Nat. Mus. Canada, No. 92, Biol. Ser. No. 24)91 (1940)

Name: Baffin fescue

Distribution: Svalbard; N-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Magadan); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Yukon, N.W.T., Nunavut, Canadian Arctic Isl., British Columbia, Alberta, N-Ontario, N-Québec, Gaspe peninsula); USA (Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado)

10 SVA 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brevifolia subvar. pubiculmis St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 254 (1925)

= Festuca brachyphylla var. pubiculmis (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 108 (1945)

species :

Festuca bajacaliforniana Gonz.-Led. & S.D.Koch; Novon 4(1): 28, f. 3 (1994)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca balcanica (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: Bulgaria (W- & C-Stara Planina, Rodopi)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca balcanica subsp. neicevii (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

= Festuca balcanica subsp. rhodopensis Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 324 (1978)

= Festuca cyllenica subsp. balcanica Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 47 (1953)

= Festuca xanthina subsp. neicevii Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 50 (1953)

species :

Festuca bargusinensis Malyschev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 296 (1970 publ. 1971)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca bauzanina (Pils) S.Arndt; Pl. Syst. Evol. 271(3-4): 135 (2008)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rupicola subsp. bauzanina (Pils) Kiem; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 58: 63 (1987)

= Festuca stricta subsp. bauzanina Pils; Phyton (Horn) 24: 61 (1984)

species :

Festuca beamanii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1500 (1981)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

species :

Festuca beckeri (Hack.) Trautv.; Acta Horti Petrop. 9: 325 (1884)

Name: Dünen-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt); Poland; European Turkey; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

10 DEN FIN SWE 11 GER POL 13 TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca beckeri subsp. laeviuscula (Klokov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 183 (2000)

= Festuca beckeri subsp. polesica (Zapal.) Tzvelev; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. SSSR. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 18: 15 (1970)

= Festuca beckeri subsp. sabulosa (Andersson) Tzvelev; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. SSSR. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 18: 14 (1970)

= Festuca beckeri var. baicalensis Vylzan; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 84: 22 (1967)

= Festuca laeviuscula Klokov; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 12: 56 (1950)

= Festuca ovina subsp. beckeri Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 100 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. litoralis Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 14: 141 (1887)

= Festuca ovina var. sabulosa Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 23 (1852)

= Festuca polesica f. denudata Holmb.; Bot. Not. 1926: 397 (1926)

= Festuca polesica Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie 1904: 303 (1904)

= Festuca quercetopinetorum Klokov; Vizn. Rosl. RSS Ucr.: 890 (1950), no Latin descr.

= Festuca sabulosa (Andersson) H.Lindb,; Sched. Pl. Finland. Exsicc. 23 (1906)

species :

Festuca benthamiana Vickery; Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 1: 13 (1939), cum descr. emend.

Distribution: Australia (South Australia: Flinders Range and near the Barossa Valley)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. aristata Benth.; Fl. Austral. 7: 664 (1878)

species :

Festuca bhutanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 117 (1978)

Distribution: Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca bidenticulata E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1496 (1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca bigoudenensis (Kerguélen & Plonka) Bouef; in prep.

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. bigoudenensis Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n.s., 19: 20 (1988)

species :

Festuca billyi Kerguélen & Plonka; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Bassin Médit. Bull. 23: 87 (1991)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

species :

Festuca boliviana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1243 (1985)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Tarija)

83 BOL

species :

Festuca borbonica Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 352 (1825)

Distribution: La Réunion

29 REU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca caespitosa Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., 1: 352 (1824), nom. inval.

species :

Festuca borderei (Hack.) Hack.; Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Échange Pl. 9: 384 (1882)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca borderei (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 97 (1890), isonym

= Festuca halleri var. borderei (Hack.) Gaut.; Cat. Fl. Pyrénées-orientales: 453 (1897)

= Festuca ovina subsp. borderei Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 113, 210, 212 (1882)

= Festuca singularis Bordère & Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: xxxvii (1891)

species :

Festuca boriana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 115 (1978)

Distribution: Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

40 BHU IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca borissii Reverd.; Sist. Zam. Mater. Gerb. Tomsk Gos. Univ. 83: 8 (1965)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan (Tarbagatai Mountains); Mongolia (Altai)

30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON

species :

Festuca bosniaca Kumm. & Sendtn.; Flora (Regensb.) 32: 756 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. bosniaca

Distribution: S-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; N-Albania

13 ALB CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia var. pungens Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 408 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. chlorantha (Beck) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: Montenegro; ?North Macedonia; N-Albania

13 ALB MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pungens f. albanica Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 99: 220 (1924)

= Festuca pungens var. chlorantha Beck; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Hercegovina 9: 451 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. pirinensis (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

Distribution: SW-Bulgaria (Pirin)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. pirinensis Acht.; Izv. Tsarsk. Prir. Inst. Sofiya 11: 71 (1938)

= Festuca pirinensis (Acht.) Acht.; Bull. Inst. Bot., Sofia 3: 42 (1953)

species :

Festuca boyacensis Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 128 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca brachyphylla Schult.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mantissa 2: 646 (1827)

subspecies :

subsp. brachyphylla

Name: Alpine fescue

Distribution: Svalbard; Sweden; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); E-Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (Yukon, N.W.T., Canadian Arctic Isl., Nunavut, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Labrador, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl.); USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico)

10 SVA SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla f. flavida Polunin; Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 92: 90 (1940)

= Festuca brachyphylla var. arctica (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 108 (1945)

= Festuca brachyphylla var. groenlandica Schol.; Skr. Svalbard Nordishavet 62: 72 (1934)

= Festuca brevifolia R.Br.; Chlor. Melvill. 31 (1823) [nom. illeg., non Muhl. 1817]

= Festuca brevifolia var. arctica St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 253 (1925)

= Festuca groenlandica (Schol.) Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 2: 533 (1983)

= Festuca jensenii Gjaerev. & Ryvarden; Kong. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 1977(4): 18 (1977 publ. 1978)

= Festuca jouldosensis D.M.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 98 (1978)

= Festuca ovina f. subspicata Lange; Meddel. Grønland 3: 302 (1887)

= Festuca ovina subsp. brachyphylla (Schult.) Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 27 (1906)

= Festuca ovina subsp. brevifolia (S.Watson) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 406 (1881)

= Festuca ovina subsp. purpusiana St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 277 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. borealis Lange; Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 179 (1880) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca ovina var. brachyphylla (Schult. & Schult.f.) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 27 (1906)

= Festuca ovina var. brevifolia S.Watson; Botany [Fortieth Parallel]: 389 (1871)

subspecies :

subsp. coloradensis Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 2(6): 529 (1983)

Name: Colorado fescue

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, California)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla subsp. breviculmis Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 2(6): 530 (1983)

= Festuca brachyphylla var. breviculmis (Fred.) Tiehm; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(1): 26 (2023)

species :

Festuca breistrofferi Chas, Kerguélen & Plonka; Lejeunia, n.s., 142: 9 (1993)

Distribution: SE-France (SW-Alps)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca breviglumis Swallen; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 398 (1950)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama

79 MEX 80 COS GUA PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus cernuus Swallen; Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 23: 26, f. 1 (1958)

species :

Festuca brevipaleata (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1113 (1986)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca camusiana f. intermedia St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 116 (1929)

= Festuca camusiana var. brevipaleata St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 18: 158 (1926)

species :

Festuca breviramea Enustsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 48: 49 (2017)

Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca brevis (Boiss. & Kotschy) Asch.; Schweinf. & Muschl., R. C. Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 138 (1912)

Distribution: Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (C-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)

20 EGY LBY 34 CYP ISR SIN SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca biaristata Ehrh. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 630 (1884), pro syn.

= Festuca inops (Hack.) Delile ex Asch. & Graebn.; Sitzungsber. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 22: 110 (1880), nom. illeg.

= Festuca inops var. spiralis Asch. & Graebn.; Sitzungsber. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 22: 110 (1880)

= Festuca inops var. subdisticha Asch. & Graebn.; Sitzungsber. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 22: 111 (1880)

= Festuca marmarica F.Herm.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 76: 30 (1936)

= Vulpia brevis Boiss. & Kotschy; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 139 (1859)

= Vulpia inops (Delile) Hack.; Flora 63: 476 (1880)

= Vulpia inops var. glabra Hack.; Flora 63: 476 (1880)

= Vulpia inops var. strigosa Hack.; Flora 63: 476 (1880)

= Vulpia inops var. subdisticha (Asch. & Graebn.) Barbey; Herb. Levant: 168 (1882)

species :

Festuca brevissima Jurtzev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57(6): 645 (1972)

Name: Alaska fescue (EN)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (Yukon, NW-N.W.T.); USA [I] (Oregon, Manitoba)

30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN 71 cdn 73 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla var. brevissima (Jurtzev) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 234 (1981)

= Festuca brevissima f. pallida (Holmen) Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 2(6): 531 (1983)

= Festuca brevissima subsp. contracta Jurtzev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(7): 1041 (1981)

= Festuca jurtzevii Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 125 (2010), nom. nov. for F. brevissima subsp. contracta Jurtzev

= Festuca ovina f. pallida Holmen; Bot. Not. 117: 115 (1964)

= Festuca ovina subsp. alascana Holmen; Bot. Not. 117: 114 (1964)

= Festuca ovina var. alascana (Holmen) S.L.Welsh; J. P. Anderson, Fl. Alaska: 576 (1974)

species :

Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

Distribution: NE-Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. brigantina Markgr.-Dann.; Agron. Lusit. 28: 69 (1967)

species :

Festuca bromoides L.; Sp. Pl. 75 (1753)

Name: Trespen-Federschwingel (DE); Brome fescue (EN); Barba de raton (ES)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Belarus; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cameroon; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Yemen (W-Yemen); Bhutan [I]; India [I] (Tamil Nadu [I]); Philippines [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Northern Territories [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Mexico [I]; Mexico [I]; Isla Guadalupe [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Bahamas [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]

10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR SEL 23 CMN 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN UGA 27 les saf 28 sth 29 mau MDG reu 33 AZE GEO 34 EAI LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 40 bhu ind 42 lsi phi 50 aus lhi nfk 51 auc ctm ker nzl 63 haw 70 cdn 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 glp mex 80 blz cos els gua hon 81 bah jam pue 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 fal tdc

Remarks: sometimes included as diploid subspecies into F. myuros

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus ambiguus Cirillo; Pl. Rar. Neapol. 1: 10 (1788)

= Bromus dertonensis All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 249 (1785)

= Distomomischus sciuroides (Roth) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 91 (1867)

= Distomomischus subuniglumis Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 92 (1867)

= Festuca brachypoda Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 68 (1928)

= Festuca bromoides var. altior Laterr.; Fl. Bordelaise, éd. 3: 117 (1829)

= Festuca bromoides var. ambigua (Cirillo) Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 85 (1843)

= Festuca bromoides var. nana Parn.; Grass. Scotland: 128 (1842)

= Festuca bromoides var. pseudomyuros Parn.; Grass. Britain: 246 (1845)

= Festuca bromoides var. sciuroides (Roth) DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 55 (1805)

= Festuca bromoides var. sciuroides (Roth) Jess.; 563 (1879), isonym

= Festuca bromoides var. tenella Hook.f.; Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 309 (1853)

= Festuca commutata Scheele; Flora 27: 62 (1844)

= Festuca dertonensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558 (1901)

= Festuca dertonensis var. gracilis (Lange) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 559 (1901)

= Festuca dertonensis var. sciuroides (Roth) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 161 (1910)

= Festuca geniculata var. monandra Döll; Mart., Fl. Bras. 2(3): 113 (1878)

= Festuca hordeiformis Wulfen ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 337 (1821), pro syn.

= Festuca myuros subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 365 (1894), isonym

= Festuca myuros subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Hook.f.; 449 (1870)

= Festuca myuros subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 256 (1913), isonym

= Festuca myuros var. bromoides (L.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 83 (1827)

= Festuca myuros var. bromoides Petif; Cat. Pl. Palat.: 12 (1830)

= Festuca myuros var. dertonensis (All.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 1: 321 (1921)

= Festuca myuros var. rothii Noulet; Fl. Bass. Sous-Pyrén.: 710 (1837)

= Festuca myuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 174 (1855)

= Festuca myuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 776 (1891)

= Festuca myuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Syme ex Sowerby; Eng. Bot (ed. 3b) 11: 142 (1873)

= Festuca onurus Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 354 (1824), nom. inval.

= Festuca panormitana Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 886 (1844)

= Festuca pseudomyuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Légué; Cat. Pl. Canton Montdoubleau: 97 (1891)

= Festuca sciuroides Roth; Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 43 (1787)

= Festuca sciuroides var. hirta Döll; 152 (1855)

= Festuca sciuroides var. major St.-Amans; Fl. Agen.: 39 (1821)

= Festuca uniglumis Aiton; Hort. Kew. 1: 108 (1789), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca willemetii Savi; Cose Bot.: 53 (1832), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium bromoides (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 55 (1778)

= Mygalurus bromoides (L.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 92 (1821)

= Mygalurus uniglumis (Aiton) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 92 (1821)

= Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124 (1821)

= Vulpia bromoides f. gracilis (Lange) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Vulpia bromoides subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 101 (1824)

= Vulpia bromoides var. sciuroides (Roth) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola; Malpighia 18: 266 (1904)

= Vulpia dertonensis f. violacea Holmb.; Bot. Not. 1926: 184 (1926)

= Vulpia exserta St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., ed. 8. 2: 938 (1889), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Vulpia granulata Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 31 (1936)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. bromoides (L.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 419 (1850)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. dertonensis (All.) Bég.; Fl. Padov. 2(1): 163 (1910)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 256 (1913)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. sciuroides (Roth) Syme; Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 11: 142 (1873)

= Vulpia myuros var. dertonensis (All.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 142 (1923)

= Vulpia myuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 174 (1855)

= Vulpia myuros var. sciuroides (Roth) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15: 411 (1886)

= Vulpia panormitana Parl.; Fl. Palerm. 1: 188 (1845)

= Vulpia sciuroides (Roth) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 9 (1805)

= Vulpia sciuroides subsp. panormitana (Parl.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 820 (1882)

= Vulpia sciuroides var. gracilis Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, II 2: 50 (1861)

= Vulpia uniglumis (Aiton) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 101 (1824)

= Zerna bromoides (L.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1249 (1885)

species :

Festuca brunnescens (Tzvelev) Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 254 (1976)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brunnescens (Tzvelev) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 207 (1981), isonym

= Festuca rupicola subsp. brunnescens Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1255 (1971)

= Festuca sulcata var. brunnescens Hack. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 1: 288 (1939), no Latin descr.

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. brunnescens (Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 78(3): 109 (1973)

species :

Festuca bucegiensis Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

Distribution: Romania (S-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca burgundiana Auquier & Kerguélen; Lejeunia 89: 63 (1977)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca burmanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 116 (1978)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed

species :

Festuca burnatii St.-Yves; Annu. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genive 15/16: 347 (1913)

Distribution: NW-Spain (Cordillera Cantabrica, Montes de Léon)

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca bushiana (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia, Svaneti); NE-Turkey

33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. sommieri St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 371 (1928)

= Festuca rubra subsp. bushiana St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 16 (1932)

species :

Festuca caeruleosaxatilis (Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.) Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 63 (2022)

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. caeruleosaxatilis Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique 5: 21 (2019)

species :

Festuca cagiriensis Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toul. 3: 128 (1869)

Distribution: SC-France; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., often included in F. laevigata (curvula)

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea var. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 89(Sess. Extr.): 78 (1966)

= Festuca curvula subsp. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

= Festuca duriuscula var. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 214 (1913)

= Festuca ovina f. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 92 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 353 (2001)

= Festuca ovina var. cagiriensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Verg.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 111 (1928)

species :

Festuca cajamarcae Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 513 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca distichovaginata var. cajamarcae (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 222 (1927)

species :

Festuca calcarea Denchev; Willdenowia 34(1): 78 (2004), nom. illeg.

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Festuca caldasii (Kunth) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 132 (1829)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Nariño); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus caldasii Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 151 (1829)

= Bromus procerus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 150 (1816) [non Festuca procera Kunth 1816]

= Eragrostis quitensis Trin.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 70 (1836), pro syn.

= Festuca eminens Kunth; Revis. Gramin. 1: 132 (1829)

= Festuca quadridentata subsp. eminens (Kunth) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 266 (1927)

= Festuca quadridentata var. caldasii (Kunth) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 266 (1927)

= Festuca quitensis Willd. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 407 (1833), pro syn.

= Schedonorus caldasii (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 709 (1817)

= Schedonorus procerus (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 708 (1817)

species :

Festuca californica Vasey; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 277 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. californica

Name: California fescue

Distribution: USA (Oregon, California)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus kalmii var. aristulatus Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5

= Festuca altaica var. aristulata (Torr.) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 273 (1925)

= Festuca amethystina subvar. dasyphylla St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 262 (1925)

= Festuca aristulata (Torr.) Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 32 (1906)

subspecies :

subsp. hitchcockiana (E.B.Alexeev) Darbysh.; Sida 21(3): 1461 (2005)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca hitchcockiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 87(2): 111 (1982)

subspecies :

subsp. parishii (Piper) Darbysh.; Sida 21(3): 1461 (2005)

Name: Parish´s California fescue

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aristulata var. parishii Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 33 (1906)

= Festuca californica var. parishii (Piper) Hitchc.; Ill. Fl. Pacific States 1: 222 (1923)

= Festuca parishii Hitchc.; Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 169 (1912)

species :

Festuca callieri (Hack. ex St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 3: 278 (1933)

subspecies :

subsp. callieri

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Albania; E-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY 33 NCS 34 LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca callieri f. hirta (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 541 (1972)

= Festuca constantae Nyár. & Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Romîne, Sect. Biol. Sti Agric. 8: 70 (1957)

= Festuca ovina subvar. trojana Hack. ex St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 355 (1928)

= Festuca ovina var. callieri Hack. ex St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 347 (1928)

= Festuca pallens f. hirta A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 15: 122 (1964)

= Festuca valesiaca f. hirta (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 546 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. uralensis Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

Distribution: NE-European Russia (N-Urals)

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca uralensis (Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; B. yull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(5): 143 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. zederbaueri Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 207 (1981), nom. nov.

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. argaea Hack.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 20: 432 (1903)

species :

Festuca calligera (Piper) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 537 (1909)

Name: Southwest fescue

Distribution: USA (SW-Utah, NE-Arizona)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystina var. asperrima Hack. ex Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 601 (1896)

= Festuca ovina subsp. calligera Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 27 (1906)

species :

Festuca callosa (Piper) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 291 (1925)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rzedowskiana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1500 (1981

= Festuca ovina subsp. callosa Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 379 (1913)

species :

Festuca calva (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 104 (1890)

Distribution: Austria; N-Italy; Slovenia

11 AUT 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subvar. calva Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 174 (1882)

= Festuca varia var. calva Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 174 (1882)

species :

Festuca camerunensis E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(9): 1267 (1987)

Distribution: Cameroon

23 CMN

species :

Festuca camusiana St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, Ser. II. 18: 156 (1926)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus dissitiflorus Baker; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 301 (1884)

= Festuca dissitiflora Stapf ex St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, Ser. II. 18: 156, in syn. (1926)

species :

Festuca cappadocica (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 207 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca violacea var. cappadocica Hack.; Penther & Zederbauer, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 20: 432 (1905)

species :

Festuca caprina Nees; Fl. Afr. Austr. 443 (1841)

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Yemen (W-Yemen)

25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca caprina var. irrasa Stapf; W. H. Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 720 (1900)

= Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79 (1927)

= Festuca nubigena var. longiaristata St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79 (1927)

species :

Festuca carazana Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 511 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca distichovaginata var. carazana (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 220 (1927)

species :

Festuca carchiensis Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 98 (2004)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Festuca carrascana Stancík & Renvoize; Kew Bull. 62(3): 486 (2007)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

Conservation Status: Known only from type

species :

Festuca cartagana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 67(9): 1291 (1982)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS PAN

species :

Festuca casapaltensis Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 62 (1885)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus weberbaueri Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 517 (1906)

species :

Festuca catalanae Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 52: 22 (2021)

Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca cataonica (Hack. ex Boiss.) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 207 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. cataonica Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 617 (1884)

species :

Festuca chalcophaea V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 513, 768 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. chalcophaea

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR

subspecies :

subsp. euryphylla (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 207 (1981)

Distribution: NE-Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra var. euryphylla St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 393 (1928)

species :

Festuca changduensis L.Liu; Fl. Xizangica 5: 85 (1987)

Distribution: China (Sichuan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Festuca chasii Kerguélen & Plonka; Lejeunia, 142: 12 (1993)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca chelungkingnica D.M.Chang & Skvortsov ex S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 539, f. 4, 7-12 (1992)

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca chimborazensis E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1549 (1984)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca chimborazensis subsp. micacochensis Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39: 105 (2004)

species :

Festuca chiriquensis Swallen; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30: (Fl. Panama, Pt. 2, 20) 116 (1943)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS PAN

species :

Festuca chita Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 129 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca chitagana Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 130 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca chodatiana (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71: 1113 (1986)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania

23 BIO CMN CON RWA 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca camusiana subsp. chodatiana St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 18: 158 (1926)

species :

Festuca christianii-bernardii Kerguélen; H. Coste, Fl. Descr. France, Suppl. 5: 544 (1979)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca chrysophylla Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile (1891) 88

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Maule)

83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca chubutensis var. submutica Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 21: 163 (1911), nom. nud.

= Festuca deserticola var. chrysophylla (Phil.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 212 (1927)

= Festuca deserticola var. juncea St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 209 (1927) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca eriostoma Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53: 32 (1903)

= Festuca juncea Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile (1891) 88 [non (L.) Moench 1794]

= Festuca meyenii (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 348 (1984)

= Festuca orthophylla Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 717 (1898)

= Festuca orthophylla subvar. boliviana (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 196 (1927)

= Festuca orthophylla subvar. glabrescens (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 197 (1927)

= Festuca orthophylla var. boliviana Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 508 (1906)

= Festuca orthophylla var. eriostoma (Hack.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 195 (1927)

= Festuca orthophylla var. glabrescens Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 507 (1906)

= Festuca orthophylla var. meyenii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 198 (1927)

species :

Festuca chumbiensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 118 (1978)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; N-India (Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

species :

Festuca chuquisacae Stancík & Renvoize; Kew Bull. 62(3): 491 (2007)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca)

83 BOL

Conservation Status: Known only from type

species :

Festuca cinerea Vill.; Fl. Delphinalis: 8 (1786), et Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 98 (1787)

Name: Blauschwingel

Distribution: Czech Republic; SE-France; NW-Italy

11 CZE 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea subf. aversa M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea subf. collina M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea subf. dentata M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea subf. kralupensis M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 570 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. bohemica M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 570 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. depauperata (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 537 (1972)

= Festuca cinerea f. insularis M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. longifolia (Parl.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 534 (1972)

= Festuca cinerea f. paradoxa M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. pubiculmis (Hack.) M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. punctata M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. pyramidata M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 574 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. spuria M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 571 (1974)

= Festuca cinerea f. stenostachya (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 537 (1972)

= Festuca cinerea var. lapidosa Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 401 (1960)

= Festuca cinerea var. mamaiae (Prodan) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 538 (1972)

= Festuca duriuscula subvar. cinerea (Vill.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 214 (1913)

= Festuca duriuscula var. cinerea (Vill.) Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 518 (1828)

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Faye; Cat. Pl. Charente-Inf.: 77 (1850), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. longifolia Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 437 (1850)

= Festuca duriuscula var. pubiculmis Hack.; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prír. 24: 4 (1899)

= Festuca glauca f. puberula (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 194 (1955)

= Festuca glauca f. pubiculmis (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 194 (1955)

= Festuca glauca subsp. cinerea (Vill.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890)

= Festuca glauca var. cinerea (Vill.) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 336 (1968)

= Festuca glauca var. cinerea (Vill.) Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 457 (1838)

= Festuca ovina f. depauperata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina f. stenostachys Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. cinerea (Vill.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. puberula Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca pallens f. pubiculmis (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens subsp. mamaiae Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5: 195 (1935)

= Festuca vaginata f. mamaiae (Prodan) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

species :

Festuca circinata Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 288 (1879)

Distribution: Argentina (Cordoba, San Luis)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca circummediterranea Patzke; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 261 (1973)

Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; ?North Macedonia; Albania; Greece; Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI SLV 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: halleri agg. Often included in F. jeanpertii

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. laevis (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 214 (1913)

= Festuca humifusa Brullo & Guarino; Bocconea 13: 409 (2001)

= Festuca laevis (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 828 (1882)

= Festuca leiocolea Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 160 (1975), nom. nov.

= Festuca leiocolea var. chatanieri (Litard.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia. 75: 160 (1975)

= Festuca marginata subsp. laevis (Hack.) Jauzein & J.-M.Tison; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 118 (2010)

= Festuca ovina subsp. chatanieri Litard.; Candollea 7: 215 (1937)

= Festuca ovina subsp. laevis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 107 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. trabutii St.-Yves

= Festuca ovina var. trabutii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 7 (1927)

= Festuca romoi Foggi & Valdés; Willdenowia 35: 242 (2005), nom. nov. for F. trabutii (St.-Yves) Romo

= Festuca stenantha Hack. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 828 (1882), pro syn.

= Festuca trabutii (St.-Yves) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 339 (1986), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca cirrosa (Speg.) Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 190 (1953)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca erecta var. cirrosa Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 5: 95 (1896)

= Festuca longidiurna Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 214 (1953)

species :

Festuca claytonii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1117 (1986)

Distribution: Kenya

25 KEN

species :

Festuca cleefiana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1548 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca clementei Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov.: 90 (1838)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sierra Nevada/Spain)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. clementei (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 670 (1845)

species :

Festuca coahuilana Gonz.-Led. & S.D.Koch; Novon 4: 27 (1994)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca cochabambana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1241 (1985)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL

species :

Festuca cocuyana Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 133, 135 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Arauca, Boyacá)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca coelestis (St.-Yves) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 514, 770 (1934)

Distribution: E-Kazakhstan (Tarbagatai Mountains); Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Gansu, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; N-Pakistan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. coelestis St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 376 (1928)

= Festuca santyvesii Pazij; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 1: 148 (1968) nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca colombiana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1546 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca compressifolia J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 259 (1830)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca fibrifera Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 509 (1906)

species :

Festuca confusa Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 13 (1906)

Name: Confusing fescue

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca suksdorfii Piper ex Suksd.; Werdenda 1(2): 2 (1923)

= Festuca tracyi Hitchc.; Abrams, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 1: 220 (1923)

= Vulpia confusa (Piper) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937), in obs.

= Vulpia microstachys var. confusa (Piper) Lonard & Gould; Madrono. 22(5): 226 (1974)

= Vulpia tracyi (Hitchc.) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937), in obs.

species :

Festuca contracta Kirk; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 27: 1894 (1895) 353

Distribution: New Zealand; Argentina (Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman); Chile (Magallanes); Macquarie Isl.; Falkland Isl.; South Georgia Isl.

51 NZL 85 ARG CLE 91 FAL MAQ SGE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca erecta d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 601 (1826) [nom. illeg. superfl., same comb. made by d´Urv. in 1825, non (Huds.) Wallr. 1822]

= Festuca paludicola Roiv.; Ann. Bot. Soc. ´ Vanamo´ 28: No. 2, 200 (1954)

species :

Festuca copei Renvoize; Gramineas de Bolivia: 117 (1998)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí)

83 BOL

species :

Festuca coromotensis Briceño; Ernstia, 4(3-4): 76 (1994)

Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)

82 VEN

species :

Festuca costata Nees; Fl. Afr. Austr. 447 (1841)

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar

25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca costata var. longiseta Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 447 (1841)

= Festuca milanjiana Rendle; Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. 4: 59 (1894)

species :

Festuca costei (St.-Yves ex Litard.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76(4): 327 (1978)

Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; Switzerland; France; Italy

11 BGM LUX SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arvernensis subsp. costei (St.-Yves) Auquier & Kerguélen; Lejeunia 89: 22 (1977)

= Festuca gallica var. costei (St.-Yves) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 332 (1968)

= Festuca hervieri subsp. costei (St.-Yves) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 96 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Festuca hervieri var. costei (St.-Yves) Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39: 119 (1969)

= Festuca ovina subvar. costei St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 39 (1924)

species :

Festuca coxii (Petrie) Hack.; Cheeseman, Man. N. Zeal. Fl. 919 (1906)

Distribution: Chatham Isl.

51 CTM

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron coxii Petrie; Trans. N. Z Inst. 34: 395 (1902)

species :

Festuca cratericola Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 203, t. 1, f. 2 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca cretacea T.I.Popov ex Proskor.; Byull. Obshch. Estestvoisp. Voronezhsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 46 (1927)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; E-Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cretacea (Lavrenko) Czern. ex V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 527 (1934) nom. illeg.

= Festuca cretacea var. popovii Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 34 (1972)

= Festuca issatchenkoi St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 134 (1932)

= Festuca rubra var. cretacea Lavrenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R. S. F. S. R. 3(2): 5 (1922)

= Festuca spryginii Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 124 (2010), nom. nov. for F. cretacea var. popovii Tzvelev

species :

Festuca crispatopilosa Bor; Webbia 23: 585 (1969)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nubigena subsp. novoguineensis Jansen; Acta Bot. Neerl. 3: 365 (1953)

species :

Festuca cryptantha Cope; Kew Bull. 39: 834 (1984)

Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)

35 YEM

species :

Festuca csikhegyensis Simonk.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 5: 377 (1906)

Name: Blaugrüner Schwingel, Blaugrüner Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Czech Republic; Poland; Lithuania

11 AUT CZE GER POL 14 LIT

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea var. scabrifolia (Hack.) M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca glauca var. scabrifolia Hack.; Vestn. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prír. 24: 1 (1900), nom. illeg., et ex Rohlena, Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 24: 3 (1899)

= Festuca glaucina Stohr; Schlechtendalia 7: 29 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. scabrifolia (Hack.) St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 30 (1927)

= Festuca pallens subsp. scabrifolia (Hack. ex Rohlena) Zielonk.; Hoppea 31: 177 (1973), nom. inval.

= Festuca scabrifolia (Hack. ex Rohlena) Patzke & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca cumminsii Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 349 (1896)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim)

32 KGZ TZK 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. schlagintweitii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 389 (1928)

species :

Festuca cundinamarcae E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1548 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca cuzcoensis Stancík & P.M.Peterson; Sida 20(1): 22 (2002)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL PER

species :

Festuca cyllenica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 2(13): 58 (1853)

subspecies :

subsp. cyllenica

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. cyllenica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Acht.; Izv. Tsarsk. Prir. Inst. Sofiya 11: 72 (1938)

= Festuca varia var. cyllenica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 175 (1882)

= Festuca cyllenica subsp. pangaei Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 159(1976)

= Festuca cyllenica subsp. thasia Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 161 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. uluana Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 206 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. eu-varia var.cyllenica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hack.; Monogr. 175 (1882)

species :

Festuca cynosuroides Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 88 (1798)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ctenopsis cynosuroides (Desf.) Paunero ex Romero García; Lagascalia 18(2): 321 (1996)

= Narduretia cynosuroides (Desf.) Villar; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 16: 101 (1925)

= Nardurus cynosuroides (Desf.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 234 (1895)

= Triticum cynosuroides (Desf.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 325 (1824)

= Vulpia cynosuroides (Desf.) Parl.; Pl. Nov.: 52 (1842)

species :

Festuca dahurica (St.-Yves) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 519, 517, 771 (1934)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); Mongolia

30 SIB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. dahurica St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 40 (1924)

species :

Festuca dalmatica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 95 (1890)

Name: Dalmatinischer Schwingel

Distribution: Hungary; Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; N-Greece

11 HUN 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dalmatica f. pseudorupicola (Thaisz) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 549 (1972)

= Festuca dalmatica subvar. pseudorupicola Thaisz; Magyar Bot. Lapok 1: 110 (1902)

= Festuca ovina var. dalmatica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 102 (1882)

species :

Festuca danthonii Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 550 (1901)

Name: Behaarter Federschwingel (DE); Bearded Fescue (EN)

Distribution: England; Belgium; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Lanzarote, El Hierro); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Kabul, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta); N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])

10 GRB 11 BGM ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 IND PAK 50 aus 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Distomomischus ciliatus (Dumort.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 92 (1867)

= Festuca aetnensis (Tineo) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 943 (1849), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ambigua var. imberbis (Vis.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 87: 48 (1940)

= Festuca ambigua var. penicillata (Murb.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 87: 48 (1940)

= Festuca ambigua var. tripolitana (Pamp.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 87: 48 (1940)

= Festuca barbata var. danthonii (Asch. & Graebn.) Hack. & Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 81 (1907)

= Festuca barbata var. imberbis (Vis.) Hack. & Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 80 (1907)

= Festuca ciliata Danthoine ex DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 55 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ciliata var. aetnensis (Tineo) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 418 (1855)

= Festuca ciliata var. elongata Guss.; Enum. Pl. Inarim.: 367 (1855)

= Festuca ciliata var. glabra (F.Towns.) Tourlet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 314 (1903)

= Festuca ciliata var. glabrescens Döll; Mart., Fl. Bras. 2(3): 114 (1878)

= Festuca ciliata var. imberbis Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 1: 75 (1842)

= Festuca danthonii var. imberbis (Vis.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 551 (1901)

= Festuca danthonii var. imberbis (Vis.) Jahand. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 77 (1931)

= Festuca danthonii var. penicillata Murb.; Contr. Fl. Maroc 1: 14 (1922)

= Festuca exigua Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 1: 20 (1902)

= Festuca gaudiniana Guss.; Enum. Pl. Inarim.: 367 (1855)

= Festuca myuros var. ciliata (Dumort.) Chaub.; Bory & Chaub., Nouv. Fl. Pélop.: 6 (1838)

= Vulpia aetnensis Tineo; Pl. Rar. Sicil. (1846) 22

= Vulpia aetnensis var. imberbis (Vis.) Henrard; Blumea 2: 322 (1937)

= Vulpia ciliata Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 100 (1824)

= Vulpia ciliata f. depauperata Roshev.; Fedtsch. et al., Fl. Turkmen. 1: 156 (1932)

= Vulpia ciliata f. pubescens Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 142 (1917)

= Vulpia ciliata subsp. aetnensis (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 820 (1882)

= Vulpia ciliata var. danthonii (Asch. & Graebn.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 182 (1955), nom. inval.

= Vulpia ciliata var. glabra F.Towns.; J. Bot. 17: 196 (1879)

= Vulpia ciliata var. hymettia Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 13-14: 42 (1899)

= Vulpia ciliata var. imberbis (Vis.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 386 (1904)

= Vulpia ciliata var. imberbis (Vis.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(3): 293 (1932)

= Vulpia ciliata var. penicillata (Murb.) Litard.; Candollea 11: 185 (1948)

= Vulpia ciliata var. plumosa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 629 (1884)

= Vulpia ciliata var. tripolitania (Pamp.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 182 (1955)

= Vulpia danthonii (Asch. & Graebn.) Volkart; H. Schinz & R. Keller, Fl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 57 (1905)

= Vulpia danthonii var. tripolitania Pamp.; Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1914: 12 (1914)

= Vulpia gaudiniana (Guss.) N.Terracc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 14: 142 (1907)

= Vulpia mandaliscae Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 344 (1909)

= Vulpia myuros var. ciliata (Dumort.) Bonnier & Barratte; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Tunis.: 480 (1896)

= Vulpia unioloides Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 344 (1909)

species :

Festuca dasyantha Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 154 (1816)

Distribution: Colombia; Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Festuca dasyclada Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 602 (1896)

Name: Oil shale fescue

Distribution: USA (NW-Wyoming, Utah, W-Colorado)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Argillochloa dasyclada (Hack. ex Beal) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 55(1): 1 (1984)

species :

Festuca debilis (Stapf) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 109 (1978)

Distribution: Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca kashmiriana var. debilis Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 351 (1896)

= Festuca rubra f. debilis (Stapf) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 396 (1928)

species :

Festuca decolorata Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 203, t. 1, f. 4 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca deflexa Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 341 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

species :

Festuca degenii (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

Distribution: SE-France (Massif de L´Esterel, near Cannes)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. degenii St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 80 (1913)

= Festuca pallens f. degenii (St.-Yves) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

species :

Festuca delicatula Lag.; Varied. Cienc. 2: IV. (1805) 39

Distribution: N-Portugal; W- & C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ctenopsis delicatula (Lag.) Paunero; Anal. Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 365 (1963)

= Ctenopsis delicatula f. breviaristata Paunero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 367 (1963)

= Ctenopsis delicatula f. hirsuta (Henrard) Paunero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 367 (1963)

= Ctenopsis delicatula f. quinqueflora P.Silva; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2.A, 54: 240 (1980-1981 publ. 1981)

= Loretia delicatula (Lag.) Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 24 (1893)

= Mygalurus delicatulus (Lag.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 92 (1821)

= Narduretia delicatula (Lag.) Villar; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 16: 102 (1925)

= Narduretia delicatula f. intermedia Vill.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 102 (1925)

= Narduretia delicatula f. stricta Vill.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 102 (1925)

= Narduretia delicatula f. viciosoi Vill.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 102 (1925)

= Vulpia delicatula (Lag.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 100 (1824)

= Vulpia delicatula var. hirsuta Henrard; Blumea 2: 393 (1937)

species :

Festuca densiflora Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 71 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca densipaniculata E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1551 (1984)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Festuca dentiflora E.B.Alexeev ex Stancík & P.M.Peterson; Sida 20(3): 1016 (2003)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca deserti (Coss. & Durieu) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 215 (1895)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aurasiaca Trab.; Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Alger. [Monoc.] (1895) 215

= Festuca deserti subsp. aurasiaca (Trab.) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 27 (1922)

= Festuca deserti subsp. duriaei St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 26 (1922), nom. inval.

= Festuca deserti subsp. marocana (Trab.) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 29 (1922)

= Festuca deserti subvar. pozzicola Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 28 (1924)

= Festuca marocana (Trab.) Dobignard & Portal; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 1: 417 (2010)

= Festuca marocana subsp. pozzicola (Litard. & Maire) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 339 (1986)

= Festuca maroccana subsp. pozzicola (Litard. & Maire) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 339 (1986)

= Festuca rubra subsp. aurasiaca Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 215 (1895)

= Festuca rubra var. deserti Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 301 (1868)

= Festuca rubra var. marocana Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 215 (1895)

species :

Festuca devesae Mart.-Sagarra; Phytotaxa 424(2): 100 (2019)

Distribution: N-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca dichoclada Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 514 (1906)

Distribution: Colombia; Peru

82 CLM 83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca quadridentata var. dichoclada (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 265 (1927)

species :

Festuca diclina Darbysh.; Novon 5(2): 129 (1995)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca dinirica Stancík; Novon 14(3): 341 (2004)

Distribution: Venezuela (Lara)

82 VEN

species :

Festuca discolor Boeuf & Holveck; in prep.

Distribution: France (S-Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca guestfalica subsp. discolor Boeuf & Holveck; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 101 (2022), nom. prov.

species :

Festuca dissitiflora Steud. ex Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 287 (1879)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Cordoba, Jujuy, Mendoza, Salta, San Luis Prov., Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca castilloniana Türpe; Lilloa 33: 285 (1973)

= Festuca dissitiflora Steud. ex Lechl.; Berberid. Amer. Austral. 56 (1857) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca dissitiflora subvar. speciosa St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 249 (1927)

= Festuca dissitiflora var. mutica Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 287 (1879)

= Festuca potosiana Renvoize; Gramin. Bolivia: 122 (1998)

species :

Festuca distichovaginata Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 511 (1906)

Distribution: Peru; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)

83 PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca distichovaginata subvar. angustiflora St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 307 (1927)

species :

Festuca divergens Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 51 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca djimilensis Boiss. & Balansa; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 18 (1874)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey

33 AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca calceolaris Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 4: 211 (1897)

= Festuca rubra var. djimilensis (Boiss. & Balansa) Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 621 (1884)

species :

Festuca djurdjurae (Batt. & Trab.) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 338 (1986)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. djurdjurae Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 212 (1895)

= Festuca ovina var. djurdjurae (Trab.) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 10 (1922), isonym

= Festuca ovina var. djurdjurae (Trab.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 917 (1894)

species :

Festuca dolichantha Keng ex Keng f.; Acta Bot. Yunnanica 4(3): 274 (1982)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca dolichathera Röser & Tkach; Taxon 69(2): 265 (2020), nom. nov.

Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso)

85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Megalachne dantonii Penneck. & Gl.Rojas; Phytotaxa 418(3): 295 (2019)

species :

Festuca dolichophylla J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 258 (1830)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí)

80 COS PAN 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplachne scirpifolia J.Presl; C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 261 (1830)

= Festuca laeteviridis Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 510 (1906)

= Festuca pflanzii Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 188 (1913)

= Festuca scirpifolia (J.Presl) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 403 (1833)

= Festuca subulifolia var. vivipara Stancík; Darwiniana 41: 144 (2003)

species :

Festuca dracomontana H.P.Linder; Bothalia 16(1): 59 (1986)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

species :

Festuca drakensbergensis Sylvester, Soreng & M.D.P.V.Sylvester; PhytoKeys 162: 50, figs. 1-2 (2020)

Distribution: Lesotho

27 LES

species :

Festuca durandoi Clauson; Billot, Annot. 163 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. durandoi

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca paniculata subsp. durandoi (Clauson) Emb. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 940 (1941)

= Festuca spadicea subsp. durandoi (Clauson) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 217 (1895)

= Festuca spadicea var. durandoi (Clauson) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 167 (1882)

= Patzkea durandoi (Clauson) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. capillifolia (Pau ex Willk.) Rivas Ponce, Cebolla & M.B.Crespo; Fontqueria 31: 256 (1991)

Distribution: Portugal; S- & E-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus capillifolius (Dufour ex Roem. & Schult.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 341 (1893)

= Festuca capillifolia Dufour ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 735 (1817)

= Festuca durandoi var. capillifolia (Pau ex Willk.) Rivas Ponce & Cebolla; Fontqueria 28: 19 (1990)

= Festuca paniculata var. capillifolia (Pau ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 332 (2001)

= Festuca scaberrima Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1860: 51 (1860)

= Festuca spadicea var. capillifolia Pau ex Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 26 (1893)

= Patzkea durandoi subsp. capillifolia (Pau ex Willk.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40: 200 (2010)

= Schedonorus bromoides Wight ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 316 (1854)

variant :

var. livida (Hack.) Rivas Ponce, Cebolla & M.B.Crespo; Fontqueria 31: 256 (1991)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca durandoi subsp. livida (Hack.) Rivas Ponce & Cebolla; Fontqueria 28: 19 (1990)

= Festuca paniculata var. livida (Hack.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 332 (2001)

= Festuca spadicea var. livida Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gramin. Portugal: 27 (1880)

= Patzkea durandoi subsp. livida (Hack.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

species :

Festuca duvalii (St.-Yves) Stohr; Wiss. Zeitschr. Univ. Halle 4: 732 (1955)

Name: Duval-Schwingel, Duval-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz); France

11 BGM GER 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.; records from Poland and Lithuania refer likely to F. csikhegyensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duvalii (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 77: 94 (1937), Soó in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 2: 201 (1955), in adnot.

= Festuca guestfalica subsp. kerguelenii Boeuf & Portal; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 77 (2022), intended as new name for F. guestfalica auct., but based on a lectotype which is F. duvalii

= Festuca kerguelenii (Boeuf & Portal) T.Gregor, Kasperek & U.Raabe; Kochia 16: 115 (2023), nom. inval. (cited in synonymy)

= Festuca ovina var. duvalii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 38 (1924)

species :

Festuca dyris (Maire & Trab.) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 338 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alpina var. dyris Maire & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 214 (1922)

= Festuca ovina subvar. dyris (Maire & Trab.) Litard. & St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 291 (1923)

species :

Festuca earlei Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 608 (1905)

Name: Earle´s fescue

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla var. utahensis (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 108 (1945)

= Festuca brevifolia var. utahensis St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 257 (1925)

species :

Festuca ebeliana Enustsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 75 (2015)

Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca edlundiae S.G.Aiken, Consaul & Lefk.; Syst. Bot. 20(3): 381 (1995)

Distribution: Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Northern Territories, Nunavut)

70 ASK CDN GNL

species :

Festuca eggleri R.Tracey; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128: 290 (1977)

Distribution: SE-Austria (Mur valley)

11 AUT

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca elata Keng ex E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obsc. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 82(3): 97 (1977)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca elata Keng; Guihaia 13(4): 319-320 (1993)

species :

Festuca elbrusica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 78(3): 107 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Festuca elegans Boiss.; Elenchus 92 (1838)

Distribution: Portugal; C- & S-Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca elegans subsp. merinoi (Pau) Fuente & Ortúñez; Folia Geobot. 36(4): 402 (2001)

= Festuca merinoi Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1: 51 (1902)

species :

Festuca elgonensis E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(9): 1266 (1987)

Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda

24 SSU 25 UGA

species :

Festuca elmeri Scribn. & Merr.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 468 (1902)

Name: Coast fescue

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca elmeri subsp. luxurians Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 38 (1906)

= Festuca elmeri var. conferta (Beal) Hitchc.; Amer. J. Bot. 21: 128 (1934)

= Festuca elmeri var. luxurians Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 38 (1906), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca jonesii var. conferta Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 593 (1896)

species :

Festuca elviae Briceño; Ernstia, 4(3-4): 77 (1994)

Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)

82 VEN

species :

Festuca elwendiana Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 208 (1981)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)

33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca karadagensis Hadac & Chrtek; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 4: 212 (1969)

= Festuca ovina subvar. asperrima Hack.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 10 (1885)

= Festuca pseudodalmatica subsp. asperrima (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 60 (1979)

= Festuca sulcata var. asperrima (Hack.) Hack.

= Festuca vagravarica E.B.Alexeev; Ovsyanitsy Kavkaza: 88 (1980)

= Festuca vallesiaca var. asperrima (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev; Byull Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(3): 109 (1973)

species :

Festuca embergeri (Litard. & Maire) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 338 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Remarks: rubra agg., often included in F. nevadensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gaetula subsp. embergeri (Litard.) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 338 (1986)

= Festuca ovina var. embergeri Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 17: 13 (1927)

= Festuca rubra subvar. embergeri Litard.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 265 (1936)

species :

Festuca eriobasis H.Scholz; Willdenowia 18(2): 431 (1989)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Festuca eskia Ramond ex DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Fr. ed. 3, 3: (1805)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca crinum-ursi Ramond ex Viv.-Morel; Lyon-Hort. & Hort. Nouv. 6: 277 (1884)

= Festuca eskia var. orientalis Nègre; Candollea 30: 318 (1975)

= Festuca eskia var. tenuifolia Nègre; Candollea 30: 318 (1975)

= Festuca pumila subsp. eskia (Ramond ex DC.) Litard.; Candollea 10: 112 (1945)

= Festuca varia subsp. eskia (Ramond ex DC.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 170 (1882)

= Festuca varia var. eskia (Ramond ex DC.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 660 (1823)

= Schedonorus eskia (Ramond ex DC.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

species :

Festuca eugenii Kulikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 124 (2000)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Krasnodar)

33 NCS

species :

Festuca exaristata E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1116 (1986)

Distribution: Lesotho

27 LES

species :

Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 194 (1931)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca iwamotoi Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 435 (1933)

= Festuca subulata subsp. japonica (Hack.) T.Koyama & Kawano; Canad. J. Bot. 42: 875 (1964)

= Festuca subulata var. japonica Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 113 (1898)

species :

Festuca fabrei Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. s. 19: 18 (1988)

Distribution: S-France

12 FRA

species :

Festuca fasciculata Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 22 (1775)

Name: Büschel-Federschwingel (DE); Dune fescue (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Belarus [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I])

10 GRB IRE 11 ger 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 blr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 27 saf 33 GEO 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca bromoides var. uniglumis Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central: 98 (1847)

= Festuca uniglumis var. diandra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 14 (1940)

= Vulpia fasciculata (Forssk.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, ed. 2: 74, 692 (1909)

= Vulpia fasciculata (Forssk.) Samp.; Lista Esp. Herb. Port. 24 (1913), isonym

= Vulpia membranacea subsp. fasciculata (Forssk.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 96 (1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Festuca fascinata Keng ex S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 533-534 (1992)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Festuca fiebrigii Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 510 (1906)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Jujuy, Tucuman)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

species :

Festuca filiformis Pourr.; Hist. & Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 319 (1788)

Name: Fineleaf sheep fescue (EN), Haar-Schwingel, Haar-Schaf-Schwingel, Dünnblättriger Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Romania; Latvia; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Labrador [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Costa Rica [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Magallanes [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR LAT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 33 NCS 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 80 cos 85 arg cle

Remarks: ovina agg., ovina group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca capillata Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 597 (1778), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca filiformis f. mucronata (Auquier) Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. s. 19: 20 (1988)

= Festuca mutica (Retz.) Wulfen; Fl. Norica Phan.: 145 (1858)

= Festuca ovina f. arenaria Beck; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30: ? (1913)

= Festuca ovina f. arenaria Junge; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30(Beih. 3): 253 (1913)

= Festuca ovina f. frisia (Asch. & Graebn.) Jansen; Fl. Neerl. 1(2): 47 (1951)

= Festuca ovina f. hispidispicula Litard. ex Jansen & Wacht.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch., ser. 3, 1921: 168 (1922)

= Festuca ovina f. hispidula (Hack.) Jansen; Fl. Neerl. 1(2): 47 (1951)

= Festuca ovina f. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Asch.; 856 (1864)

= Festuca ovina subsp. capillata (Alef.) Kozlowska; Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1925: 329 (1925)

= Festuca ovina subsp. capillata Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. (1882)

= Festuca ovina subsp. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Bohmen 50 (1867)

= Festuca ovina subsp. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Ces.; Car. Catt., 320 (1844)

= Festuca ovina subvar. hispidula Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. capillata (Lam.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 354 (1866)

= Festuca ovina var. capillata (Lam.) Mathieu; Fl. Gen. Belgique, Spermatoph. 1: 621 (1853)

= Festuca ovina var. capillata (Mérat) Heynh.; Nom. Bot. Hort.: 331 (1840)

= Festuca ovina var. capillata Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 354 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. frisia Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 467 (1900)

= Festuca ovina var. hispidula (Hack.) Tzvelev; Zlaki Rossii: 296 (2019)

= Festuca ovina var. mutica Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr., ed. 2: 24 (1795)

= Festuca ovina var. paludosa (Gaudin) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 37 (1830)

= Festuca ovina var. paludosa (Gaudin) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 714 (1817)

= Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Clairv.; 23 (1811)

= Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 102 (1824)

= Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. 1: 642 (1823)

= Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 714 (1817)

= Festuca paludosa Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 229 (1811)

= Festuca tenuifolia f. arenaria (Junge) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972), without basionym page

= Festuca tenuifolia f. frisia (Asch. & Graebn.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca tenuifolia f. glabrispicula Auquier; Lejeunia, n.s., 53: 1 (1970)

= Festuca tenuifolia f. mucronata Auquier; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 15: 136 (1974)

= Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.; Fl. Oxon. 44 (1794), non Schrad.

= Festuca tenuifolia var. mutica (Retz.) Tourlet; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 582 (1908)

= Festuca tenuifolia var. paludosa (Gaudin) Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 880 (1869)

= Poa capillata (Lam.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 27 (1821)

species :

Festuca fimbriata Nees; Mart., Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(3): 472 (1829)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caazapa); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Montevideo); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ampliflora Döll; Mart., Fl. Bras. 2(3): 116, t. 34 (1878)

species :

Festuca flacca Hack. ex E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1543 (1984)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca flacca Hack.; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador (1889): 10. 1889. [nom. nud.]

= Festuca flava Hack. ex Sodiro; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 3(25): 483 (1889) orth. var.

= Festuca subulata var. fraseriana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 451 (1928)

species :

Festuca flavescens Bellardi; App. Fl. Pedem. 11 (1792)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dumetorum var. alpina Chaub.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 1: 42 (1833)

= Festuca fusca var. flavescens (Bellardi) Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 87, f. 616 (1834)

= Festuca pumila var. flavescens (Bellardi) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 138 (1923)

= Festuca varia subsp. flavescens (Bellardi) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 408 (1881)

= Festuca varia var. flavescens (Bellardi) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 300 (1828)

species :

Festuca floribunda (Pilg.) P.M.Peterson, Soreng & Romasch; Phytoneuron 2018-32: 1-4 (2018)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Potosí); Argentina (Jujuy, La Rioja); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus mandonianus Henrard; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 177 (1926)

= Dielsiochloa floribunda (Pilg.) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73: 99 (1943)

= Dielsiochloa floribunda var. major Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 77: 101 (1947)

= Dielsiochloa floribunda var. weberbaueri (Pilg.) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73: 101 (1943)

= Trisetum floribundum Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 505 (1906)

= Trisetum floribundum var. weberbaueri (Pilg.) Louis-Marie; Rhodora 30(359): 244 (1928)

= Trisetum weberbaueri Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 506 (1906)

species :

Festuca fontqueriana (Melderis & Stace) comb.ined.

Distribution: S-Spain (coastal near Huelva, Cádiz and near Segovia)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia fontqueriana Melderis & Stace; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 7: 782 (1968)

species :

Festuca forrestii St.-Yves; Clav. Anal. Festuc. (Rev. Bret. Bot. No. 2) 72 (1927), et Candollea 3: 383 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. forrestii

Distribution: China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca forrestii var. kozlovii Tzvelev; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 167 (1968)

subspecies :

subsp. nepalensis H.Scholz; Willdenowia 18(2): 432 (1989)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Festuca fragilis (Luces) Briceño; Ernstia, 4(3-4): 78 (1994)

Distribution: Colombia (Arauca, Boyacá); Venezuela (Merida)

82 CLM VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Helleria fragilis Luces; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 32: 157 (1942)

= Hellerochloa fragilis (Luces) Rauschert; Taxon 31: 561 (1982)

species :

Festuca francoi Fern.Prieto, C.Aguiar, E.Días & M.I.Gut.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157(3): 497 (2008)

Distribution: Azores

21 AZO

species :

Festuca frederikseniae E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 28 (1985), nom. nov.

Distribution: Greenland; Canada (Newfoundland)

70 GNL 72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Lange; Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 180 (1880), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. hirsuta Lange; Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 179 (1880) [nom. illeg., non Link]

= Festuca vivipara subsp. hirsuta (Lange) Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 1(3): 287 (1981)

= Festuca vivipara var. hirsuta Schol.; Skr. Svalbard Nordishavet 56: 139 (1933)

species :

Festuca frigida (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 97 (1890)

Distribution: Spain (Sierra Nevada/Spain)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. frigida Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 114 (1882)

species :

Festuca galicicae Horvat ex Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 324 (1978)

Distribution: North Macedonia (Galicica Planina); Albania

13 ALB NMA

species :

Festuca galiciensis Bednarska; Phytotaxa 306(1) : 33 (2017)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Festuca gamisansii Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 120: 95 (1987), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. gamisansii

Distribution: Corsica; Italy (Elba Isl.)

12 COR 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. litardierei (St.-Yves) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 79 (1934)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. litardierei (St.-Yves) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 159 (1975)

= Festuca ovina subvar. chabertii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 33 (1924)

= Festuca ovina var. litardierei St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 62 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. aethaliae Signorini & Foggi; Pl. Biosystems, 132(2): 106 (1998)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Festuca gautieri (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 105 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. gautieri

Distribution: N-Spain (mountains); Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca eskia var. flavescens Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon.: 114 (1863)

= Festuca fusca var. flavescens Philippe; Fl. Pyren.: 450 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Festuca gautieri subsp. scoparia (A.J.Kern. & Hack.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 110: 58 (1983)

= Festuca pumila subsp. scoparia (A.J.Kern. & Hack.) Litard.; Candollea 9: 479 (1943)

= Festuca ramondii Patzke; Decheniana 117: 195 (1964)

= Festuca scoparia A.J.Kern. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 826 (1882), nom. inval.

= Festuca scoparia var. gautieri (Hack.) Gaut.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Sess. Extr.): XX (1891)

= Festuca scoparia var. jabalambrensis (Pau) Debeaux; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 15: 129 (1897)

= Festuca ursina Hyl.; Index Seminum (UPS, Upsaliensi) 1971: ? (1971), nom. nud.

= Festuca varia subsp. scoparia J.Koenig ex Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 408 (1881)

= Festuca varia var. flavescens Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 3: 576 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Festuca varia var. gautieri Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 181 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. lutea (Hack.) Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca lutea (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 105 (1890)

= Festuca scoparia subsp. lutea (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 496 (1972)

= Festuca varia var. lutea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 180 (1882)

species :

Festuca geniculata (L.) Lag. & Rodr.; Anales Ci. Nat. 6: 150 (1803)

subspecies :

subsp. geniculata

Name: Geknieter Federschwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; ?Italy; ?Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I])

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 cny MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus geniculatus L.; Syst. Nat (ed. 12) 2: 97 (1767)

= Bromus incrassatus Lam.; Encycl. 1: 468 (1783)

= Festuca attenuata (Parl.) Parl.; Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 886 (1845)

= Festuca attenuata Parl.; G. Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 886 (1844)

= Festuca geniculata f. colorata Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 941 (1941)

= Festuca geniculata subsp. attenuata (Parl.) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 75 (1931)

= Festuca geniculata subsp. breviglumis Emb. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 941 (1941)

= Festuca geniculata subsp. longiglumis (Caball.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 18(3): 14 (1922)

= Festuca geniculata subvar. hispida T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 915 (1894)

= Festuca geniculata var. abbreviata Hack.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 188 (1912)

= Festuca geniculata var. abbreviata Hack. ex Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 128 (1912)

= Festuca geniculata var. ciliata (Parl.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 556 (1901)

= Festuca geniculata var. dasyantha (Henrard) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 941 (1941)

= Festuca geniculata var. dianthera Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 8: 142 (1928)

= Festuca geniculata var. eriantha Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 234 (1935)

= Festuca geniculata var. glabriglumis Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 941 (1941)

= Festuca geniculata var. glabrivaginata Maire & Wilczek; Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 234 (1935)

= Festuca geniculata var. longiglumis (Caball.) Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc: 75 (1931)

= Festuca geniculata var. pumila Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 727 (1878)

= Festuca geniculata var. reesei Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 231 (1933)

= Festuca gussonis Trin. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca pauana Font Quer; Cavanillesia 4: 25 (1931)

= Festuca sicula Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 632 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca stipoides var. conferta Coss.; Notes Pl. Midi Espagne: 48 (1869)

= Loretia geniculata (L.) Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 2: 42 (1880)

= Loretia incrassata (Lam.) Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), II 2: 41 (1880)

= Mygalurus geniculatus (L.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 92 (1821)

= Vulpia attenuata (Parl.) Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1: 349 (1844)

= Vulpia flavescens Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. ser. 1934: 247, no. 9687 (1936)

= Vulpia geniculata (L.) Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 148 (1827)

= Vulpia geniculata f. breviglumis Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 221 (1895)

= Vulpia geniculata f. hirsuta H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 27 (1932)

= Vulpia geniculata f. hirta H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 26 (1932)

= Vulpia geniculata subsp. attenuata (Parl.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 221 (1895)

= Vulpia geniculata subsp. breviglumis (Trab.) Murb.; Contr. Fl. Maroc 1: 14 (1922)

= Vulpia geniculata subsp. flavescens (Sennen & Mauricio) Stace; Brit. Irish Bot. 4(1): 50 (2021)

= Vulpia geniculata subsp. pauana (Font Quer) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 864 (1934)

= Vulpia geniculata subvar. hispida Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 91 (1884)

= Vulpia geniculata var. attenuata (Parl.) Fiori; A. Fiori & al., Fl. Italia 1: 94 (1896)

= Vulpia geniculata var. breviglumis (Trab.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie Tunisie: 385 (1905)

= Vulpia geniculata var. ciliata Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 428 (1850)

= Vulpia geniculata var. dasyantha Henrard; Blumea 2: 322 (1937)

= Vulpia geniculata var. glabriglumis Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 941 (1941)

= Vulpia geniculata var. linnaei Rothm. & P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 1: 246 (1939)

= Vulpia geniculata var. longiglumis Caball.; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 13: 297 (1913)

= Vulpia geniculata var. reesei Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 231 (1933)

= Vulpia obtusa Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie Tunisie: 385 (1905)

= Vulpia pauana (Font Quer) Font Quer; Iter Marocc.: no. 73 (1933)

= Vulpia subalata Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 208 (1936), nom. nud.

subspecies :

subsp. monanthera Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 220 (1932)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia geniculata subsp. monanthera (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 189 (1955)

species :

Festuca georgii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obsc. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 83(5): 94 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca gilbertiana E.B.Alexeev ex S.M.Phillips; Nordic J. Bot. 14(6): 649 (1994)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Festuca giraldoi J.C.Ospina & Picca; Folia Geobot. 54(3,4): 301 (2019)

Distribution: Argentina (Córdoba)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca glabrata Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado. 16: 30 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca glacialis (Miégev. ex Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 97 (1890)

Distribution: N-Spain (Pyrenees, Cordillera Cantabrica); Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. glacialis Miégev. ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 115 (1882)

species :

Festuca glauca Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 99 (1787)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona); France (E- & C-Pyrenees, Cevennes, Roussillon); Morocco [I]; Madeira [I]; Colombia [I]

12 FRA SPA 20 mor 21 mdr 82 clm

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca calcarea Tausch ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca cinerea var. glauca (Vill.) Stöhr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe: 400 (1960)

= Festuca duriuscula var. glauca (Vill.) Bréb.; Fl. Normandie: 375 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Festuca eragrostoides Krock.; Fl. Siles., Suppl. 1: 171 (1823)

= Festuca ovina proles glauca (Vill.) Douin; G. E. M. Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 49 (1933), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina f. villiflora Litard.; Arch. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 232 (1927)

= Festuca ovina subsp. glauca (Vill.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 50 (1867)

= Festuca ovina subsp. glauca (Vill.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 355 (2001), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. glauca (Vill.) Bréb.; Fl. Normandie: 377 (1835)

= Festuca ruscinonensis Rivas Mart. & Fuente; Itinera Geobot. 15: 701 (2002), nom. nov.

= Festuca strictifolia Opiz; Naturalientausch 9: 126 (1825)

= Festuca veneris G.Rossi, Foggi & Signorini; Webbia 51(1): 22 (1996)

species :

Festuca glaucispicula Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 203, t. 2, f. 1 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca glumosa Hack. ex E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1549 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Risaralda, Tolima); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. jamesonii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 166 (1927)

= Festuca glumosa Hack. ex Sodiro; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador (1889): 10. 1889. [nom. nud.]

species :

Festuca glyceriantha Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 516 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca scirpifolia subsp. glyceriantha (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 231 (1927)

= Festuca scirpifolia var. glyceriantha (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 231 (1927)

species :

Festuca goloskokovii E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 25 (1976)

Distribution: E-Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Festuca gracillima Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 2: 383 (1847)

Distribution: Argentina (Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Biobío, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gracillima var. brevifolia Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 5: 95 (1896)

variant :

var. glacialis Rúgolo & Nicora; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 25(3-4): 464 (1988)

Distribution: Argentina (Santa Cruz); Chile (Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

species :

Festuca graeca (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel (Zürich) 56: 162 (1976)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca graeca subsp. pawlowskiana Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 164(1976)

= Festuca varia f. graeca (Hack.) Gajic; Fl. SR Srbije 8: 432 (1976)

= Festuca varia subvar. graeca Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 174 (1882)

species :

Festuca grandiaristata Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 101(1976)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

species :

Festuca greuteri Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Phytotaxa 395(4): 253 (2019)

subspecies :

subsp. greuteri

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. camarolensis Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Phytotaxa 395(4): 257 (2019)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. de Camarolos, Sa. del Jobo)

12 SPA

species :

Festuca guaramacalana Stancík; Novon 14(3): 343 (2004)

Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)

82 VEN

species :

Festuca guestfalica Boenn. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 140(3) (1831)

Name: Westfälischer Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen: Sauerland)

11 GER

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group. The true guestfalica is a local microspecies

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 101 (1837)

= Festuca duriuscula var. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Wender.; 25 (1846), isonym

= Festuca ovina f. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Wigand; 337 (1859)

= Festuca ovina subsp. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 93 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Hack.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 331 (1908)

= Festuca ovina var. guestfalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 331 (1908)

species :

Festuca guinochetii (Bidault) S.Arndt; Pl. Syst. Evol. 271(3-4): 136 (2008)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. guinochetii Bidault; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 114: 58 (1967)

species :

Festuca gypsophila Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 47 (1877)

Distribution: C-Portugal; C-Spain; SE-Spain; W-Sicily

12 POR SPA 13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Ctenopsis gypsophila (Hack.) Paunero; Anal. Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 368 (1963)

= Festuca cynosuroides Balansa ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 821 (1882), pro syn.

= Loretia gypsophila (Hack.) Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. 1: 125 (1885)

= Narduretia gypsacea (Willk.) Villar; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 16: 101 (1925)

= Vulpia delicatula var. gypsacea Willk.; M. Willkomm & J. M. C. Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 90 (1861)

= Vulpia gypsophila (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 821 (1879)

species :

Festuca halleri All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 253 (1785)

subspecies :

subsp. halleri

Name: Haller-Schwingel

Distribution: Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; SE-France; N-Italy; W-Croatia

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca austrodolomitica Pils & Prosser; Pl. Syst. Evol., 195(3-4): 188 (1995)

= Festuca corsica Salzm. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 629 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca decipiens Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse: 24 (1811)

= Festuca dura var. hexaploidea Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Botaniste 31: 339 (1968), nom. inval.

= Festuca duriuscula var. villosa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 648 (1823)

= Festuca gaudinii Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 130 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Festuca halleri subsp. decipiens Cif. & Giacom.; Nomencl. Fl. Ital. 1: 40 (1950)

= Festuca halleri var. tenuis Kiem; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 52: 26 (1981)

= Festuca hirsuta Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 61 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Festuca minor St.-Lag.; Cariot, Etud. des fl., ed. 8. 2: 940 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina subsp. halleri (All.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 365 (1894)

= Festuca ovina var. alpestris G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 620 (1836)

= Festuca ovina var. halleri (All.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 112 (1882), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca ovina var. hirsuta DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 264 (1815)

= Festuca rupicola var. hirsuta (Jáv.) Soó; Erdélyi Mezöség Fl.: 11 (1949), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca spiciformis Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 94 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sulcata f. hirsuta Jáv.; Magyar Fl.: 100 (1924)

= Festuca valesiaca f. hirsuta (Jáv.) Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 297 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. scardica (Griseb.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

Distribution: ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. scardica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 432 (1846)

species :

Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 31 (1906)

Name: Plains rough fescue

Distribution: Canada (?British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan); USA (Montana, Wyoming, Colorado)

71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dalucum hallii (Vasey) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 221 (1915)

= Festuca altaica subsp. hallii (Vasey) V.L.Harms; Madroño 32(1): 9 (1985)

= Festuca altaica subvar. hallii (Vasey) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 271 (1925)

= Festuca confinis subsp. rabinosa Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 41 (1906)

= Festuca kingii var. rabinosa (Piper) Hitchc.; Amer. J. Bot. 21: 128 (1934)

= Festuca scabrella subsp. hallii (Vasey) W.A.Weber; Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. Biol. 7: 8 (1961)

= Hesperochloa kingii var. rabinosa (Piper) Swallen; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 45 (1941)

= Melica hallii Vasey; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 6: 296 (1881)

species :

Festuca hartmannii (Markgr.-Dann.) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 121 (1978)

Distribution: N-Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. hartmannii Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jahrb. 85: 376 (1966)

species :

Festuca hatico Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 119 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Santander); Venezuela

82 CLM VEN

species :

Festuca hawaiiensis Hitchc.; Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 8: 115 (1922)

Distribution: Hawaii (+´Ulupalakua, single collection); Hawaii Isl. (Pu´uhuluhulu and Hualalai)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare

species :

Festuca hedbergii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1113 (1986), nom. nov.

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca abyssinica var. supina St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

= Festuca pilgeri subsp. supina (St.-Yves) Hedberg; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15(1): 37 (1957)

species :

Festuca henriquesii Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 126 (1882)

Distribution: N-Portugal

12 POR

species :

Festuca hephaestophila Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 310 (1854)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico State, Morelos, Nuevo León, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tolucensis Rupr. ex Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9(2): 236 (1842)

= Festuca tolucensis var. hephaestophila (Nees ex Steud.) Nees ex Hook.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 105 (1850)

species :

Festuca hercegovinica Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 323 (1978)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; North Macedonia; N-Greece

13 BIH CRO GRC NMA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca herrerae Davidse; Novon 2(4): 322 (1992)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS PAN

species :

Festuca heteromalla Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 319 (1788)

Name: Vielblütiger Rot-Schwingel, Flachblättriger Rot-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; ?Romania; Latvia; Lithuania; N-European Russia; Aleutes [I]; USA [I] (Wisconsin [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT BGM GER SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 14 LAT LIT RUS 70 ask 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: rubra agg.; status uncertain, a heterogeneous mix of types

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aucta V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS 2: 518, 767 (1934)

= Festuca bartherei Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 4: 183 (1870)

= Festuca diffusa Dumort.; Obs. Gram. Belg. 106 (1824)

= Festuca elatior var. fallax (Thuill.) Pauquy; Statist. Bot. Somme: 471 (1831)

= Festuca fallax Thuill.; Fl. Par. ed. II. 50 (1799)

= Festuca juncifolia var. planifolia Druce; List Brit. Pl., ed. 2: 132 (1928)

= Festuca megastachys Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 92 (1838)

= Festuca multiflora Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. ed. II. 1: I. 50 (1800) [non Walter (1788)]

= Festuca pratensis Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips.: 57 (1771), nom. illeg.

= Festuca pratensis var. fallax (Thuill.) Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 168 (1827)

= Festuca rubra proles bartherei (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 207 (1913)

= Festuca rubra proles multiflora (Piper) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 206 (1913)

= Festuca rubra subsp. aucta (V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov) Hultén; Fl. Alaska Yukon: 246 (1942)

= Festuca rubra subsp. bartherei (Timb.-Lagr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France, ed. 2: 78 (1946)

= Festuca rubra subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subsp. macrantha K.Richt.; 99 (1890)

= Festuca rubra subsp. megastachys (Gaudin) Piper; 21 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora (Steud.) Piper; 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora (Wallr.) Dostál; Kvetena CSR, ed. 2: 1943 (1950)

= Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. planifolia Oborny; Fl. Mähren: 154 (1883)

= Festuca rubra var. bartherei (Timb.-Lagr.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 407 (1881)

= Festuca rubra var. elatior Tinant; Fl. Luxemb.: 50 (1836)

= Festuca rubra var. fallax (Thuill.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 407 (1881)

= Festuca rubra var. fallax (Thuill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 556 (1891), isonym

= Festuca rubra var. latifolia Klett & Richt.; 99 (1830)

= Festuca rubra var. majus Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 1: 139 (1825)

= Festuca rubra var. megastachys (Gaudin) Moritzi; 64 (1832)

= Festuca rubra var. multiflora (Koeler) Steud.; 339 (1821)

= Festuca rubra var. multiflora Wallr.; Sched. Crit.: 34 (1822)

= Festuca rubra var. pratensis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866)

species :

Festuca heteropachys (St.-Yves) Patzke ex Auquier; De Langhe et al., Nouv. Fl. Belg. 759 (1973)

Name: Derber Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz); France (Alsace)

11 GER 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., heteropachys group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. heteropachys St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 31 (1924)

= Festuca ovina var. heteropachys (St.-Yves) Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 395 (1960)

species :

Festuca heterophylla Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 600 (1778)

subspecies :

subsp. heterophylla

Name: Verschiedenblättriger Schwingel (DE), Variousleaf fescue (EN)

Distribution: England; Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; ?Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; ?Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], New York [I], Virginia [I])

10 den GRB swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca citardae Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 348 (1909)

= Festuca communis var. heterophylla (Lam.) Petif; Enum. Pl. Fl. Palat.: 12 (1830), isonym

= Festuca duriuscula var. heterophylla (Lam.) Hampe; 11 (1836), isonym

= Festuca duriuscula var. heterophylla (Lam.) St.-Amans; Fl. Agen.: 41 (1821)

= Festuca duriuscula var. heterophylla Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 44 (1813)

= Festuca heterophylla f. leiophylla (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 513 (1972)

= Festuca heterophylla var. erecta Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig: 557 (1846)

= Festuca heterophylla var. homophylla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 792 (1866)

= Festuca heterophylla var. hostii Duby; A. DC., Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 518 (1828)

= Festuca heterophylla var. lamarckii Duby; A. DC., Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 518 (1828), nom. inval.

= Festuca heterophylla var. laxa Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 75 (1859)

= Festuca heterophylla var. major Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 4: 9 (1904)

= Festuca heterophylla var. nemorosa (Hoffm.) Wender.; 25 (1846)

= Festuca heterophylla var. nutans Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig: 557 (1846)

= Festuca heterophylla var. puberula Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 439 (1850)

= Festuca heterophylla var. robusta Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 39-40: 87 (1911)

= Festuca heterophylla var. sordida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 792 (1866)

= Festuca heterophylla var. umbrosa Bogenh.; 395 (1850)

= Festuca heterophylla var. violacea Bogenh.; 395 (1850)

= Festuca heterophylla var. vulpioides (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882)

= Festuca heterophylla var. weighartii Podp.; Kvetna Mor. Rakousk. Slezska 6: 157 (1926)

= Festuca longiseta Hegetschw. & Heer; J. Hegetschweiler-Bodmer, Fl. Schweiz: 92 (1840), nom. illeg.

= Festuca nemorosa Latourr.; Chlor. Lugd.: 3 (1785), nom. nud.

= Festuca nemorum Leyss.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 1: 368 (1783)

= Festuca nemorum var. villosum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 100 (1830)

= Festuca rubra subsp. heterophylla (Lam.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 406 (1881)

= Festuca rubra subsp. nemorum (Leyss.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 82 (1834)

= Festuca rubra subvar. leiophylla Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 131 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. vulpioides (Schur) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 131 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. diversifolia Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 103 (1837)

= Festuca rubra var. heterophylla (Lam.) Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa: 220 (1825)

= Festuca rubra var. heterophylla (Lam.) Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 102 (1837), isonym

= Festuca rubra var. leiophylla Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 131 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. longiseta Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 606 (1896)

= Festuca rubra var. subheterophylla Nyár.; Koloszv. Fl.: 77 (1941)

= Festuca transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 795 (1866), nom. inval.

= Festuca vulpioides Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 89 (1853), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. braun-blanquetii Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.; Itinera Geobot. 10: 321 (1997)

Distribution: N- & NE-Spain; S-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca braun-blanquetii (Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Loidi; Itinera Geobot. 13: 417 (1999)

species :

Festuca hieronymi Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53: 33 (1903)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, San Luis, Tucuman)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca erecta var. mutica Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 202 (1874)

variant :

var. expansa (St.-Yves) Nicora; Darwiniana 15: 242 (1969)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca hieronymi f. panicula-expansa Hack.

= Festuca hieronymi subvar. expansa St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 254 (1927)

species :

Festuca hintoniana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 67(9): 1292 (1982)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca hircina Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 82 (2015)

Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca hirtovaginata (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 100(1976)

Distribution: ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece

13 BUL GRC KOS NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula f. hirtovaginata Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 11 (1953)

species :

Festuca hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) Kerguélen; Cah. Naturalistes, n.s., 38: 6 (1982)

Distribution: England; France; Netherlands; Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, etc.)

10 GRB 11 GER NET 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group. Status uncertain, possibly only a variety of F. medioeuropaea (guestfalica auct.), in which case hirtula would take over as valid name for the whole species.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca capillata var. hirtula (Hack.) Druce; List Brit. Pl., ed. 2: 132 (1928)

= Festuca guestfalica subsp. hirtula (Hack.) Dengler; Kieler Not. Pflanzenk. Schleswig-Holstein Hamburg 25-26: 8 (1997-1998 publ. 1998)

= Festuca guestfalica var. hirtula (Hack.) Boeuf; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 100 (2022)

= Festuca ophioliticola subsp. hirtula (Hack.) Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 110 (1977)

= Festuca ovina subsp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J.Wilk.; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 20: 72 (1985)

= Festuca ovina subvar. hirtula Hack.; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 512 (1914)

= Festuca tenuifolia var. hirtula (Hack.) Howarth; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 13: 329 (1948)

species :

Festuca holubii Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 102 (2004)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Festuca hondae E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 86(1): 70 (1981), nom. nov.

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: Known only from the type, and perhaps no more than an extreme variant of Festuca ovina

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca formosana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obsc. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 83(5): 98 (1978), not Honda (1928).

= Festuca taiwanensis S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 537 (1992) [nom. nov.]

species :

Festuca hondoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 6: 151 (1937)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); Japan (Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca jacutica subsp. pobedimovae Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 91 (1973)

= Festuca rubra var. hondoensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 51 (1936)

species :

Festuca horridula Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 514 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca horvatiana Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 132(1976)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece

13 ALB GRC NMA

species :

Festuca huamachucensis Infantes; Revista Ci (Lima) 54: 107 (1952)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca hubsugulica Krivot.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 77 (1955)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Tuva); Mongolia

30 SIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sumneviczii Serg.; Sist. Zam. Mater. Gerb. Tomsk Gos Univ. 83: 9 (1965)

species :

Festuca humbertii Litard. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 15, 56 (1926)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Festuca humilior Nees & Meyen; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 1: 35 (1841)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija); Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, San Juan)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca buchtienii Hack.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 160 (1908)

= Festuca haenkei subsp. humilior (Nees & Meyen) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 206 (1927)

= Festuca haenkei var. humilior (Nees & Meyen) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 206 (1927)

= Festuca proxima R.E.Fr.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 4, 1(1): 184 (1905)

= Festuca scirpifolia subsp. buchtienii (Hack.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 227 (1927)

species :

Festuca huonii Auquier; Candollea 28: 16 (1973)

Distribution: NW-France (Bretagne); Channel Isl.

12 CIS FRA

species :

Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex Freder.; Bot. Not. 130(3): 273 (1977)

Name: Boreal fescue

Distribution: ?Iceland; Svalbard; N-European Russia; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Alaska; N-Greenland; W-Greenland; Canada (Canadian Arctic Isl., Yukon, N.W.T., Nunavut, N-Québec, Labrador, ?Newfoundland)

10 SVA 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL 72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. brevifolia Ostenf.; Meddel. Grenl. 64: 230 (1923) [non Hartm.]

= Festuca hyperborea Holmen; Meddel. Grönl. 124(9): 120 (1957) [nom. nud.]

species :

Festuca hypsophila Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile (1891) 89

Distribution: Bolivia (Potosí); Argentina (Jujuy); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama)

83 BOL 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca deserticola var. hypsophila (Phil.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 210 (1927)

species :

Festuca hystrix Boiss.; Elenchus 89 (1838)

Distribution: C-, E- & S-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca curvifolia Lag. ex Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1860: 51 (1861)

= Festuca duriuscula var. hystrix (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 671 (1844)

= Festuca hystrix f. longifolia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. curvifolia (Lag. ex Lange) Rivas Mart.; Fuente & Ortúñez, Itinera Geobot. 15: 701 (2002)

= Festuca indigesta var. hystrix (Boiss.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 94 (1861)

species :

Festuca idahoensis Elmer; Bot. Gaz. 36: 53 (1903)

Name: Idaho fescue

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, SW-Saskatchewan); USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, South Dakota)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystina subvar. idahoensis (Elmer) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 260 (1925)

= Festuca amethystina subvar. robusta St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 264 (1925)

= Festuca ingrata (Beal) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 608 (1905)

= Festuca ingrata var. nudata Rydb.; Bull. Colorado Agric. Exp. Sta. 100: 50 (1906)

= Festuca occidentalis var. ingrata (Beal) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 505 (1967)

= Festuca ovina subsp. ingrata (Beal) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 20 (1906)

= Festuca ovina subvar. robusta St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 260 (1925), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. columbiana Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 599 (1896)

= Festuca ovina var. ingrata Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 598 (1896)

species :

Festuca igoschiniae Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1254 (1971)

Distribution: E-European Russia (S-Urals)

14 RUS

species :

Festuca ilgazensis Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 56: 115, t. 1, f. 5 (1976)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca illyrica Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 151 (1972), without type, et Glasn. Zem. Muz. Bosne Herceg. Prir. Nauke, 11-12: 85 (1972-1973 publ. 1974)

Distribution: Croatia; ?Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB CRO NMA

species :

Festuca imbaburensis Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 100 (2004)

Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Festuca imperatrix Catonica; Pl. Biosystems 135(3): 275 (2001)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Festuca inarticulata Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 516 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca scirpifolia var. inarticulata (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 225 (1927)

species :

Festuca incurva (Gouan) Gutermann; Phyton (Horn) 54(2): 190 (2014)

Name: Borstenschwanzgras (DE); Bristletail grass (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, Judean Desert, N-Negev Desert, Rift Valley); Jordania (E-Jordania); Pakistan (Swat); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I])

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 32 TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Asprella aristata (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732 (1891)

= Asprella nardiformis Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 17 (1809), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Nardus aristata L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 78 (1762)

= Nardus incurva Gouan; Hort. Monsp. 33 (1762)

= Nardus monandra (Cav.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 438 (1825)

= Psilurus aristatus (L.) Duval-Jouve; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: 132 (1866)

= Psilurus aristatus f. hirtellus (Simonk.) Csürös; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 567 (1972)

= Psilurus aristatus subsp. erythrostachyos Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 767 (1902)

= Psilurus hirtellus Simonk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 344 (1888)

= Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell.; Viert. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 58: 40 (1913)

= Psilurus incurvus var. hirtellus (Simonk.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 767 (1901)

= Psilurus nardoides Trin.; Fund. Agrost.: 93 (1820), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Psilurus rottboellioides Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 95 (1851)

= Rottboellia monandra Cav.; Icon. 1: 27 (1791)

species :

Festuca incurvatifolia C.Chatel., Dobignard, Jeanm. & J.-F.Léger; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 1: 424 (2010)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Festuca indigesta Boiss.; Elenchus 91 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. indigesta

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. Nevada, Sa. de Gádor, Sa. de las Nieves)

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. indigesta (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 671 (1844)

= Festuca ovina subsp. indigesta (Boiss.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 99 (1882)

= Festuca saxifraga Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 38 (1891)

subspecies :

subsp. alleizettei (Litard.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 158 (1975)

Distribution: SW-France (C-Pyrenees)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. alleizettei Litard.; Candollea 10: 125 (1945)

subspecies :

subsp. infesta (Hack. ex Batt. & Trab.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 213 (1895)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca infesta Hack. ex Batt. & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 347 (1888), nom. nud.

species :

Festuca inguschetica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(3): 106 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Festuca inops De Not.; Repert. Fl. Ligust. 500 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. inops

Distribution: NE-Spain; SE-France; SW-France; Italy (N- & C-Appennini, Alpi Apuane); San Marino

12 FRA SPA 13 ITA SMA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. gracilior (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890)

= Festuca duriuscula var. gracilior (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 213 (1913)

= Festuca glauca var. gracilior (Hack.) Soó; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 2, Sporov. Rast. 2: 193 (1955)

= Festuca gracilior (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

= Festuca michaelis Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Fl. Medit. 11: 363 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subsp. gracilior (Hack.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 354 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. gracilior Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 90 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. inops (De Not.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. gracilior (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 332 (1908)

= Festuca ovina var. tarraconensis Litard.; Candollea 10: 121 (1945)

= Festuca tarraconensis (Litard.) Romo; Willdenowia 16(1): 115 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. occitanica (Litard.) Mart.-Sagarra, E.López & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 264 (2020)

Distribution: NE-Spain; SE-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula f. tanarii St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 50 (1913)

= Festuca duriuscula var. tanarii (St.-Yves) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 337 (1968)

= Festuca occitanica (Litard.) Auquier & Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 39 (1975)

= Festuca occitanica subsp. martinii Kerguélen; Lejeunia 110: 60 (1983)

= Festuca ovina subsp. occitanica (Litard.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 354 (2001)

= Festuca ovina var. occitanica Litard.; Candollea 10: 122 (1945)

= Festuca pignattiorum Markgr.-Dann.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 116: 94 (1982 publ. 1983)

subspecies :

subsp. valentina (St.-Yves) Mart.-Sagarra, E.López & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 262 (2020)

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. valentina (St.-Yves) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 96 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Festuca ovina var. valentina St.-Yves; Candollea 10: 120 (1945)

= Festuca valentina (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76(4): 328 (1978)

species :

Festuca intercedens (Hack.) Lüdi ex Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 50: 388 (1940)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Slovenia

11 AUT SWI 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: halleri agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alpina var. intercedens Hack.; Schroet. & Jäggi, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 2: 98 (1892)

= Festuca ovina var. intercedens Hack.; Stebler & Schroet., Schweizer Gräsersamml.: no. 173 (1884)

species :

Festuca iranica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Isp. Prirod. Biol. 82: 101 (1977)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Festuca irtyshensis E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 28 (1976)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Festuca itelmenorum Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 51: 7 (2020)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)

31 RFE

species :

Festuca jacutica Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 163 (1915)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca jacutica subsp. nutans (Malyschev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

= Festuca jacutica var. nutans Malyschev; Visokog. Fl. Vost. Sayana: 70 (1955)

= Festuca malyschevii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol., et in Fl. Sibir. (Poaceae) 92(5): 127 (1987) 2: 152 (1990), nom. nov.

= Festuca rubra var. mucronulata St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 403 (1928)

species :

Festuca jaliscana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1493 (1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca jansenii Markgr.-Dann. ex P.Royen; Alpine Fl. New Guinea 2: 1053 (1979)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Festuca japonica Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 83 (1906)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca fauriei Hack.; Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 18: 348 (1908)

species :

Festuca javorkae Májovský; Acta Fac. Rer. Nat. Univ. Comen. Bot. 7: 325 (1962)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary

11 AUT HUN SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca majovskyi Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 204 (1983), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Festuca jeanpertii (St.-Yves) Markgr.; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 3: 276 (1933)

subspecies :

subsp. jeanpertii

Name: Jeanpert-Schwingel (DE); Jeanperts Fescue (EN)

Distribution: C- & S-Greece; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

13 GRC 34 EAI SYR TUR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca heldreichii (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(3): 105 (1973)

= Festuca laevis var. jeanpertii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 42 (1924)

= Festuca ovina subvar. heldreichii Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 109 (1882)

= Festuca ujhelyii Penksza & Böcker; Bot. Közlem. 89(1-2): 31, 29 (2002), nom. inval. without type

subspecies :

subsp. achaica (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

Distribution: S-Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca heldreichii subsp. achaica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 128(1976)

subspecies :

subsp. campana (N.Terracc.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

Distribution: S-Italy; Croatia; Albania

13 ALB CRO ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. campana N.Terracc.; Terra Lavoro: 195 (1872)

= Festuca laevis subsp. campana (N.Terracc.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. campana (N.Terracc.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 109 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. gracilis (Hack.) Raus; Willdenowia 43(2): 246 (2013)

Distribution: Greece; Crete

13 GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca circummediterranea var. gracilis (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 125 (1976)

= Festuca laevis subsp. gracilis (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. gracilis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 108 (1882)

species :

Festuca jubata Lowe; Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 6: 530 (1838)

Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.)

21 AZO MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca glauca var. longearistata Hochst. ex Seub.; Fl. Azor.: 20 (1840)

species :

Festuca junatovii E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 20 (1976)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang?)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca juncifolia St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. 40 (1821)

Name: Binsenblättriger Schwingel

Distribution: England; Netherlands; Belgium; N-Spain; France; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Magallanes [I])

10 GRB 11 BGM NET 12 FRA SPA 85 arg cle

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ammophyla Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 105 (1824)

= Festuca arenaria f. glabrata Leb. ex Godr.; Gren. & Gord., Fl. France 3: 574 (1856)

= Festuca arenaria var. glabrata Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3(2): 575 (1856)

= Festuca arenaria var. halmyris (Mabille) Husn.; Graminées: 63 (1898)

= Festuca arenaria var. sabulicola (Dufour) Husn.; Graminées: 63 (1898)

= Festuca dumetorum var. glabrata (Godr.) Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 48 (1933)

= Festuca dumetorum var. halmyris (Mabille) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882)

= Festuca glauca var. sabulicola (Dufour) Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae: 112 (1839)

= Festuca halmyris Mabille; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 25: 511 (1864)

= Festuca juncifolia f. glabrata (Lebel ex Godr.) Auquier; Lejeunia, n.s., 57: 16 (1971)

= Festuca oraria var. halmyris (Mabille) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 645 (1894)

= Festuca rubra f. glabrata (Lebel ex Godr.) Litard.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55: 125 (1923)

= Festuca rubra subsp. juncifolia (St.-Amans) Litard.; Candollea 10: 110 (1945)

= Festuca rubra var. arenaria Le Gall; Fl. Morbihan: 737 (1852), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. dumetorum Besnou & Lachénée; Cat. Rais. Pl. Vasc. Env. Cherbourg: 191 (1862)

= Festuca rubra var. sabulicola (Dufour) Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae: 112 (1839)

= Festuca sabulicola Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 85 (1825), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca kamtschatica (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 412 (1976)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. kamtschatica (St.-Yves) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. Raionakh SSSR: 151 (1985)

= Festuca ovina var. kamtschatica St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 365 (1928)

= Festuca pseudosulcata subsp. kamtschalica (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1255 (1971)

species :

Festuca kansuensis Markgr.-Dann.; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 19(1-4): 207 (1973)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca karabaghensis Mussajev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(1): 94 (1987), nom. nov.

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE NCS

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia var. caucasica St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 129 (1924)

= Festuca woronowii subsp. caucasica (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Ovsyanitsy Kavkaza: 74 (1980)

= Festuca woronowii subsp. caucasica (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 208 (1981), isonym

species :

Festuca karaginensis Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 48: 53 (2017)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)

31 RFE

species :

Festuca karavaevii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 84(5): 122 (1979)

Distribution: Siberia (Yakutia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca karsiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. PRir., Biol. 78(3): 108 (1973)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; NE-Turkey

33 GEO 34 TUR

species :

Festuca kashmiriana Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 351 (1896)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan); Tibet; Pakistan (Deosai, Gilgit, Kurram, Swat); NW-India (Lahul, Ladakh, Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir)

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula Duthie; Grass. N. W. India 41 (1883), non L., 1753

= Festuca kashmiriana var. ligulata Stapf; Fl. Brit. India 7: 351 (1897)

= Festuca rubra subsp. kashmiriana (Stapf) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 395 (1928)

species :

Festuca kemerovensis Chus.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 88(7): 92 (2003)

Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca kerneri J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 111 (1923), pro hybr.

Name: Kerner-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany; Austria; etc.

11 AUT GER

Remarks: ovina agg., ovina group. Described as a hybrid but a true species in the ovina group fide Boeuf et al. 2022.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×zobelii Wein; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 19 (1909)

species :

Festuca killickii Kenn.-O´Byrne; Kew Bull. 16: 461 (1963)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

species :

Festuca kolymensis Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 155 (1915)

Distribution: Siberia (Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan)

30 SIB 31 RFE

species :

Festuca komarovii Krivot.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 80 (1955)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk); Mongolia

30 SIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sibirica var. planifolia Roshev.; Fl. Zabaical. 1: 87 (1929)

species :

Festuca korabensis (Jáv. ex Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: NW-North Macedonia; E-Albania

13 ALB NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca violacea var. korabensis Jáv. ex Markgr.-Dann.; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 11-12: 81 (1972-1973 publ. 1974)

species :

Festuca koritnicensis Hayek & J.Vetter; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl. (Wien) 99: 220 (1924)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece

13 ALB BIH GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca heteroglossa J.Vetter; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 57: 130 (1950) pro parte

species :

Festuca kozanensis Foggi & Joch.Müll.; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005), nom. nov.

Distribution: W-North Macedonia; Greece

13 GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rechingeri Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 166 (1976), non E. B. Alexeev (1975)

species :

Festuca kozhevnikovii Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 51: 10 (2020)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur)

31 RFE

species :

Festuca krivotulenkoae E.B.Alexeev; Ovsyanitsy Kavkaza: 64 (1980)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkariya)

33 NCS

species :

Festuca kryloviana Reverd.; Animadvers. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk., No. 2, p. 3 (1927)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); E-Kazakhstan (Tarbagatai Mountains); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Hebei, Xinjiang); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca kryloviana f. angustifolia Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 3 (1927)

= Festuca kryloviana f. aristata Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 4 (1927)

= Festuca kryloviana f. glabra Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 4 (1927)

= Festuca kryloviana f. subbarbata Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 4 (1927)

= Festuca kryloviana f. subvillosa Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 4 (1927)

= Festuca kryloviana f. tenuis Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 2: 3 (1927)

= Festuca ovina var. bungeana St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 41 (1924)

species :

Festuca kuprijanovii Chus.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 83(11): 113 (1998)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai)

30 SIB

Remarks: ovina agg., known only from type locality

species :

Festuca kurtschumica E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 24 (1976)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk); E-Kazakhstan (Altai); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia (Altai)

30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

species :

Festuca kurtziana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 201, f. 31 (1927)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro); Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule)

85 ARG CLE

species :

Festuca lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 3: 1050 (1829)

Name: Kies-Dünnschwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (+Baden-Württemberg, Bayern [I]); Switzerland; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains)

11 GER SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 BUL GRC ITA KOS SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR 21 MDR 34 CYP EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron halleri (Viv.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 20 (1830)

= Agropyron poa (Lam. & DC.) Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 193 (1827)

= Agropyron tenuiculum (Loisel.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1840)

= Brachypodium festucoides (Bertol.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 101, 155, 180 (1812) non Link

= Brachypodium halleri (Viv.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 101 (1812)

= Brachypodium nardus (DC.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 101, 155, 180 (1812)

= Brachypodium poa Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 746 (1817)

= Brachypodium tenellum (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 101 (1812)

= Brachypodium tenuiculum (Loisel.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 744 (1817)

= Catapodium halleri (Viv.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 140 (1831)

= Catapodium halleri var. aristatum (Tausch) Gaut.; Cat. Fl. Corbières: 325 (1912)

= Catapodium halleri var. elongatum (Tausch) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 303 (1913)

= Catapodium halleri var. pauciflorum (Asch. & Graebn.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 303 (1913)

= Catapodium halleri var. ramosum (W.D.J.Koch) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 303 (1913)

= Catapodium halleri var. tenuiculum (Loisel.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 431 (1846), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Catapodium tenellum (L.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 232 (1895)

= Catapodium tenellum var. aristatum (Tausch) Husn.; Graminées: 68 (1898)

= Catapodium tenellum var. aristatum (Tausch) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 212 (1955), isonym

= Catapodium tenellum var. barbatum (Desv.) Breistr. ex Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 124: 340 (1977)

= Catapodium tenellum var. muticum (Tausch) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 79 (1931)

= Catapodium tenellum var. tenuiculum (Loisel.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Isère 61: 608 (1947), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Catapodium tenellum var. tenuiculum (Loisel.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 118 (1975), isonym

= Festuca festucoides (Bertol.) Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 38: 153 (1929)

= Festuca gracilis Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 129 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Festuca lachenalii subsp. tenuicula (Loisel.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 109 (1890)

= Festuca lachenalii var. aristata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 935 (1844)

= Festuca lachenalii var. mutica Tourlet; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 79 (1908)

= Festuca lachenalii var. pauciflora Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 539 (1900)

= Festuca lachenalii var. ramosa W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 935 (1844)

= Festuca maritima var. nardus (Raspail) Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 90, f. 630 (1834)

= Festuca nardus (DC.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 445 (1825)

= Festuca poa (Lam. & DC.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 129 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Festuca poa (Lam. & DC.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 445 (1825)

= Festuca poa var. aristata (Tausch) Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit.: 19 (1849)

= Festuca poa var. elatior Martrin-Donos; Fl. Tarn: 817 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Festuca poa var. mutica Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 842 (1861)

= Festuca poa var. ramosa Boreau; Fl. Centre France 2: 530 (1840)

= Festuca poa var. ramosa Delastre; Fl. Vienne: 492 (1842)

= Festuca poa var. tenuicula (Loisel.) Delastre; Fl. Vienne: 492 (1842), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca poa var. triticiformis N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe: 321 (1838)

= Festuca tenella (L.) Chaub. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 633 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca tenella var. linneana Chaub.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 1: 42 (1833), nom. inval.

= Festuca tenella var. subpaniculata Chaub.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 1: 42 (1833)

= Festuca tenella var. tenuicula (Loisel.) Chaub.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 1: 42 (1833), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca tenuicula (Loisel.) Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 146 (1827)

= Festucaria tenuicula (Loisel.) Link; Linnaea 17: 398 (1844)

= Micropyrum tenellum (L.) Link; Linnaea 17: 398 (1843)

= Micropyrum tenellum f. aristatum (Tausch) Lambinon; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 21: 68 (1986)

= Micropyrum tenellum f. muticum (Tausch) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 370 (2001)

= Micropyrum tenellum var. aristatum (Tausch) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 567 (1949)

= Micropyrum tenellum var. barbatum (Desv.) D.Rivera & M.A.Carreras; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 13: 26 (1987)

= Nardurus festucoides (Bertol.) Braun-Blanq.; 77 (1933)

= Nardurus halleri (Viv.) Fiori; Fiori & Paol., 96 (1896)

= Nardurus halleri (Viv.) Rchb.; Agrostogr. Germ., ed. 2: 34 (1850)

= Nardurus lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 3: 187 (1844)

= Nardurus lachenalii subsp. halleri (Viv.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 799 (1882)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. aristatus (Tausch) Boiss. ex Merino; Fl. Galicia 3: 405 (1909), isonym

= Nardurus lachenalii var. aristatus (Tausch) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 115 (1861)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. longipes F.Gérard; Magnier, Scrin. Fl. Select. 8: 154 (1889)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. maximus Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 1: 58 (1860)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. tenuiculum (Loisel.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 843 (1882), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Nardurus maritimus var. muticus (W.D.J.Koch) De Langhe; De Langhe & al., 691 (1967)

= Nardurus morisonii Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 385 (1909)

= Nardurus poa (Lam. & DC.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Nardurus poa var. aristatus (Tausch) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Nardurus poa var. aristatus (Tausch) Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 483 (1850), isonym

= Nardurus tenellus (L.) Duval-Jouve; 132 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Nardurus tenellus (L.) Rchb. ex Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 3: 187 (1844)

= Nardurus tenellus var. aristatus (Tausch) Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3(2): 616 (1856)

= Nardurus tenuiculmis Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 17: 189 (1869)

= Prosphysis tenella (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes -Pyrénées: 68 (1867)

= Triticum festuca DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 87 (1805)

= Triticum festucoides Bertol.; Amoen. Ital.: 122 (1819)

= Triticum halleri var. aristatum (Tausch) Döll; Fl. Baden: 127 (1855)

= Triticum halleri Viv.; Fl. Ital. Fragm.: 24 (1808)

= Triticum lachenalii C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 291 (1805)

= Triticum lolioides Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 110 (1805)

= Triticum lolioides var. aristatum Tausch; Flora 20: 116 (1837)

= Triticum lolioides var. elongatum Tausch; Flora 20: 116 (1837)

= Triticum lolioides var. muticum Tausch; Flora 20: 116 (1837)

= Triticum nardus DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 87 (1805), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum nardus var. molle Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 367 (1828)

= Triticum nardus var. pubescens Loisel. ex Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa: 31 (1825)

= Triticum poa Lam. & DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 86 (1805)

= Triticum tenellum L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 880 (1759)

= Triticum tenellum var. barbatum Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers: 71 (1818)

= Triticum tenellum var. muticum Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers: 71 (1818), nom. inval.

= Triticum tenuiculum Loisel.; J. Bot. (Paris) 2: 219 (1809)

= Vulpia lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) Heynh.; Nom. Bot. Hort.: 853 (1840)

species :

Festuca ladyginii Tzvelev; Trudy Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 165 (1968)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Festuca laegaardii Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 107 (109) (2004)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Festuca laevigata Gaudin; Alpina 3: 60 (1808)

Name: Glatter Schwingel, Glatter Schaf-Schwingel, Krumm-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; NW-Italy

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea subsp. crassifolia (Gaudin) Stohr; Feddes Repert. 88(7-8): 418 (1977)

= Festuca cinerea subsp. curvula (Gaudin) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 534 (1972)

= Festuca cinerea var. curvula (Gaudin) Stöhr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe: 401 (1960)

= Festuca crassifolia (Gaudin) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

= Festuca curvula Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 239 (1811)

= Festuca curvula subsp. crassifolia (Gaudin) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. crassifolia (Gaudin) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. curvula (Gaudin) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 80 (1834)

= Festuca duriuscula var. crassifolia (Gaudin) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 337 (1968), no basionym ref.

= Festuca duriuscula var. curvula (Gaudin) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 649 (1823)

= Festuca duriuscula var. curvula Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 38 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. laevigata (Gaudin) Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 251 (1811)

= Festuca duriuscula var. longifolia Bouvier; Fl. Alpes Suisse Savoie: 757 (1878)

= Festuca duriuscula var. oliganthos Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 251 (1811)

= Festuca duriuscula var. polyanthos Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 251 (1811)

= Festuca duriuscula var. subalpina Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 251 (1811)

= Festuca duriuscula var. vulgaris Bouvier; Fl. Alpes Suisse Savoie: 757 (1878)

= Festuca glauca subvar. curvula (Gaudin) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 278 (1932)

= Festuca glauca var. crassifolia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 287 (1828)

= Festuca glauca var. curvula (Gaudin) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 790 (1866)

= Festuca glauca var. laevigata (Gaudin) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 38 (1830)

= Festuca glauca var. macrophylla (St.-Yves) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 337 (1968)

= Festuca glauca var. pungens Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 38 (1830), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca glauca var. subalpina Gaudin & Monnard; Syn. Fl. Helv.: 68 (1836)

= Festuca laevigata Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse: 24 (1811), nom. illeg.

= Festuca laevigata subsp. crassifolia (Gaudin) Kerguélen & Plonka; Lejeunia, 142: 15 (1993)

= Festuca ovina f. curvula (Gaudin) Wigand; 337 (1859)

= Festuca ovina subsp. curvula (Gaudin) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 353 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. crassifolia (Gaudin) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. macrophylla St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 78 (1914)

= Festuca ovina var. crassifolia (Gaudin) Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 49 (1933)

= Festuca ovina var. curvula (Gaudin) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 354 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. curvula (Gaudin) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 353 (2001)

= Festuca sulcata var. crassifolia (Gaudin) E.G.Camus; Cat. Pl. France, Suisse, Belg.: 305 (1887)

species :

Festuca lahonderei Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. s. 19: 18 (1988)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca lambinonii Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 110: 59 (1983), nom. nov.

Distribution: C-, N- & E-Spain; Andorra; France

12 ADO FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca longifolia subsp. rivas-martinezii (Fuente & Ortúñez) Cebolla, López Rodr. & Rivas Ponce; Fontqueria 49: 34 (1997)

= Festuca marginata subsp. alopecuroides (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. alopecuroides Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 108 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. platyphylla St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 41 (1924)

= Festuca rectifolia (Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.) Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Candollea 58(1): 210 (2003)

= Festuca rivas-martinezii Fuente & Ortúñez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 114(1): 25 (1994)

= Festuca rivas-martinezii subsp. rectifolia Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.; Itinera Geobor. 10: 320 (1997)

species :

Festuca lanatifolia Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 22 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca lanifera E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1246 (1985)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

Conservation Status: Known only from type

species :

Festuca lapidosa (Degen) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jahrb. 96: 271 (1975)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. lapidosa Degen; Fl. Veleb. 1: 546 (1936), non Festuca cinerea var. lapidosa Stohr

species :

Festuca lasiorrhachis Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 508 (1906)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca laeteviridis var. lasiorrhachis (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 239 (1927)

species :

Festuca lazistanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Isp. Prirod. Biol. 83 5: 98 (1978)

Distribution: Armenia; NE-Turkey

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca lazistanica subsp. giresunica Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 206 (1981)

species :

Festuca lemanii Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine Loire 36 (1809)

Name: Leman-Schwingel, Leman-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: England; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz); NE-Spain; France

10 GRB 11 BGM GER LUX 12 FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg., heteropachys group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca bastardii Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. s. 19: 16 (1988)

= Festuca duriuscula var. cinerea Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa: 21 (1825), nom. inval.

= Festuca duriuscula var. lemanii (Bastard) Doumenjou; Herb. Montagne Noire: 303 (1847)

= Festuca lemanii var. ciliata Lej.; Fl. Spa 2: 292 (1813)

= Festuca ourtana Lej.; Fl. Spa 1: 57 (1811)

= Festuca ovina f. lemanii (T.Bastard) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. lemanii (T.Bastard) Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina var. lemanii (Bastard) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 829 (1882)

= Festuca prasina Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 102 (1824)

= Festuca rubra var. lemanii (Bastard) Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 165 (1827)

species :

Festuca lenensis Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 158 (1915)

Name: Tundra fescue

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Mongolia; Alaska; Canada (Northern Territories, Yukon)

30 SIB 31 RFE 37 MON 70 ASK CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca lenensis var. villosula Kozhevn.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 59: 511 (1974)

species :

Festuca leptopogon Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 354 (1896)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan (Chitral); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Darjeeling); peninsular Malaysia; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.

36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 42 JAW LSI MLY PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca subulata var. leptopogon (Stapf ) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 450 (1928)

= Festuca takasagoensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., ii.163 (1933)

species :

Festuca levingei Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 352 (1896)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); N-Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

34 AFG 40 IND PAK

species :

Festuca ligulata Swallen; Am. J. Bot. 19: 436 (1932)

Name: Guadalupe fescue

Distribution: USA (W-Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León)

77 USA 79 MEX

species :

Festuca ligustica (All.) Bertol.; Opusc. Sci. 1(1): 64 (1817)

Name: Ligurischer Federschwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Turkey (W-Anatolia)

11 ger 12 COR FRA SAR 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI NMA PEL PTL SIC TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus ligusticus All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 249 (1785)

= Bromus ligusticus var. major Savi; Bot. Etrusc. 1: 75 (1808)

= Festuca ligustica (All.) C.Presl; 20 (1818), isonym

= Festuca ligustica var. hispidula (Parl.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 554 (1901)

= Festuca stipoides var. intermedia Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 85, f. 513 (1834)

= Festuca stipoides var. ligustica (All.) Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central: 98 (1847)

= Loretia ligustica (All.) Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), II 2: 43 (1880)

= Vulpia hispidula De Not. ex Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 429 (1850), pro syn.

= Vulpia ligustica (All.) Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 148 (1827)

= Vulpia ligustica subsp. hispidula (De Not. ex Parl.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 795 (1882)

= Vulpia ligustica var. hispidula Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 429 (1850)

= Zerna ligustica (All.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1249 (1895)

species :

Festuca lilloi Hack.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 17: 300 (1913)-1914

Distribution: Bolivia (Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca lilloi var. breviaristata Türpe; Darwiniana 15: 231, f. 13 (1969)

= Festuca setifolia Steud. ex Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 203 (1874)

= Festuca setifolia Steud. ex Lechl.; Berberid. Amer. Austral. 56 (1857) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca setifolia var. lilloi (Hack.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 217 (1927)

= Festuca tucumanica E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 349 (1984)

species :

Festuca linigluma J.C.Ospina, Sylvester & M.D.P.V.Sylvester; Syst. Bot. 41(3): 736 (2016)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia; NW-Argentina

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

species :

Festuca litardiereana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 22: 323 (1931)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia litardiereana (Maire) A.Camus; Riv. Scient. 21: 44 (1934)

= Vulpia litardiereana var. glabrivaginata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942), nom. inval.

= Vulpia litardiereana var. pubivaginata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942)

species :

Festuca litvinovii (Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 31 (1976)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pseudosulcata subsp. litvinovii (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca pseudosulcata var. litvinovii Tzvelev; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 170 (1968)

species :

Festuca livida (Kunth) Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. 1: 353 (1825)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico State, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus lividus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 150 (1816)

= Festuca cacuminis Hemsl. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 62 (1885), nom. nud.

= Festuca grandiflora Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 311 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Helleria livida (Kunth) E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 582 (1885)

= Hellerochloa livida (Kunth) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 561 (1982)

= Schedonorus lividus (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 707 (1817)

species :

Festuca liviensis (Verg.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76(4): 327 (1978)

Distribution: NE-Spain (NE-Pyrenees); Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea var. liviensis (Verg.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 89(Sess. Extr.): 77 (1962)

= Festuca ovina subsp. liviensis (Verg.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 96 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Festuca ovina var. liviensis Verg.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 180 (1928)

species :

Festuca longiauriculata Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.; Parlatorea 3: 67 (1999)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sierras Beticas orientales)

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca longifolia Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 50 (1799)

Name: Langblättriger Schwingel, Langblättriger Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: E-England; N- & NC-France; Channel Isl.; Australia [I] (Tasmania [I])

10 GRB 12 CIS FRA 50 aus

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group. Reports from NW-Germany are most probably wrong.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca caesia Sm.; Engl. Bot.: t. 1917 (1808)

= Festuca caesia var. subpubescens Zapal.; 174 (1905)

= Festuca cinerea subsp. caesia (Sm.) Stöhr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 403 (1960)

= Festuca duriuscula subvar. longifolia (Thuill.) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 213 (1913)

= Festuca duriuscula var. caesia (Sm.) Husn.; Graminées: 61 (1898)

= Festuca duriuscula var. longifolia (Thuill.) Holandre; Fl. Moselle: 45 (1829)

= Festuca glauca subsp. caesia (Hack.) O.Schwarz; 87 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Festuca glauca subsp. caesia (Sm.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 95 (1890)

= Festuca glauca var. caesia (Sm.) Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 35 (1927)

= Festuca glauca var. caesia (Sm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 829 (1882)

= Festuca longifolia f. villosa (Schrad.) Dore; Nat. Canad., 103(6): 560 (1976)

= Festuca ovina f. longiaristata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina f. villosa (Schrad.) Jansen; Fl. Neerl. 1(2): 47 (1951)

= Festuca ovina subsp. caesia (Sm.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 351 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. caesia (Sm.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. subvillosa Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. villosa (Schrad.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. caesia (Sm.) Sm.; Engl. Fl. 1: 139 (1824)

= Festuca ovina var. glaucescens G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 619 (1836), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca ovina var. longifolia (Thuill.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 470 (1900)

= Festuca glauca var. longifolia (Thuill.) Loisel.; Fl. Gall.: 57 (1806)

= Festuca ovina var. villosa Schrad.; Fl. Germ.: 320 (1806)

= Festuca pallens var. longifolia (Thuill.) Pohl; 103 (1809)

species :

Festuca longigluma Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 27 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca longiglumis S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 531-533, f. 2 (1992)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca longiligula Darbysh.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 827 ) (2007)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca longipanicula Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 204, t. 2, f. 6 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca longipes Stapf; Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 721 (1900)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca costata var. fascicularis Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 447 (1841)

species :

Festuca longivaginata Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 34 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca loricata (Griseb.) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 515 (1906)

Distribution: Argentina (Salta, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dissitiflora subsp. loricata (Griseb.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 247 (1927)

= Festuca dissitiflora var. loricata Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 287 (1879)

species :

Festuca luciarum Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 343 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (North Isl.)

51 NZL

species :

Festuca lucida Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 355 (1896)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

species :

Festuca lugens (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. ex Hern.-Xol.; Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico, No. 23, 165 (1958)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Honduras

79 MEX 80 HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca mirabilis Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 47 (1906)

= Uniola lugens E.Fourn.; Mex. Pl. Enum., Gram. 123 (1886)

species :

Festuca macedonica J.Vetter; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 547 (1939)

Distribution: NE-Greece

13 GRC

species :

Festuca macra (Stapf) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71: 1116 (1986)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca caprina var. macra Stapf; W. H. Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 720 (1900)

species :

Festuca macrophylla Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 434 (1850)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Festuca madida Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 345 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (North Isl., South Isl.); Antipodes Isl.; Campbell Isl.

51 ATP NZL 91 CMP

species :

Festuca magellanica Lam.; Encyc. 2: 461 (1788), Tabl. 1: 189

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes); Falkland Isl.

85 ARG CLE 91 FAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Cynosurus magellanicus (Lam.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 446 (1825)

= Festuca hystricola (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 352 (1984)

= Festuca magensiana Potztal; Willdenowia 2: 166 (1958)

= Festuca ovina subsp. hystricola Hack.; Ark. Bot. 7(1): 10 (1907)

= Festuca ovina subsp. magellanica (Lam.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 163 (1927)

= Festuca ovina subvar. dusenii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 162 (1927)

= Festuca ovina var. antarctica Hack.; P. K. H. Dusén, Ergebn. Schwed. Exp. Magell. 3(5): 228 (1900)

= Festuca ovina var. lamarckiana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 163 (1927)

= Festuca ovina var. magellanica (Lam.) Hack.; P. K. H. Dusén, Ergebn. Schwed. Exp. Magell. 3(5): 228 (1900)

= Festuca ovina var. wilczekii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 168 (1927)

= Festuca rubra subsp. corcovadensis St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 291 (1927)

species :

Festuca magniflora E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(3): 351 (1984), nom. nov.

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pallescens var. grandiflora Parodi; Revista Argent. Bot. 20(4): 211 (1953) [non Steud. 1854]

species :

Festuca makutrensis Zapal.; Kosmos (Lwów) 35: 783 (1910)

Name: Makutrenser Schwingel, Makutrenser Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: SE-Poland; NW-Ukraine

11 POL 14 UKR

Remarks: ovina agg. Probably a subspecies of F. rupicola. Not in Russia, Belarus, Germany or SW-Poland fide Bednarska et al.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. makutrensis (Zapal.) Kozlowska; Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1925: 341 (1925)

= Festuca valesiaca var. makutrensis (Zapal.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 42 (1972)

species :

Festuca maleschevica Velchev & P.Vassil.; Phytol. Balcan. 8(2): 187 (2002)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Festuca marcopetrii Veldkamp; Blumea 41(1): 219 (1996)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Festuca marginata (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. marginata

Name: Herviers Blauschwingel, Französischer Schafschwingel

Distribution: Belgium; NE-Spain (Pyrenees); France

11 BGM 12 FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. laevis P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 80 (1934), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. marginata (Hack.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 80 (1934)

= Festuca laevis subsp. marginata (Hack.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 587 (1928)

= Festuca marginata subsp. timbalii (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subsp. marginata (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 211 (1913)

= Festuca ovina subsp. timbalii (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. timbalii Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 108 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. marginata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 108 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. timbalii (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 212 (1913)

= Festuca timbalii (Hack.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 110: 61 (1983)

subspecies :

subsp. andresmolinae Fuente & Ortúñez; Bot. Complut. 118: 107 (1993)

Distribution: C-Spain; E-Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. gallica (Hack.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110: 79 (1966) ex Ardenghi & Foggi, Phytotaxa 313(3): 289 (2017)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. gallica (Hack.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 80 (1935)

= Festuca hervieri (St.-Yves) Patzke; Decheniana 114: 213 (1962)

= Festuca laevis subsp. gallica (Hack.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 587 (1928)

= Festuca laevis var. gallica (Hack. ex Charrel) Lenoble; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Départ. Drôme: 489 (1936)

= Festuca laevis var. hervieri (St.-Yves) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 587 (1928), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca marginata subsp. gallica (Hack. ex Charrel) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(Sess. Extr.): 79 (1966)

= Festuca ovina subvar. hervieri St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55: 105 (1923)

= Festuca ovina var. gallica (Hack.) St.-Yves ex Litard.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55: 105 (1923)

= Festuca ovina var. gallica Charrel; Bull. Trim. Soc. Bot. Géol. Var et Corse 1920: 7 (1920)

= Festuca ovina var. gallica Hack.; Exsicc. (Soc. Étude Fl. Franç.-Helv.) 1895: no. 569 (1895)

species :

Festuca maritima L.; Sp. Pl.: 75 (1753)

Name: Strand-Federschwingel (DE)

Distribution: England; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany [I]; Switzerland; +Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece; European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (La Palma); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan, Takhar); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Pakistan (Quetta); NW-India

10 GRB 11 BGM ger LUX SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA 14 RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron hispanicum (Reichard) C.Presl; Gram. Sicul.: 22 (1818)

= Agropyron nardus Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 195 (1827), pro syn.

= Agropyron unilaterale (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 102 (1812)

= Brachypodium biunciale (Vill.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 746 (1817)

= Brachypodium hispanicum (Rchb.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 140 (1831)

= Brachypodium montanum (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 426 (1855)

= Brachypodium psilanthum Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 193 (1833), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Brachypodium tenellum var. tenuiculum J.Woods; Tourist´s Fl.: 417 (1850)

= Brachypodium tenuiflorum (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 745 (1817)

= Brachypodium unilaterale (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 155 (1812)

= Brachypodium unilaterale var. tenuiflorus (Schrad.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 426 (1855)

= Catapodium montanum (Boiss. & Reut.) Laínz; Anales Inst. Forest. Invest. 10: 49 (1967)

= Catapodium unilaterale (L.) Griseb.; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 347 (1852)

= Festuca divaricata Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 629 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca krausei Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 594 (1880)

= Festuca lolioides Trin. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca maritima var. biuncialis (Vill.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 541 (1900)

= Festuca maritima var. hispanica (Reichard) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 541 (1900)

= Festuca maritima var. mutica (W.D.J.Koch) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 541 (1900)

= Festuca maritima var. psilurus Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 90, f. 634-635 (1834)

= Festuca montana (Boiss. & Reut.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 302 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Festuca poa var. aristata Boreau; Fl. Centre France 2: 530 (1840)

= Festuca smithii Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 133 (1829), nom. nud.

= Festuca tenella var. aristata Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 125 (1837)

= Festuca tenuiflora Schrad.; Fl. Germ.: 345 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Festuca tenuiflora var. aristata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 809 (1837)

= Festuca tenuiflora var. biuncialis (Vill.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 809 (1838)

= Festuca tenuiflora var. mutica W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 809 (1838)

= Festuca tenuiflora var. pubescens (Lej.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 1: 88 (1828)

= Festuca unilateralis (L.) Schrad.; Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1814: 2 (1814)

= Festuca unilateralis subsp. maritima (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 110 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Festuca unilateralis var. aristata Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 180 (1855)

= Festuca unilateralis var. minor Chaub.; Bory & Chaub., Nouv. Fl. Pélop.: 6 (1838)

= Festuca unilateralis var. montana (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 181 (1855)

= Festuca unilateralis var. mutica Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 181 (1855)

= Festuca unilateralis var. subpaniculata (Mutel) Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 124 (1837)

= Festucaria psilantha (Link) Link; Linnaea 17: 398 (1844)

= Nardurus elegans Drobow; Fl. Uzbekist., ed. Schreder 1: 262, 539 (1941)

= Nardurus gandogeri Gredilla; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 29: 146 (1900)

= Nardurus krausei (Regel) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 540 (1934)

= Nardurus lachenalii subsp. hispanicum Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 800 (1882)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. aristatus (Boiss.) Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3(2): 617 (1856)

= Nardurus lachenalii var. hispanicum Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 82 (1869)

= Nardurus maritimus (L.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 36(2

= Nardurus maritimus f. pilosus H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 20 (1932)

= Nardurus maritimus subsp. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 1: 274 (1974)

= Nardurus maritimus subsp. krausei (Regel) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 87 (1973)

= Nardurus maritimus subvar. dasyanthus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 97 (1942)

= Nardurus maritimus subvar. glabriglumis Maire; É. Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 942 (1941)

= Nardurus maritimus subvar. leianthus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942)

= Nardurus maritimus subvar. villosus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 234 (1935)

= Nardurus maritimus var. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 78 (1931)

= Nardurus maritimus var. biuncialis (Vill.) Rothm. & P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 1: 247 (1939)

= Nardurus maritimus var. trabutii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942)

= Nardurus maritimus var. villosus (Maire) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 87 (1973)

= Nardurus montanus Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 129 (1852)

= Nardurus poa var. tenuiculum Hy; Tabl. Anal. Fl. Angers: 171 (1874)

= Nardurus tenellus Rchb. ex Godr.; 187 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Nardurus tenellus subsp. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 800 (1882)

= Nardurus tenellus subsp. unilateralis (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 800 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Nardurus tenellus var. muticus Gren.; Fl. Jurass.: 934 (1869)

= Nardurus tenellus var. trabutii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 96 (1942)

= Nardurus tenellus var. unilateralis (L.) Pass., Ces. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 82 (1867)

= Nardurus tenuiflorus (Schrad.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Nardurus tenuiflorus var. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 300 (1913)

= Nardurus tenuiflorus var. muticus Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 301 (1913)

= Nardurus unilateralis (L.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Nardurus unilateralis var. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Nardurus unilateralis var. aristatus (W.D.J.Koch) Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 485 (1850)

= Nardurus woronowii Schischk.; Byull. Gosud. Muz. Gruzii 1920-2(1): 3 (1922)

= Triticum biunciale Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 167 (1787)

= Triticum gracile Chaix; Pl. Vapinc.: 10 (1785)

= Triticum hispanicum Reichard; Syst. Pl. 1: 240 (1779)

= Triticum hispanicum Viv.; Fl. Ital. Fragm.: 21 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Triticum maritimum Viv.; Ann. Bot. (Genoa) 1: 152 (1804), pro syn.

= Triticum subulatum Sm. ex Munro; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 51 (1861), pro syn.

= Triticum unilaterale L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 35 (1767)

= Triticum unilaterale var. acutum Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers: 71 (1818), nom. inval.

= Triticum unilaterale var. glabrum DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 285 (1815)

= Triticum unilaterale var. pubescens DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 68 (1813), nom. nud.

= Vulpia hispanica (Reichard) Kerguélen; Coste, Fl. Descr. France, Suppl. 5: 545 (1979)

= Vulpia hispanica subsp. montana (Boiss. & Reut.) Devesa; Lagascalia 14: 165 (1986)

= Vulpia maritima Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Vulpia nardus Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 159 (1827)

= Vulpia tenuiflora (Schrad.) Heynh.; Nom. Bot. Hort.: 854 (1840)

= Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 350 (1978)

= Vulpia unilateralis subsp. aristata (K.Koch) D.Rivera & M.A.Carreras; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 13: 29 (1987)

= Vulpia unilateralis subsp. montana (Boiss. & Reut.) Cabezudo; Devesa, Tormo, F. M. Vázquez & J. M. Nieto, Acta Bot. Malac. 15: 100 (1990)

= Vulpia unilateralis subsp. tomentosa Faramarzi & Rahimin.; Iranian J. Bot. 18(2): 206 (2012)

species :

Festuca markgrafiae Veldkamp; Blumea 41(1): 220 (1996)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Festuca masafuerana (Skottsb. & Pilg.) Röser & Tkach; Taxon 69(2): 265 (2020)

Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl.

85 JNF

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus fernandezianus (Phil.) Skottsb.; Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, reimpr. 2: 102 (1921)

= Bromus masafueranus Skottsb. & Pilg.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 385 (1920)

= Bromus megalachne Pilg.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 386 (1920) [nom. nov.]

= Megalachne berteroniana Steud.; Flora 33: 229 (1850), nomen, et Syn. Pl. Glumac. 237 (1855)

= Megalachne masafuerana (Pilg.) Matthei; Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcion 48: 171 (1974)

= Megalachne masafuerana (Skottsb. & Pilg. ex Pilg.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 8(2): 386 (1978)

= Pantathera avenacea Hemsl.; Rep. Challenger, Bot.: t. 61 (1884), nom. nud.

= Pantathera fernandeziana Phil.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 649 (1856)

species :

Festuca masatierrae Röser & Tkach; Taxon 69(2): 265 (2020), nom. nov.

Distribution: +Juan Fdz. Isl.

85 JNF

Synonyms: hidden

= Podophorus bromoides Phil.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 649 (1856)

species :

Festuca matthewsii (Hack.) Cheeseman; Man. N. ZealandFl. ed. 2, 205 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. matthewsii

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. mathewsii Hack.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 35: 385 (1903)

= Festuca ovina var. mathewsii (Hack.) Cheeseman; Man. New Zealand Fl.: 918 (1906)

= Festuca petriei Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 68 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. aquilonia Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 351 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

subspecies :

subsp. latifundii Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 352 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

subspecies :

subsp. pisamontis Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 354 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

species :

Festuca medioeuropaea Boeuf & Portal; (2024) nom. nov. in prep.

Distribution: England; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; ?Romania

10 GRB 11 AUT BGM CZE GER NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., guestfalica group. A widespread species formerly treated as ´Festuca guestfalica´. The new lectotype named ´kerguelenii´ refers to F. duvalii, therefore a new name needed to be found.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina f. firmula (Hack.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 736 (1901)

= Festuca ovina f. firmula (Hack.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 551 (1891)

= Festuca ovina f. glabriuscula L.Gross; 71 (1906)

= Festuca ovina f. hispidior L.Gross; 71 (1906)

= Festuca ovina subsp. firmula (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 87 (1890)

= Festuca ovina subvar. firmula Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. firmula (Hack.) Formánek; 7 (1886)

= Festuca ovina var. firmula (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 331 (1906)

species :

Festuca mekiste Clayton; Kew Bull. 23: 293 (1969)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Ethiopia; Kenya

23 BIO CMN 24 ETH 25 KEN

species :

Festuca melanopsis Foggi, G.Rossi & Signorini; Canad. J. Bot. 77(7): 1001 (1999), nom. nov.

Name: Schwarzvioletter Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nigricans (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Europ. 1: 99 (1890)

= Festuca rubra var. nigricans Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 135 (1882)

= Festuca violacea proles nigricans (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 208 (1913)

= Festuca violacea subsp. atrata Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 180 (1975), nom. nov.

= Festuca violacea subsp. nigricans (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 339 (1907)

= Festuca violacea var. nigricans (Hack.) Brand; W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3, 3: 2772 (1907)

species :

Festuca membranacea (L.) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 229 (1906)

Name: Häutiger Federschwingel (DE); Grenita de arenas (ES)

Distribution: +Belgium; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); Turkey; Palestine

11 BGM ger 12 COR FRA POR SPA 13 PEL 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 PAL TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus hordeiformis Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 195 (1791)

= Festuca agrestis Loisel.; Fl. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 87 (1828)

= Festuca linneana (Parl.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 303 (1854)

= Festuca longiseta Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 116 (1804)

= Festuca longiseta var. monandra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 47 (1940)

= Festuca longiseta var. triandra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 47 (1940)

= Festuca pyramidata Link; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 315 (1800)

= Festuca uniglumis subsp. agrestis (Loisel.) Tourlet; Fl. Indre-et-Loire: 581 (1908)

= Festuca uniglumis var. longiseta (Brot.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 552 (1901)

= Stipa membranacea L.; Sp. Pl. 560 (1753)

= Vulpia agrestis (Loisel.) Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), II 2: 49 (1880)

= Vulpia fontanesii Parl.; Pl. Nov.: 50 (1842)

= Vulpia linneana Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1: 346 (1844), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Vulpia longiseta (Brot.) Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gramin. Portugal: 24 (1880)

= Vulpia membranacea (L.) Dumort.; Obs. Gram. Belg. 100 (1824)

= Vulpia membranacea subsp. longiseta (Brot.) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 258 (1913)

= Vulpia membranacea subvar. occidentalis (A.Camus) Litard.; Candollea 11: 185 (1948)

= Vulpia membranacea var. agrestis (Loisel.) Gaut.; Cat. Fl. Pyrénées-orientales: 448 (1897)

= Vulpia membranacea var. longiseta (Brot.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 175 (1955), isonym

= Vulpia membranacea var. longiseta (Brot.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 819 (1882)

= Vulpia membranacea var. meridionalis A.Camus; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 130 (1945)

= Vulpia membranacea var. occidentalis A.Camus; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 130 (1943)

= Vulpia pyramidata (Link) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 270 (1943)

= Vulpia uniglumis var. longiseta (Brot.) Husn.; Graminées: 67 (1898)

species :

Festuca microstachys Nutt.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 4: 24 (1848), et in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Ser. 2, 1: 187 (1848)

Name: Desert fescue

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur); Peru [I]

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 83 per

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arida Elmer; Bot. Gaz. 36: 52 (1903)

= Festuca microstachys var. subappressa Suksd.; Werdenda 1(2): 2 (1923)

= Vulpia arida (Elmer) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937)

= Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro; Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 342 (1857)

variant :

var. grayi Abrams; Fl. Los Angeles 52 (1904) [nom. nov.]

Name: Eastwoods fescue

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca eastwoodiae Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 16 (1906)

= Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 14 (1906)

= Festuca microstachys var. ciliata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 410 (1872), nom. illeg.

= Festuca microstachys var. ciliata A.Gray ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 585 (1896) [nom. illeg.]

= Festuca microstachys var. ciliata Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 585 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Festuca pacifica var. ciliata (A.Gray) Hoover; Madrono 3: 227 (1936)

= Vulpia eastwoodae (Piper) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937)

= Vulpia grayi (Abrams) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937)

= Vulpia microstachys var. ciliata (Beal) Lonard & Gould; Madrono 22(5): 225 (1974)

= Vulpia microstachys var. ciliata Munro; Pl. Hartw. 342 (1857) [nom. nud.]

variant :

var. pauciflora Scribn. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 586 (1896)

Name: Pacific fescue

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Sur); Isla Guadalupe

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 GLP MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dives Suksd.; Werdenda 1(2): 3 (1923) [nom. illeg., non F. Muell. 1863]

= Festuca microstachys var. pauciflora Scribn.; Descr. Cat. Grass. U. S. 90 (1885) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca microstachys var. simulans (Hoover) Hoover; Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 338 (1966)

= Festuca pacifica Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 12 (1906)

= Festuca pacifica var. simulans Hoover; Madrono 3: 228 (1936)

= Festuca reflexa Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 98 (1862 publ. 1863)

= Festuca subbiflora Suksd.; Werdenda 1(2): 2 (1923)

= Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora (Beal) Lonard & Gould; Madrono. 22(5): 226 (1974)

= Vulpia pacifica (Piper) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538 (1909)

= Vulpia reflexa (Buckley) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538 (1909)

species :

Festuca minutiflora Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 608 (1905)

Name: Smallflower fescue

Distribution: SE-Alaska; Canada (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta); USA (NE-Oregon, E-California, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla var. endotera (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 108 (1945)

= Festuca brevifolia var. endotera St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 254 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. minutiflora (Rydb.) Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 6: 151 (1951)

species :

Festuca molokaiensis Soreng, P.M.Peterson & Catalán; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(1): 54 (2009)

Distribution: Hawaii

63 HAW

species :

Festuca mongolica (S.R.Liou & Ma) Y.Z.Zhao; Classific. Florist. Ecol. Geogr. Distrib. Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 621 (2012)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qinghai)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dahurica subsp. mongolica S.R.Liou & Ma; Fl. Intramongolica 7: 261 (1983)

species :

Festuca monguensis Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 139 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca monticola Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile (1873) 576

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gracillima var. monticola (Phil.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 178 (1927)

= Festuca subandina Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 177 (1896)

= Poa monticola Phil.; Index Kew. 576 (1873) [error in Index Kewensis for Festuca monticola Phil.]

species :

Festuca morisiana Parl.; Gior. Bot. Ital. 1: 1 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. morisiana

Distribution: C-Sardinia (Mte. Gennargentu)

12 SAR

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula Moris ex Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 77 (1844)

= Festuca rubra subsp. morisiana (Parl.) Em.Schmid ex Atzei & V.Picci; Arch. Bot. Biogeogr Ital., 49(1-2): 8 (1972 publ. 1973)

subspecies :

subsp. sicula Cristaudo, Foggi, Galesi & Maugeri; Parlatorea 9: 95 (2007)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Festuca muelleri Vickery; Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 1: 9 (1939)

Distribution: Australia (S from Barrington Tops in New South Wales through Australian Capital Territory to E-Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Festuca multinodis Petrie & Hack.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst., 186 (1911 publ. 1912)

Distribution: New Zealand

51 NZL

species :

Festuca muralis Kunth; Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 218 (1822)

Name: Mauer-Federschwingel (DE); Wall Fescue (EN); Grenita ratonera (ES)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; North Macedonia; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Pico, Faial); Canary Isl. (El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura); South Africa [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); India [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], Victoria [I]); Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; S-Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; NE-Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI NMA SIC TUE 21 AZO CNY 27 saf 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR TUR 35 SAU 40 ind 50 aus 83 ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca bromoides var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Henriq.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 20: 138 (1905)

= Festuca bromoides var. tenella (Boiss.) Druce; Advent. Fl. Tweedside: 250 (1910), nom. illeg.

= Festuca broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 304 (1854), as ´broteri´

= Festuca dertonensis subvar. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Litard.; Candollea 7: 233 (1937)

= Festuca dertonensis var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 559 (1901)

= Festuca dertonensis var. tenella (Boiss.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 161 (1910)

= Festuca hybrida Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 115 (1804)

= Festuca muralis var. pygmaea Macloskie; Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8(1): 237 (1904), nom. nud.

= Festuca myuros var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 726 (1878)

= Festuca myuros var. muralis (Kunth) Speg.; Contr. Fl. Sierra Vent.: 74 (1896)

= Festuca myuros var. tenella Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 668 (1844)

= Festuca sciuroides var. microstachya (Hack.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Alger: 90 (1884)

= Vulpia bromoides subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) A.Bolòs; A. Bolòs & O. Bolòs, Veg. Com. Barcelona: 228 (1950)

= Vulpia bromoides var. hybrida (Brot.) A.Fern.; J. G. García & R. Fern., Mem. Soc. Brot. 4: 27 (1948)

= Vulpia broteri Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 128 (1852)

= Vulpia dertonensis var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 327 (1907)

= Vulpia dertonensis var. longiaristata (Willk. ex Husn.) Azn.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 10: 17 (1911)

= Vulpia hybrida (Brot.) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 72 (1922)

= Vulpia longiseta var. hybrida (Brot.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 92 (1913)

= Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees; Linnaea 19: 694 (1847)

= Vulpia muralis var. spicata Franco & Rocha Afonso; Silva Lusitana 5: 141 (1997)

= Vulpia myuros proles broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 256 (1913)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: ? (1894), as ´broteri´

= Vulpia myuros subsp. longiaristata Cif. & Giacom.; Nomencl. Fl. Ital. 1: 42 (1950)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. tenella (Boiss.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 179 (1955)

= Vulpia myuros var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15: 411 (1886)

= Vulpia myuros var. tenella (Boiss.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 179 (1955)

= Vulpia myuros var. tenella (Boiss.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 179 (1955)

= Vulpia sciuroides var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 223 (1895)

= Vulpia sciuroides var. longiaristata Willk. ex Husn.; Graminées: 67 (1898)

= Vulpia sciuroides var. microstachya Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 124 (1877)

species :

Festuca musbelica (Reverd.) Ikonn.; Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Badakhshana: 75 (1979)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN TUR 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca kryloviana var. musbelica Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Tomsk. Univ. 1927(2): 4 (1927)

= Festuca oreophila Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 208 (1981) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca ovina var. hypsophila St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 111 (1932)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. hypsophila (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. musbelica (Reverd.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

species :

Festuca myuros L.; Sp. Pl. 74 (1753)

Name: Mäuseschwanz-Federschwingel (DE); Rat´s-tail Fescue (EN); Grenita comun (ES)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl.); South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Madagascar [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia [I] (Irkutsk [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Farah, Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, N.W.Frontier Prov., Swat, Chitral, Dir, Murree, Azad Kashmir); Bhutan [I]; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Sri Lanka [I]; Philippines [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Rapa Iti [I]); Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Yukon [I], British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Wisconsin [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I]); Mexico [I]; Isla Guadalupe [I]; Guatemala [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Antofagasta [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]

10 GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY lat lit RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 27 les saf 29 mdg reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 jap KOR NKO TAI 40 bhu IND PAK srl 42 phi 50 aus 51 ctm ker nzl 61 aui eas 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 glp mex 80 cos gua 81 his jam ste 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 tdc

Remarks: see also the closely related, diploid F. bromoides which is often included here as subspecies

Synonyms: hidden

= Avena muralis (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22 (1796)

= Bromus bohemicus F.W.Schmidt ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; J. C. Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 638 (1823), pro syn.

= Distomomischus myuros (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes -Pyrénées: 91 (1867)

= Festuca bromoides var. myurus (Sm.) Bab.; 395 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Festuca bromoides var. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Brewer; Fl. Surrey: 287 (1863)

= Festuca commutata Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 304 (1854) [nom. illeg., non Scheele 1844]

= Festuca linearis Gilib.; Excerc. Phyt. 2: 534 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Festuca megalura Nutt.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 4: 24 (1848), et in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Ser. 2, 1: 188 (1848)

= Festuca myuros f. exserens Peterm.; Anal. Pfl.-Schlüss.: 555 (1846)

= Festuca myuros f. major Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 24: 3 (1899)

= Festuca myuros f. racemifera Peterm.; Anal. Pfl.-Schlüss.: 555 (1846)

= Festuca myuros Muhl.; Descr. Gram. 160 (1817) [nom. illeg., non L. 1753]

= Festuca myuros subsp. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 365 (1894), isonym

= Festuca myuros subsp. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Syme; 141 (1877)

= Festuca myuros var. distans Pauquy; Statist. Bot. Somme: 490 (1831)

= Festuca myuros var. exerens Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig: 555 (1846)

= Festuca myuros var. hirsuta (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558 (1901)

= Festuca myuros var. major Sebast. & Mauri; Fl. Roman. Prodr.: 46 (1818)

= Festuca myuros var. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Jess.; 563 (1879)

= Festuca myuros var. pseudonardurus (Goiran) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 558 (1901)

= Festuca myuros var. racemifera Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig: 555 (1846)

= Festuca myuros var. subnuda Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 90 (1837)

= Festuca myuros var. willemetii Noulet; Fl. Bass. Sous-Pyrén.: 710 (1837)

= Festuca pseudomyuros Soy.-Will.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. I. 7: 445 (1826)

= Festuca pseudomyuros var. reclinata (Dumort.) T.Durand; Cat. Fl. Liégeoise: 73 (1878)

= Festuca sciuroides var. pseudomyuros Hy; Tabl. Anal. Fl. Angers: 170 (1884)

= Festuca sciuroides var. tecta F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem.: 19 (1842)

= Mygalurus caudatus Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 92 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Vulpia alpina L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405 (2002)

= Vulpia bromoides var. rigida Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 441 (1841)

= Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag.; Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8. 2: 938 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Vulpia crinita Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 342 (1909)

= Vulpia longivaginata St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 137 (1880), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Vulpia major (Rohlena) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Notiser cxiv. 35 (1961)

= Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538 (1909)

= Vulpia murorum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 123 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 8 (1805)

= Vulpia myuros f. exserens (Peterm.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Vulpia myuros f. hirsuta (Hack.) C.H.Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 9: 161 (1934)

= Vulpia myuros f. megalura (Nutt.) Stace & R.Cotton; Watsonia 11: 72 (1976)

= Vulpia myuros f. racemifera (Peterm.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. megalura (Nutt.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(2): 77 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Vulpia myuros subsp. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 177 (1955)

= Vulpia myuros var. deserti Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 1: 114 (1966)

= Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gramin. Portugal 24 (1880)

= Vulpia myuros var. megalura (Nutt.) Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg., 47(1-2): 123 (1977)

= Vulpia myuros var. pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 142 (1923)

= Vulpia myuros var. subuniglumis Hack.; Cat. Rais. Gramin. Portugal: 24 (1880)

= Vulpia pilosa C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 8 (1805), nom. nud.

= Vulpia pseudomyuros (Soy.-Will.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 37 (1830)

= Vulpia reclinata Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 12: 204 (1873)

= Vulpia vaginata St.-Lag.; Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8. 2: 938 (1889), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Zerna myuros (L.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1249 (1895), pro syn.

species :

Festuca nandadevica Hajra; Indian J. Forest. 6(1): 79 (1983)

Distribution: NW-India (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

species :

Festuca nardifolia Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 24: 286 (1879)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca calchaquiensis Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 6: 520 (1906)

= Festuca nardifolia var. calchaquiensis (Hack.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 171 (1927)

species :

Festuca nemoralis Türpe; Darwiniana 15: 213 (1969)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

species :

Festuca neopersica Bidarlord & F.Ghahrem.; Phytotaxa 574(1): 9 (2022), nom. nov.

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Orozgan / Daykundi, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (Negev Desert); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Pakistan

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca hirtiglumis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 76 (2021)

= Nardurus persicus Boiss. & Buhse; Aufz. Transk. Pers. 225 (1860)

= Vulpia hirtiglumis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 5: 629 (1884)

= Vulpia persica (Boiss. & Buhse) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS 2: 535 (1934)

= Vulpia villosa Maslenn.; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 505 (1957)

species :

Festuca nepalica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 82(3): 99 (1977)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Festuca nereidaensis Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 139 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca nevadensis (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Europ. 1: 101 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. nevadensis

Distribution: Spain; France; Corsica; Morocco

12 COR FRA SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dumetorum subsp. nevadensis (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882)

= Festuca nevadensis (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978), isonym

= Festuca rubra subsp. nevadensis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 146 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. nevadensis (Hack.) E.Lepage; Nat. Canad., 103(4): 390 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. scabrescens (Hack. ex Trab.) Dobignard & Portal; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2010)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arenaria subsp. oraria (Dumort.) Dengler; Kieler Not. Pflanzenk. Schleswig-Holstein Hamburg 25-26: 9 (1997-1998 publ. 1998)

= Festuca gaetula (Maire ex St.-Yves) Claustres ex Kerguélen; H. Coste, Fl. Descr. France, Suppl. 5: 545 (1979)

= Festuca nevadensis var. gaetula (Maire ex St.-Yves) D.Rivera & M.A.Carreras; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 13: 25 (1987)

= Festuca oraria (Dumort.) H.C.Hall; Fl. Belg. Sept. 1: 110 (1825)

= Festuca oraria var. megastachya Foucaud & Jousset; Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 1896: no. 4184 (1896)

= Festuca rubra subsp. oraria Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 105 (1824)

= Festuca rubra subsp. scabrescens Hack. ex Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot: 215 (1895)

= Festuca rubra subvar. mairei Litard.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 265 (1936)

= Festuca rubra var. gaetula Maire ex St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 17 (1922)

= Festuca rubra var. hackelii Litard. & Maire; Pl. Rif Nov.: 2 (1927)

= Festuca scabrescens (Hack. ex Trab.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie Tunisie: 384 (1905)

= Festuca trichophylla subsp. scabrescens (Hack. ex Trab.) Catalán & Stace; An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 50(2): 219 (1992)

species :

Festuca nigrescens Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 460 (1788)

Name: Horst-Schwingel (DE), Chewing´s fescue (EN)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Ukraine; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], New Hampshire [I], Rhode Island [I], Vermont [I])

10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 EST UKR 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystea Pourr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882), nom. inval.

= Festuca cambrica Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 45 (1778)

= Festuca denudata Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 104 (1824)

= Festuca fallax var. longifolia Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 67 (1906)

= Festuca fallax var. macrostachya Zapal.; 180 (1905)

= Festuca fallax var. montana Zapal.; 180 (1905)

= Festuca fallax var. nigrescens (Lam.) Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 564 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Festuca heterophylla var. alpina Gren. & Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 575 (1856)

= Festuca heterophylla var. nigrescens (Lam.) Godet; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Jura: 211 (1851)

= Festuca heterophylla var. nigrescens (Lam.) Hausm.; 1007 (1852), isonym

= Festuca microphylla (St.-Yves) Patzke; Decheniana, cxvii. 195 (1964)

= Festuca nigrescens subsp. microphylla (St.-Yves ex Coste) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

= Festuca nigrescens var. heterophylla (Nyár.) Soó; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)

= Festuca nigrescens var. pubescens Monnard; Syn. Fl. Helv.: 70 (1836)

= Festuca nigrescens var. pubescens Rchb.; V (1833)

= Festuca rubra proles fallax Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 206 (1913)

= Festuca rubra proles nigrescens (Lam.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 207 (1913)

= Festuca rubra f. heterophylla Nyár.; Kv. Fl.: 77 (1941), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra f. longifolia (Zapal.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rubra f. nigrescens (Lam.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 735 (1901)

= Festuca rubra subsp. caespitosa Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 292 (1878)

= Festuca rubra subsp. commutata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 287 (1828)

= Festuca rubra subsp. microphylla St.-Yves; Monde Pl., III, 23(134): 7 (1922)

= Festuca rubra subsp. nigrescens (Lam.) Simonk.; 590 (1887)

= Festuca rubra var. caespitosa (Hack.) Litard.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 12: 28 (1943)

= Festuca rubra var. cambrica (Huds.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 725 (1817)

= Festuca rubra var. commutata (Gaudin) Moritzi; 64 (1832)

= Festuca rubra var. denudata (Dumort.) Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa: 220 (1825)

= Festuca rubra var. microphylla (St.-Yves) Liou; Arch. Bot. Bull. Mens., Mém. 1: 208 (1929)

= Festuca rubra var. microphylla (St.-Yves) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 344 (2001)

= Festuca rubra var. nigrescens (Lam.) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 188 (1791)

= Festuca rubra var. subcaespitosa Sond.; 63 (1851)

= Festuca versicolor J.Presl ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 402 (1833), pro syn.

= Schedonorus nigrescens (Lam.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

species :

Festuca nigriflora (Hitchc.) Negritto & Anton; Novon 9(4): 542 (1999)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Poa nigriflora Hitchc.; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 330 (1927)

species :

Festuca niphobia (St.-Yves) Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 123(5-6): 320 (1976)

Distribution: W-Ireland; NE-Spain; Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

10 IRE 12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg., supina group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca airoides subsp. molinieri (Litard.) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 218 (2020)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. molinieri (Litard.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 159 (1975)

= Festuca ovina subsp. molinieri (Litard.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 351 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. niphobia St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 29 (1924)

= Festuca ovina var. molinieri Litard.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 101 (1937)

species :

Festuca niphobioides Boeuf & Hardion; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 60 (2022)

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., supina group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. alpestris Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3: 572 (1856)

species :

Festuca nitida Kit.; Schult., Österreichs Fl. ed. 2, 1: 239 (1814)

subspecies :

subsp. nitida

Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca carnica (Hack.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich: 65 (1897)

= Festuca rubra subvar. carnica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 133 (1882)

= Festuca violacea subsp. minor Hack.; Természetrajzi Füz. 2: 290 (1878)

= Schedonorus nitidus (Kit.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 706 (1817)

subspecies :

subsp. flaccida (Schur) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca flaccida Schur; Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 4: 89 (1853)

= Festuca violacea var. flaccida (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 514 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. macrathera (Hack.) Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

Distribution: C- & S-Italy; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania

13 ALB BIH ITA MNT

Remarks: often treated as subspecies of F. violacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca violacea subsp. macrathera (Hack. ex Beck) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

= Festuca violacea var. macrathera Hack. ex Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 45 (1887)

species :

Festuca nitidula Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 350 (1896)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; NW-India (Kumaon, Rupshu, Zanskar, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP

species :

Festuca norica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 99 (1890)

Name: Norischer Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Slovenia

11 AUT GER SWI 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: violacea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra var. norica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 135 (1882)

= Festuca violacea subsp. norica (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 339 (1906)

species :

Festuca novae-zealandiae (Hack.) Cockayne; Bot. Notes Kennedy´s Bush & Scenic Res. Port Hills, Lyttelton (Rep. Scenery Preserv.) 2 (1915), Cockayne in Trans. New Zealand Inst. 48: 178 (1915 publ. 1916)

Distribution: New Zealand (North Isl.)

51 NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. novae-zealandiae Hack.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 35: 384 (1903)

= Festuca ovina subvar. pruinosa Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 64 (1928)

= Festuca ovina var. novae-zealandiae (Hack.) Cheeseman; Man. New Zealand Fl.: 917 (1906)

species :

Festuca nubigena Jungh.; Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Indie 2: 51 (1845)

Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok)

42 JAW LSI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nubila Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 315 (1854)

species :

Festuca nuda (Hack. ex Takeda) Koba, H.Ikeda & Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 93: 324 (2018)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); North Korea; Japan (Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca blepharogyna (Ohwi) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot. 1: 66, in syn. (1932)

= Festuca sichotensis Krivot.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 75 (1955)

= Festuca takedana Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 4: 33 (1935), et Fl. Jap. 114 (1953)

= Festuca takedana subsp. blepharogyna (Ohwi) T.Koyama; Grasses of Japan & Neighbour. Regions: 508 (1987)

= Leiopoa blepharogyna Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot. 1: 66 (1932)

= Leiopoa nuda (Hack. ex Takeda) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 67 (1932)

= Poa nuda Hack. ex Takeda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 112 (1910)

species :

Festuca numidica (Batt. & Trab.) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 339 (1986)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. numidica (Trab.) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 9 (1922)

= Festuca plicata subsp. numidica Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 214 (1895)

species :

Festuca obturbans St.-Yves; Clav. Anal. Festuc. (Rev. Bret. Bot. No. 2) 83 (1927), St.-Yves in Candollea 4: 98 (1929)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Yemen (W-Yemen)

24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca macrophylla var. multiflora Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 114 (1936)

species :

Festuca occidentalis Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 249 (1840)

Name: Western fescue

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, Alberta); USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, N-Utah)

70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca idahoensis var. oregona (Hack. ex Beal) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacific NW 1: 577 (1969)

= Festuca occidentalis var. oregona (Hack. ex Beal) B.Boivin; Phytologia 43(1): 105 (1979)

= Festuca oregona Vasey; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 2: 126 (1877)

= Festuca ovina var. oregona Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 599 (1896)

= Festuca ovina var. polyphylla Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 597 (1896)

= Poa tenuifolia var. oregona (Vasey) Vasey; Descr. Cat. Grass. U.S.: 85 (1885)

species :

Festuca ochroleuca Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 3: 129 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. ochroleuca

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France (Pyrenees, Cevennes)

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 869 (1882)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France, ed. 2: 79 (1946), isonym

= Festuca duriuscula var. ochroleuca (Hack.) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 215 (1913), isonym

= Festuca duriuscula var. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) Husn.; Graminées: 61 (1898)

= Festuca ochroleuca subsp. gracilior (Verg.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 163 (1975)

= Festuca ovina subsp. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 352 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. arbacensis St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 34 (1924), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca ovina subvar. gracilior Verg.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 182 (1928), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 49 (1933), isonym

= Festuca ovina var. ochroleuca (Timb.-Lagr.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 405 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. bigorronensis (St.-Yves) Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 163 (1975)

Distribution: SW-France (C-Pyrenees)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. bigorronensis St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 34 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. heteroidea (Verg.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona); SW-France (Pyrenees, Corbières)

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca heteroidea (Verg.) Jauzein & J.-M.Tison; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 119 (2010)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. heteroidea (Verg.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 159 (1975)

= Festuca ovina var. heteroidea Verg.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 182 (1928)

species :

Festuca octoflora Walter; Fl. Carol. 81 (1788)

Name: Sixweeks fescue, Slender Fescue (EN), pasto sedilla [Chile]

Distribution: Germany [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); NW-India [I] (Uttar Pradesh [I]); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sonora); Isla Guadalupe; Argentina [I]; Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Antofagasta, Coquimbo)

11 ger 38 jap 40 ind 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 GLP MEX 85 arg CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Brachypodium festucoides Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 95 (1821), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Diarrhena setacea (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 1: 289 (1817)

= Festuca gracilenta Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 97 (1862 publ. 1863)

= Festuca octoflora var. aristulata L.H.Dewey; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 547 (1894)

= Festuca parviflora Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 170 (1816)

= Festuca pusilla Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 98 (1862 publ. 1863)

= Festuca setacea Poir.; Encycl. 2: 638 (1811)

= Gnomonia octoflora (Walter) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 224 (1915)

= Vulpia antofagastensis Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 23: 86 (1956)

= Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538 (1909)

variant :

var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald; Rhodora 34: 209 (1932)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico; Uruguay [I]

71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald; Rhodora 34: 209 (1925)

= Festuca racemifera Trin. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 682 (1840), nom. nud.

= Festuca tenella var. aristulata Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4: 156 (1856) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca tenella var. glauca Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 147 (1837)

= Festuca tenella Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 1: 419 (1797)

= Schedonorus tenellus (Willd.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 163, 177 (1812)

= Vulpia octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald; Rhodora 34: 109 (1932)

= Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald; Rhodora 47: 107 (1945)

= Vulpia tenella (Willd.) Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 854 (1840)

variant :

var. hirtella (Piper) Hitchc.; Man. Grasses U. S. 60 (1935)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Sonora, etc.)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca octoflora subsp. hirtella Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 12 (1906)

= Vulpia octoflora f. hirtella (Piper) C.H.Blom; Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 89 (1929 publ. 1930)

= Vulpia octoflora var. hirtella (Piper) Henrard; Blumea 2: 320 (1937)

species :

Festuca oelandica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 100 (1890)

Distribution: SE-Sweden (Øland)

10 SWE

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. oelandica (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 827 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. alvarensis St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 123 (1924)

= Festuca rubra var. oelandica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 144 (1882)

species :

Festuca olchonensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 84(5): 125 (1979)

Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca olympica J.Vetter; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 45(2): 307 (1928)

Distribution: N-Greece (Olimbos)

13 GRC

species :

Festuca ophioliticola Kerguélen; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Medit. II. Bull., fasc. no. 15: 59 1972-(1973 publ. 1974), without latin descr. or type, et in Lejeunia 75: 13 (1975)

Distribution: England; N-France

10 GRB 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., ovina group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M.J.Wilk.; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Bassin Medit. Bull. 20: 72 (1985)

= Festuca ovina var. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M.J.Wilk.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 106(4): 367 (1991)

species :

Festuca orientalis (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14(Suppl. 2): 87 (1915)

Distribution: Morocco; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; ?Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar, Parwan, Samangan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)

20 MOR 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron subulatiforme Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 119 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Agropyron subulatum (Banks & Sol.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 761 (1817)

= Loliolum orientale (Boiss.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; V. L. Kom. (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 544 (1934)

= Loliolum subulatum (Banks & Sol.) Eig; J. Bot. (London) 75: 189 (1937)

= Nardurus orientalis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 127 (1846)

= Nardurus subulatus (Banks & Sol.) Bor; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 14: No. 4 (Symb. Afgh. VI.) 67(1965)

= Triticum subulatum Banks & Sol.; Russ., Nat. Hist. Aleppo ed. 2, 2: 244 (1794)

species :

Festuca orizabensis E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1497 (1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo León, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca procera var. mexicana Rupr. ex E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2: 124 (1886)

species :

Festuca oroana Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 104 (2004)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Festuca ovina L.; Sp. PI.: 73 (1753) s. str.

subspecies :

subsp. ovina

Name: Echter Schaf-Schwingel (DE), Sheep fescue (EN)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?France; ?Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; ?Morocco; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iraq; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, N-Iran); China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Jiangsu [I], Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido); Taiwan; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Baltistan, Azad Kashmir); India (Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], Oregon [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I]); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Iles Kerguélen [I]; South Georgia Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 13 BIH CRO KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 21 mdr 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND PAK 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 91 keg sge

Remarks: ovina agg., ovina group. The listed synonymy (and distribution) is too extensive, and many (or most) synonyms will belong elsewhere and not to ovina (s. str.). Some species listed here as synonyms might deserve specific rank.

Synonyms: hidden

= Avena ovina (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22 (1796)

= Bromus ovinus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 77 (1771)

= Festuca agrestis Wulfen ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca baumgarteniana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 787 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca capillaris Wulfen; Fl. Norica Phan.: 144 (1858), nom. illeg.

= Festuca centroapenninica (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi, F.Conti & Pignatti; Bocconea 10: 14, 212 (1998)

= Festuca chiisanensis (Ohwi) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 85(4): 86 (1980)

= Festuca diffusa V.N.Vassil.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 8: 216 (1940) [non Dumort. (1823)]

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. ovina (L.) Tourlet; 582 (1908)

= Festuca duriuscula var. alpina Wimm.; Fl. Schles.: 58 (1832)

= Festuca duriuscula var. gracilior (Hack.) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 319 (1968)

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 787 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Festuca eskia Lej.; Fl. Spa 1: 57 (1811), nom. illeg.

= Festuca filifolia Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 445 (1821)

= Festuca fontqueriana (St.-Yves) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 338 (1986)

= Festuca glauca var. exilior (St.-Yves) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 336 (1968)

= Festuca glauca var. firmuloides (St.-Yves) Bidault; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 31: 336 (1968)

= Festuca glauca var. hallerioides Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 790 (1866)

= Festuca glaucantha Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 155 (1889)

= Festuca glaucoidea (J.Vetter) E.B.Alexeev; Byull Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 80(2): 114 (1975)

= Festuca hallerioides Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 790 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca heterophylla Wahlenb.; Veg. Clim. Helv. Sept.: 18 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Festuca jumpeiana (Ohwi) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 89 (1979)

= Festuca lasiantha Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 788 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca livida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 787 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca malzevii (Litv.) Reverd.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 57 (1949)

= Festuca mariettana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 88(5): 103 (1983)

= Festuca maskerensis (Litard.) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 339 (1986)

= Festuca multiflora Suter; Helvet. Fl. 1: 56 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Festuca nigra Gilib.; Excerc. Phyt. 2: 533 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Festuca oligosantha Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 784 (1866)

= Festuca ovina f. aculeolata Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca ovina f. breviaristata Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina f. breviculmis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. ciliolata Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. communis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. exilior St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 63 (1914)

= Festuca ovina f. firmuloides St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 50 (1914)

= Festuca ovina f. flaccida Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 190 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. flavida Scoggan; Fl. Canada 2: 277 (1978), no basionym ref.

= Festuca ovina f. glabra Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. glaucoides St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 59 (1914)

= Festuca ovina f. laevifolia (Hack.) Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. laevifolia (Hack.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 736 (1901)

= Festuca ovina f. longiaristata Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina f. morrisonensis Hayata; Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos.: 96 (1916), nom. nud.

= Festuca ovina f. multiflora Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 190 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. nitida Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 790 (1972)

= Festuca ovina f. sciaphila (Schur) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina f. semivivipara Norm.; Christ. Vidensk.-Selsk. Forh. 1893 (16): 53 (1893)

= Festuca ovina f. submucronata Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca ovina f. supinoides Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. umbrosa Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 87 (1882)

= Festuca ovina f. variegata Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. violascens Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. viridiflora Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina f. viridis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina f. viridis Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 141 (1917)

= Festuca ovina f. vulgaris Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina subsp. coreana (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 122 (1978)

= Festuca ovina subsp. elata (Drobow) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca ovina subsp. firmulacea (Markgr.-Dann.) Prob.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 95(4): 73 (1990)

= Festuca ovina subsp. kandavanica J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 167 (1940)

= Festuca ovina subsp. litoralis (Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 99 (1978)

= Festuca ovina subsp. nipponica (Ohwi) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 89(2): 119 (1984)

= Festuca ovina subsp. ruprechtii (Boiss.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca ovina subsp. sphagnicola (B.Keller) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca ovina subsp. sytschuanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 99 (1978)

= Festuca ovina subsp. vylzaniae Vylzan ex E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 84(5): 128 (1979)

= Festuca ovina subvar. angustiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 102 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. arenosa Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. bohemica Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. breviaristata Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina subvar. capillifolia Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. coreana St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 33 (1924)

= Festuca ovina subvar. curvula (Wahlenb.) J.Erikson; Bot. Not. 1901: 206 (1901)

= Festuca ovina subvar. deylii Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 189 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. firmuloides (St.-Yves) St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 26 (1927)

= Festuca ovina subvar. glaucantha Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 106 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. glaucostyla Rohlena; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 23: 8 (1901)

= Festuca ovina subvar. laevifolia Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 86 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. laeviglumis Hack. ex Macloskie; Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8(3): 61 (1914 publ. 1915)

= Festuca ovina subvar. pilifera St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 29 (1924)

= Festuca ovina subvar. polyantha Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. pubescens Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. serpentinica Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. sillingeri Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina subvar. subglaucescens Hack. ex Krajina; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 23: 8 (1901)

= Festuca ovina subvar. taquetii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 334 (1928)

= Festuca ovina subvar. tatrensis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina var. angustifolia Parn.; Grass. Scotland: 129 (1842)

= Festuca ovina var. baicalensis Vylzan; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 84: 22 (1967), contrary to Art. 40.1 (ICN, 2012).

= Festuca ovina var. centroapenninica Markgr.-Dann.; Arch. Bot. Biogeogr Ital., 48(1-2): 25 (1972)

= Festuca ovina var. chiisanensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. chosenica Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. coreana (St.-Yves) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 333 (1928)

= Festuca ovina var. coreensis T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Korea: 43 (1922), nom. nud.

= Festuca ovina var. curvula Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 62 (1824)

= Festuca ovina var. duriuscula A.Gray ex Porter & Coult.; Syn. Fl. Colorado 150 (1874) [nom. illeg., nom. nud., no ref. to F. duriuscula L., non (L.) Koch 1837, non (L.) Koch 1837]

= Festuca ovina var. elata Drobow; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 14: 153 (1915)

= Festuca ovina var. elatior Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 23 (1852)

= Festuca ovina var. firmulacea (Markgr.-Dann.) Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 406 (1960)

= Festuca ovina var. fontqueriana St.-Yves; Cavanillesia 2: 55 (1929)

= Festuca ovina var. glaucofirmula St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 51 (1914)

= Festuca ovina var. glaucoidea J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 166 (1940)

= Festuca ovina var. hibernica (Markgr.-Dann.) M.J.Wilk.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 106(4): 369 (1991)

= Festuca ovina var. hirta G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 620 (1836)

= Festuca ovina var. jumpeiana Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 113 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. kandavanica J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 167 (1940)

= Festuca ovina var. koreanoalpina Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. laevifolia (Hack.) Kozlowska; Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1925: 330 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. litoralis Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 45 (1972)

= Festuca ovina var. livida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 786 (1866)

= Festuca ovina var. malzevii Litv.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 5: 18 (1905)

= Festuca ovina var. marchandii Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 79: 275 (1945)

= Festuca ovina var. maritima Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 102 (1824)

= Festuca ovina var. maskerensis Litard.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 262 (1935)

= Festuca ovina var. montana Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 23 (1852)

= Festuca ovina var. nipponica Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. paniciana Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 106 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. pseudogenuina Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 188 (1930)

= Festuca ovina var. pseudovaria Volkart; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 14: 115 (1904)

= Festuca ovina var. pubiculmis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 110 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. rohlenae Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 187 (1930)

= Festuca ovina var. rorida Wallr.; Sched. Crit.: 32 (1822)

= Festuca ovina var. ruprechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 619 (1884)

= Festuca ovina var. ruscinonensis Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 82: 111 (1947)

= Festuca ovina var. senneniana Litard.; Candollea 10: 121 (1945)

= Festuca ovina var. sulcifera Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. sylvatica Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 23 (1852)

= Festuca ovina var. tateyamensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 111 (1941)

= Festuca ovina var. vulgaris Schrad.; Fl. Germ.: 320 (1806), nom. inval.

= Festuca ovina var. vulgaris W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1837), nom. inval.

= Festuca ovina var. vulgaris Wallr.; Sched. Crit.: 32 (1822), nom. inval.

= Festuca ovina var. weileri Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 70 (1940)

= Festuca ovina var. yarochenkoi St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 104 (1932)

= Festuca pallens subvar. hibernica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 25: 116 (1952)

= Festuca pauciflora Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 17 (1821), nom. nud.

= Festuca pietrosii Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math. 1904: 304 (1904)

= Festuca pratensis Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 268 (1782), nom. illeg.

= Festuca pumila Willk.; Linnaea 25: 66 (1853), nom. nud.

= Festuca ruprechtii (Boiss.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 507 (1934)

= Festuca sciaphila Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 787 (1866)

= Festuca serpentinica (Krajina) M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr.: 26 (2008), basionym not explicity cited.

= Festuca trachyphylla f. firmulacea Markgr.-Dann.; Ber. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rübel 1938: 59 (1938)

= Festuca trachyphylla var. pubescens (Hack.) Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 127 (2010)

= Festuca valesiaca var. lasiantha Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 788 (1866)

= Festuca verguinii Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 677 (1926 publ. 1927), nom. nud.

= Festuca vorobievii Prob.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68: 1660 (1983)

= Festuca vulgaris (Koch) Hayek; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. 94: 208 (1918)

= Festuca vylzaniae (Vylzan ex E.B.Alexeev) Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 128 (2010)

= Festuca weilleri (Litard.) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 340 (1986)

= Festuca yarochenkoi (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Ovsyanitsy Kavkaza: 82 (1980)

= Gnomonia ovina (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 224 (1915)

= Poa ovina var. nemoralis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 83 (1827)

= Poa setacea Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 162 (1802), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. maroccana (St.-Yves) Dobignard; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2010)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. maroccana St.-Yves; Tent. Clav. Anal. Festuc.: 30 (1927)

= Festuca sauvagei Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 339 (1986), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. rastetteri Boeuf & Hardion; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 76 (2022)

Distribution: France (Alsace)

12 FRA

species :

Festuca oviniformis J.Vetter; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 547 (1939)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Komotini)

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca pallens Host; Gram. Austr. 2: 63 (1802)

Name: Bleicher Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Slovenia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Ukraine

11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 KOS NMA ROM SLV 14 UKR

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arduenna Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 103 (1824)

= Festuca cinerea f. longiaristata Rauschert; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 63: 268 (1961)

= Festuca cinerea subsp. pallens (Host) Stöhr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 395 (1960)

= Festuca communis var. glauca Petif; Enum. Pl. Fl. Palat.: 12 (1830)

= Festuca duriuscula f. fratrensis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 195 (1930)

= Festuca duriuscula f. rachsturmensis Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 195 (1930)

= Festuca duriuscula subvar. virens Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 144 (1930)

= Festuca duriuscula var. glauca (W.D.J.Koch) Godr.; 572 (1856)

= Festuca duriuscula var. pallens (Host) Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 10 (1837)

= Festuca duriuscula var. pubiculmis Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 24: 4 (1899), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. sandomiriensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 4B: 173 (1904)

= Festuca glauca f. barbata Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 284 (1878)

= Festuca glauca f. borhidiana Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 195 (1955)

= Festuca glauca f. elongata Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 284 (1878)

= Festuca glauca f. scabens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca glauca f. virens (Krajina) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 194 (1955)

= Festuca glauca Schrad.; 322 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Festuca glauca subsp. pallens (Host) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Festuca glauca var. arduenna (Dumort.) Mathieu; Fl. Gén. Belgique 1: 620 (1854)

= Festuca glauca var. hirsuta Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 232 (1858)

= Festuca glauca var. major Hagenb.; Tent. Fl. Basil.: 87 (1821)

= Festuca glauca var. pallens (Host) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 829 (1882)

= Festuca glauca var. pallens Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 194 (1955)

= Festuca glauca var. rigurosa (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 195 (1955)

= Festuca glauca var. rupicola Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 790 (1866)

= Festuca glauca var. umbrosa Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 232 (1858)

= Festuca gracillima subvar. gracillima St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 296 (1927)

= Festuca ovina f. glabrispicula St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 33 (1924)

= Festuca ovina f. pallens (Host) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 552 (1891)

= Festuca ovina f. sandomiriensis (Soó) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 33 (1924)

= Festuca ovina subsp. glauca (W.D.J.Koch) Antz & Clemen; 132 (1846)

= Festuca ovina subvar. pallens (Host) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 95 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. curvula (Gaudin) Döll; 81 (1843)

= Festuca ovina var. glauca Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz: 205 (1841), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. glaucescens (Host) Link; 266 (1833)

= Festuca ovina var. major (Hagenb.) Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 49 (1933)

= Festuca ovina var. pallens (Host) Chenevard; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Tessin: 96 (1910)

= Festuca ovina var. pallens (Host) Hegi; 332 (1908)

= Festuca pallens f. barbata (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. borhidiana (Soó) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publl. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. elongata (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. fatrensis (Krajina) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. glabrispicula (St.-Yves) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. hirsuta (Heuff.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. longiaristata (Rauschert) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. polonica Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. rachsturmensis (Krajina) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. scabens (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens f. virens (Krajina) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens subsp. treskana Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 323 (1978)

= Festuca pallens subsp. zielonkowskiana M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr.: 26 (2008)

= Festuca pallens var. rigurosa (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pallens var. sandomiriensis (Zapal.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1- 2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972), without basionym date

= Festuca pallens var. umbrosa (Heuff.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rigurosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 790 (1866)

species :

Festuca pallescens (St.-Yves) Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 206 (1953)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gracillima f. scabra St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 296 (1927)

= Festuca gracillima subvar. pallescens St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 296 (1927)

= Festuca gracillima var. foliosa Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 210 (1953)

= Festuca gracillima var. patagonica Speg.; Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 3: 586 (1897)

= Festuca gracillima var. ramosa St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 177 (1927)

= Festuca pallescens var. foliosa Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 210 (1953)

= Festuca pallescens var. scabra (St.-Yves) Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 210 (1953)

species :

Festuca pallidula E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 93(2): 87 (1988)

Distribution: Transcaucasus

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca pamirica Tzvelev; Not. Syst. Herb. List. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 20: 422 (1960)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Xinjiang, NW-Yunnan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alaica subsp. pamirica (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

species :

Festuca pampeana Speg.; Contr. Fl. Vent. 73 (1896)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, San Luis)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca panciciana (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

Distribution: Croatia; Albania; ?Bulgaria

13 ALB CRO

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dalmatica subsp. panciciana (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 549 (1972)

= Festuca ovina var. panciciana Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 106 (1882)

species :

Festuca panda Swallen; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 26: 209 (1936)

Distribution: Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Coquimbo)

85 CLE

species :

Festuca paniculata (L.) Schinz & Thell.; Viert. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 58: 40 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. paniculata

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; NE-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece

11 AUT SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Anthoxanthum paniculatum L.; Sp. Pl. 28 (1753)

= Festuca anthoxanthia Sm.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 115 (1791)

= Festuca aurea Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 598 (1779)

= Festuca bulbosa Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 696 (1800)

= Festuca caerulescens Boiss. ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 167 (1882), nom. inval.

= Festuca compressa DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 6: 263 (1815)

= Festuca ferruginea (Vest) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 140(4) (1831)

= Festuca fibrosa Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 433 (1846)

= Festuca fleischeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca fusca Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 98 (1787), nom. illeg.

= Festuca gigantea Krock.; Fl. Siles., Suppl. 1: 174 (1823), nom. illeg.

= Festuca montis-celtici Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 696 (1800)

= Festuca paniculata subsp. macrostachys Llamas, Acedo, Penas & Pérez Morales; Lagascalia 22: 121 (2002)

= Festuca paniculata subsp. paui Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 18: 87 (1990)

= Festuca paniculata subvar. aurea (Lam.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 157 (1955)

= Festuca paradoxa Ehrh. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 631 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca spadicea subsp. aurea (Lam.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 103 (1890)

= Festuca spadicea var. ferruginea (Vest) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 825 (1882)

= Patzkea paniculata (L.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)

= Patzkea paniculata subsp. macrostachys (Llamas, Acedo, Penas & Pérez Morales) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

= Poa gerardii All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 245 (1785)

= Poa montana Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 699 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Poa triflora Moench; Methodus: 187 (1794)

= Schedonorus aureus (Lam.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

= Schedonorus compressus (DC.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 700 (1817)

= Schedonorus ferrugineus Vest; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 221 (1828)

subspecies :

subsp. fontqueri Rivas Ponce & Cebolla; Fontqueria 21: 21 (1988)

Distribution: N-Spain (Pyrenees, Cordillera Cantabrica); S-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca durandoi subsp. fontqueri (Rivas Ponce & Cebolla) Llamas, Acedo, Penas & Pérez Morales; Lagascalia 22: 125 (2002)

= Patzkea durandoi subsp. fontqueri (Rivas Ponce & Cebolla) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. longiglumis (Litard.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 110: 61 (1983)

Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; SW-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca paniculata subvar. longiglumis Litard.; Candollea 10: 144 (1945)

= Festuca paniculata var. longiglumis (Litard.) Cebolla; Fontqueria 28: 167 (1990)

= Festuca spadicea subsp. longiglumis (Litard.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, n.s., 75: 182 (1975)

= Patzkea paniculata subsp. longiglumis (Litard.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. multispiculata Rivas Ponce & Cebolla; Lagascalia, 15(Extra): 408 (1988)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Patzkea paniculata subsp. multispiculata (Rivas Ponce & Cebolla) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. spadicea (L.) Litard.; Candollea 10: 111 (1945)

Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; SC-France; Algeria

12 ADO FRA SPA 20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca spadicea L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 732 (1767)

= Patzkea paniculata subsp. spadicea (L.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 274 (2011 publ. 2012)

= Patzkea spadicea (L.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Poa spadicea (L.) Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 202 (1802)

= Schedonorus spadiceus (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 700 (1817)

species :

Festuca paphlagonica (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 208 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. paphlagonica St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 32 (1924)

= Festuca paphlagonica subsp. villosula (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 208 (1981)

= Festuca ovina f. villosula St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 333 (1928)

species :

Festuca papuana Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 117 (1899)

Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 LSI NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca monantha Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 117 (1899)

species :

Festuca paradoxa Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 105 (1831)

Name: Clustered fescue

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA [I] (Washington, Oregon [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], E-Nebraska, E-Kansas, E-Oklahoma, E-Texas, SW-Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, S-Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, SW-Ohio, Kentucky, ?Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts)

72 CDN 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nutans Biehler; Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng.: 10 (1807), nom. illeg., non Moench

= Festuca nutans var. major Vasey; 63: 43 (1883) [nom. nud.] ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 589 (1896) [nom. inval.]

= Festuca nutans var. palustris Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 2: 399 (1871)

= Festuca nutans var. shortii (Alph.Wood) Beal; Grass. N. Amer. 2: 589 (1896)

= Festuca shortii Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot.: 794 (1861)

= Gnomonia nutans Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 224 (1915)

= Poa nutans Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 86 (1821), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca parciflora Swallen; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 255 (1948)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca parciflora subsp. loxana Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39: 107 (2004)

species :

Festuca parodiana (St.-Yves ex Parodi) Nicora; Hickenia 2(57): 267 (1998)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, San Juan, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca subulata var. parodiana St.-Yves; Physis (Buenos Aires) 11: 497 (1935)

species :

Festuca parodii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 308, f. 97 (1927)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, San Luis)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca parvigluma Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 305 (1854)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Nepal; India (Sikkim)

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ohwiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 94 (1978)

= Festuca parvigluma f. breviaristata (Ohwi) T.Koyama; Grass. Japan: 507 (1987)

= Festuca parvigluma f. hirtipes (Honda) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 113 (1941)

= Festuca parvigluma f. macra Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 54 (1930)

= Festuca parvigluma var. breviaristata Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 163 (1933)

= Festuca parvigluma var. breviseta Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 613 (1933)

= Festuca parvigluma var. hirtipes Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 51 (1939)

= Festuca parvigluma var. laoshanensis F.Z.Li; Guihaia 30: 28 (2010)

species :

Festuca parvipaleata Jansen; Acta Bot. Neerl. 2: 370 (1953)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Festuca parvipaniculata Hitchc.; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 322 (1927)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)

83 BOL PER

species :

Festuca patula Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 86 (1798)

Distribution: S- & C-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca triflora Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 87 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Festuca triloba D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 1: 377 (1839) orth. var.

= Patzkea patula (Desf.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 200 (2010)

= Schedonorus patulus (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 710 (1817)

= Schedonorus triflorus (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 709 (1817)

species :

Festuca patzkei Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

Name: Patzke-Schwingel, Patzke-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Luxembourg; Germany (Bayern [I], Rheinland-Pfalz); France; etc.

11 GER LUX 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. glauca Gren.; Fl. Jurass.: 924 (1869), nom. illeg.

= Festuca glauca var. curva Tinant; Fl. Luxemb.: 49 (1836)

= Festuca glauca var. longifolia Tinant; Fl. Luxemb.: 49 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Festuca longifolia subsp. pseudocostei Auquier & Kerguélen; Lejeunia 89: 45 (1977)

species :

Festuca pectinella Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: t. 63, f. 2 (1813)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 IRQ ISR SIN SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ctenopsis patens (Boiss.) Melderis; Ark. Bot., n. s. 2: 297 (1952)

= Ctenopsis pectinella (Delile) De Not.; Ind. Sem. Horti Bot. Genuensis 1847: 26 (1847)

= Ctenopsis pectinella subvar. pubescens Pamp.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1914: 11 (1914)

= Ctenopsis pectinella var. delileana Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 201 (1955), nom. inval.

= Ctenopsis pectinella var. kralikiana Hack.; P. E. Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 631 (1884)

= Festuca cynosuroides Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 107 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Festuca patens (Boiss.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428 (1854)

= Vulpia patens Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 62 (1854)

= Vulpia pectinella (Delile) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 631 (1884)

species :

Festuca penzesii (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: E-North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece

13 BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pungens var. penzesii Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 43 (1953)

species :

Festuca peristerea (J.Vetter) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 138(1976)

Distribution: W-North Macedonia; SC-Bulgaria; Greece

13 BUL GRC NMA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. peristerea J.Vetter; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 57: 130 (1950)

species :

Festuca perrieri A.Camus; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 28: 442 (1922)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca peruviana Infantes; Revista Ci (Lima) 54: 103 (1952)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro)

83 BOL PER

species :

Festuca petraea Guthnick ex Seub.; Fl. Azor. 20 (1844)

Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)

21 AZO

species :

Festuca picturata Pils; Pl. Syst. Evol., 136(1-2): 92 (1980), nom. nov.

Name: Farbiger Schwingel

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Slovenia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT POL SLO 13 BUL ROM SLV 14 UKR

Remarks: violacea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca picta Kit. ex Schult.; Österreichs Fl. ed. 2, 1: 236 (1814)

= Festuca rubra subsp. picta (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 339 (1907)

= Festuca rubra var. picta Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 134 (1882)

= Festuca violacea subsp. picta (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 339 (1907)

species :

Festuca pilar-franceii Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 121 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Meta)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca pilgeri St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 9: 1130 (1927)

Distribution:

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pilgeri var. orthophylla St.-Yves; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1132 (1927)

species :

Festuca pilosella E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Isp. Prirod. Biol. 91 3: 118 (1986)

Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 YEM

species :

Festuca pindica (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: N-Greece (Pindhos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cyllenica subsp. pindica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 160 (1976)

species :

Festuca pinifolia (Hack. ex Boiss.) Bornm.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 649 (1898)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 IRN LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca indigesta subsp. pinifolia (Hack. ex Boiss.) Markgr.-Dann.

= Festuca ovina subsp. pinifolia Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 617 (1884)

= Festuca ovina subvar. phrygia St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1009 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. pinifolia (Hack. ex Boiss.) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1008 (1925)

= Festuca pinifolia var. phrygia (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 208 (1981)

species :

Festuca pirinica Horvat ex Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 324 (1978)

Distribution: SW-Bulgaria (Pirin Mts.); Greece

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca plebeia Vickery; Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 1: 11 (1939)

Distribution: Australia (Tasmania)

50 AUS

species :

Festuca plicata Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 48 (1877)

Distribution: S- & E-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca clementei var. plicata (Hack.) Pau; Cavanillesia 4: 49 (1931)

species :

Festuca plonkae Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005), nom. nov.

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca halleri subsp. yvesii Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. s. 19: 18 (1988)

species :

Festuca pohleana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 78(5): 144 (1973)

Distribution: NE-European Russia (basin of R. Usa)

14 RUS

species :

Festuca polita (Halácsy) Tzvelev; Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Leningrad) 9: 43 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. polita

Distribution: Greece; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC 33 NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. polita (Halácsy) St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 8 (1922)

= Festuca ovina var. polita Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 401 (1904)

= Festuca polita var. euboeica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 105 (1976)

= Festuca stricta var. polita (Halácsy) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 199 (1955)

subspecies :

subsp. cretica (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

Distribution: Crete

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca polita var. cretica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 106(1976)

species :

Festuca poluninii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 111 (1978)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Festuca polycolea Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 349 (1896)

Distribution: ?Tibet; Pakistan (Sind); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. polycolea (Stapf) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 373 (1928)

= Festuca polycolea var. brevis Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 350 (1896)

species :

Festuca pontica E.B.Alexeev ex Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 204, t. 1, f. 10 (1981)

Distribution: NE-Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Festuca popovii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 33 (1978)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca insularis Popov; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 18: 4 (1957) non Steud. (1855)

species :

Festuca porcii Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 147 (1882)

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine

11 POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca porcii f. hirsuta (Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 524 (1972)

= Festuca porcii var. hirsuta Nyár.; Note Bot. 2: 83 (1966)

species :

Festuca portaliana Dobignard; Evaxiana 2: 263 (2016)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Festuca potaninii Tzvelev & E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 79(4): 141 (1974)

Distribution: N-China

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca presliana Hitchc.; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24: 320 (1927), nom. nov.

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus depauperatus J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 263 (1830)

species :

Festuca primae E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 78(3): 106 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Festuca pringlei St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 305 (1925)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nuevo León, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amplissima var. elliptica Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 603 (1896)

= Festuca ovina subsp. elliptica (Beal) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 43 (1906)

= Festuca ovina var. elliptica (Beal) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 43 (1906)

species :

Festuca probatoviae E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 87(5): 102 (1982)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin); Japan

31 RFE 38 JAP

species :

Festuca procera Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 154 (1816)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Tarija)

82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplachne procera (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 351 (1825)

= Festuca leioclada Hack. ex Sodiro; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 3(25): 483 (1889), nom. nud.

= Festuca orgyalis Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 351 (1825) [nom. inval.]

= Festuca peruviana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 89(4): 114 (1984), nom. illeg.

= Festuca scabra Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 632 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca scabriflora Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 314 (1854), nom. inval.

= Festuca sublimis Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 718 (1898)

species :

Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald; Rhodora 35: 133 (1933)

Distribution: Canada (N.W.T., Nunavut, N-Manitoba, N-Ontario, Québec, Labrador, Newfoundland, Isle Anticosti, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia); USA (New Hampshire, Maine)

70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca prolifera var. lasiolepis Fernald; Rhodora 35: 136. pl. 241, f. 3 & 4. (1933)

= Festuca rubra f. lasiolepis (Fernald) Á.Löve; Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. Biol. 24: 12 (1966)

= Festuca rubra f. prolifera (Piper) Hyl.; Uppsala Univ. Arsskr. 7: 83 (1945)

= Festuca rubra f. vivipara Eames; Rhodora 11: 89 (1909), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra subsp. prolifera Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 21 (1906)

= Festuca rubra var. prolifera Piper; Rhodora 10: 65 (1908)

species :

Festuca prudhommei Kerguélen & Plonka; Lejeunia, 142: 17 (1993)

Distribution: SW-France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca glacialis subsp. prudhommei (Kerguélen & Plonka) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 348 (2001)

species :

Festuca psammophila (Hack. ex Celak.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterr. 64 (1897)

Name: Sand-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: E-Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Poland; Czech Republic; Lithuania; Ukraine

11 CZE GER POL 14 LIT UKR

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea subsp. psammophila (Hack. ex Celak.) Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 403 (1960)

= Festuca glauca subsp. psammophila Hack. ex Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4: 721 (1881)

= Festuca ovina var. psammophila (Hack. ex Celak.) Hack. ex Hegi; 332 (1908)

= Festuca pallens subsp. psammophila (Hack. ex Celak.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropetskoi Chasti SSSR 1: 266 (1974)

= Festuca psammophila f. affinis M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 566 (1974)

= Festuca psammophila f. conjugata M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85 (7-8): 566 (1974)

= Festuca psammophila f. illigii M.Toman; Gleditschia 4: 72 (1976)

= Festuca psammophila subsp. muellerstollii M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 101(1-2): 31 (1990), contrary to Art. 37.3 ICBN (1988)

species :

Festuca pseudeskia Boiss.; Elenchus 91 (1838)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Nevada/Spain)

12 SPA

species :

Festuca pseudodalmatica Krajina ex Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 8: 61 (1929)

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

11 AUT CZE HUN POL SLO 13 ROM 14 KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM TZK 33 GEO NCS

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dalmatica var. pseudodalmatica (Krajina) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 548 (1972)

= Festuca pseudodalmatica f. angulosa (Nyár. & L.Popov) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca valesiaca f. angulosa Nyár. & L.Popov; Rev. Biol. (Bucharest), n.s., 9: 154 (1963)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. pseudodalmatica (Krajina) Soó; Mezoseg Fl.: 11 (1969)

= Festuca valesiaca var. pseudodalmatica (Krajina) Nyár.; Rev. Roumaine Biol., Sér. Bot. 9: 154 (1964)

species :

Festuca pseudodura Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 306 (1855)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; N-Italy

11 AUT SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: halleri agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dura Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 62 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Festuca dura var. pubifolia J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 65: 159 (1915)

= Festuca halleri subsp. dura Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 335 (1906)

= Festuca halleri var. dura (Hegi) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 80 (1934)

= Festuca tauricola J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77: 41 (1927)

= Festuca tauricola var. pilosa J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77: 41 (1927)

species :

Festuca pseudolemanii Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 74 (2022)

Name: Falscher Leman-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., heteropachys group

species :

Festuca pseudosulcata Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 156 (1915)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 37 MON

Remarks: valesiaca agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca jenissejensis Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1926(3): 3 (1936)

species :

Festuca pseudosupina J.Vetter; Rech.f., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 63 (1936)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Mytilene)

34 EAI

species :

Festuca pseudotrichophylla Patzke; Decheniana 117: 195 (1964)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca pseudovaginata Penksza; Acta Bot. Hung. 45(3-4): 367 (2003)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca pseudovivipara (Pavlick) Pavlick; Phytologia 82(2): 77 (1997)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia)

71 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra f. pseudovivipara Pavlick; Phytologia 57(1): 5 (1985)

species :

Festuca pubigluma Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 16: 31 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca pubiglumis S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 531, f. 1 (1992)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca pulchra Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 785 (1866)

Name: Falscher Schaf-Schwingel, Salz-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg [I], Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Bayern [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France (Alsace); Slovenia; Croatia; ?Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); W-Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; China (NW-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Tibet

11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 12 FRA 13 CRO KOS ROM SLV 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM UZB 36 CHI TIB

Remarks: ovina agg., valesiaca group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca compressa Kit.; Linnaea 32: 311 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. parviflora Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 288 (1878)

= Festuca duriuscula var. tenuis Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 16 (1878)

= Festuca ovina subvar. salina A.J.Kern. ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 103 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. dura Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 111 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. pseudovina (Hack. ex Wiesb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 102 (1882)

= Festuca pseudovina f. angustiflora (Hack.) Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina f. barbulata Nyár.; Rev. Roumaine Biol., Sér. Bot. 9: 172 (1964)

= Festuca pseudovina f. capillifolia Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina f. ciliata Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina f. compacta Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina f. gracilior Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina f. hirtiflora Borbás; Magyar Homokp. Növ.: 70 (1886)

= Festuca pseudovina f. rutila (Hack. ex Jáv.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 373 (1973)

= Festuca pseudovina f. salina (A.J.Kern. ex Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 373 (1973)

= Festuca pseudovina f. subpruinosa Borbás; Magyar Homokp. Növ.: 70 (1886)

= Festuca pseudovina Hack. ex Wiesb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 30: 126 (1880)

= Festuca pseudovina var. minutiflora Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 6 (1928)

= Festuca pseudovina var. rutila Hack. ex Jáv.; Magyar Fl.: 100 (1924)

= Festuca pseudovina var. salina (A.J.Kern. ex Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 18(3-4): 373 (1973)

= Festuca racemosa Kit.; Linnaea 32: 313 (1864), nom. nud.

= Festuca sulcata var. angustiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 102 (1882)

= Festuca valesiaca f. krajinae Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. parviflora (Hack.) R.Tracey; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128: 291 (1977)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. pseudovina (Hack. ex Wiesb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 334 (1906), isonym

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. pseudovina (Hack. ex Wiesb.) Simonk.; 588 (1887)

= Festuca valesiaca var. pseudovina (Hack. ex Wiesb.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz, ed. 2, 2: 26 (1905)

= Festuca ×boghisensis Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Romîne, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 289 (1957)

species :

Festuca pulveridolomiana Höcker & T.Gregor; Kochia 12: 1 (2019)

Name: Dolomitsand-Schwingel, Dolomitsand-Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern)

11 GER

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca punctoria Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 60 (1806)

Distribution: Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca acerosa K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 6 (1846)

= Festuca ovina var. punctoria (Sm.) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1006 (1925)

species :

Festuca purpurascens Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 1(2): 383, t. 140 (1847)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca davilae Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 176 (1896)

= Festuca dumetorum Phil.; Linnaea 33: 297 (1864) [nom. illeg., non L. 1762]

= Festuca glaucophylla Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 178 (1896)

= Festuca insularis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 312 (1854)

= Festuca laxiflora Phil.; Linnaea 29: 98 (1857) [nom. illeg., non A. Rich. 1850]

= Festuca lechleriana Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428 (1854)

= Festuca philippii Bech.; Candollea 7: 520 (1938) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca platyphylla Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428 (1854)

= Festuca purpurascens f. aristata St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 268 (1927)

= Festuca purpurascens f. scabriuscula St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 268 (1927)

= Festuca purpurascens var. aristata É.Desv.; Fl. Chil. 6: 429 (1854)

= Festuca purpurascens var. platyphylla (Steud.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 271 (1927)

= Festuca purpurascens var. submutica É.Desv.; Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 429 (1854), nom. inval.

= Festuca serranoi Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 178 (1896)

= Festuca trachylepis Hack. ex Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 30 (1914 publ. 1915)

species :

Festuca pyrenaica Reut.; Index Seminum (G) 1861: 4 (1861)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. pyrenaica (Reut.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 137 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. pyrenaica (Reut.) Vallot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 134 (1885)

= Festuca stolonifera Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 87 (1863)

= Festuca violacea subsp. pyrenaica (Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 828 (1882)

species :

Festuca pyrogea Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 5: 97 (1896)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. pubispicula St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 163 (1927)

= Festuca ovina var. pyrogea (Speg.) Hack.; Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Sudpolar-Exp. 4(4): 7 (1906)

= Festuca pyrogea var. elata Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 197 (1953)

species :

Festuca quadridentata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 154 (1816)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplachne quitensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 351 (1824), nom. nud.

= Festuca flexuosa Willd. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 407 (1833), pro syn.

= Festuca quadridentata subsp. kunthiana (Kunth) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 263 (1927), nom. inval.

= Sesleria quitensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 329 (1824), nom. nud.

species :

Festuca quadriflora Honck.; Vollst. Syst. Verz. Aller Gew. Teutschl. 268 (1782)

Name: Zwerg-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; NE-Spain (C-Pyrenees); France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gussonei Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 351 (1909)

= Festuca hackeliana Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 3: 231 (1911)

= Festuca pumila Chaix; Pl. Vapinc.: 12 (1785)

= Festuca pumila var. elatior Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 107 (1837)

= Festuca pumila var. hackeliana (Zapal) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 492 (1972)

= Festuca pumila var. jaccardii (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 115 (1945)

= Festuca pumila var. negrii Goiran; Spec. Morphogr. Veg.: 16 (1875)

= Festuca pumila var. rigidior Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 107 (1837)

= Festuca pumila var. wilczecziana (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 116 (1945)

= Festuca quadriflora Honck. ex Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 124: 338 (1977)

= Festuca rigidior (Mutel) K.Richt.; Pl. Europ. 1: 105 (1889)

= Festuca varia subsp. pumila (Chaix) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 176 (1882)

= Festuca varia var. jaccardii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 130 (1924)

= Festuca varia var. minor Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 76 (1859)

= Festuca varia var. pumila (Chaix) Gill. & Magne; 466 (1863)

= Festuca varia var. villarsii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 130 (1924)

= Festuca varia var. wilczecziana St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 193 (1913)

= Festuca varia var. wilczekiana St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 193 (1914)

= Schedonorus pumilus (Chaix) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 706 (1817)

= Tragus pumilus (Chaix) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1099 (1895)

species :

Festuca queriana Litard.; Cavanillesia 8: 54 (1936)

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Festuca raddei Enustsch. & Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 48: 47 (2017)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk)

31 RFE

species :

Festuca rechingeri E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 80(2): 122 (1975)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Festuca renvoizei Stancík; Novon 17(1): 100 (2007)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca reverchonii Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53: 30 (1903)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. Cazorla, Sa. Segura, Sa. Castril, Sa. Guillimona)

12 SPA

species :

Festuca rhachiantha Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 302 (1854)

Distribution: NE-Portugal; C- & E-Spain; Croatia [I]; Pantelleria; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 POR SPA 13 cro PTL 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Catapodium pauciflorum (Merino) Brullo; Giusso, Miniss. & Spamp., Inform. Bot. Ital. 35: 161 (2003)

= Cynosurus lima L.; Sp. Pl. 72 (1753)

= Dactylis disticha (Moench) Ball; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11: 348 (1843)

= Dactylis lima (L.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 446 (1854)

= Desmazeria castellana Willk.; M. Willkomm & J. M. C. Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 122 (1861)

= Dinebra lima (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 98 (1812)

= Eleusine lima (L.) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 203 (1792)

= Poa lima (L.) Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 392 (1830)

= Wangenheimia disticha Moench; Meth. 200 (1794)

= Wangenheimia lima (L.) Trin.; Fund. Agrost. 132 (1820)

= Wangenheimia lima var. glabra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 94 (1942), nom. inval.

= Wangenheimia lima var. villosula Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 94 (1942)

species :

Festuca rhenana Korneck & T.Gregor; Kochia 6: 12 (2012)

Name: Rheinischer Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz); France (Alsace)

11 GER 12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., heteropachys group

species :

Festuca richardii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1109 (1986)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca abyssinica f. perpusilla St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 86 (1929)

= Festuca abyssinica f. setifolia St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 86 (1929)

species :

Festuca richardsonii Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 250 (1840)

Name: Richardson´s fescue

Distribution: Iceland; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; Norway; Sweden; Finland; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Alaska; E-Greenland; Canada (Yukon, N.W.T., Nunavut, Canadian Arctic Isl., N-British Columbia, N-Saskatchewan, N-Manitoba, N-Ontario, Québec, Newfoundland)

10 FIN FOR ICE NOR SVA SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cryophila V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 519, 767 (1934)

= Festuca kirelowii Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 306 (1854)

= Festuca lanuginosa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Scheele; Flora 27: 63 (1844)

= Festuca richardsonii subsp. cryophila (V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov) Á.Löve & D.Löve

= Festuca richardsonii var. glabrata Hultén; Fl. Alaska Yukon: 246 (1942)

= Festuca richardsonii var. jurtzevii Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 123 (2010)

= Festuca rubra f. arctica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 140 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subsp. arctica (Hack.) Govor.; Fl. Urala 127 (1937)

= Festuca rubra subsp. cryophila (V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov) Hultén; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., V 8(5): 64 (1964)

= Festuca rubra subsp. kirelowii (Steud.) Tzvelev; Fl. Severo-Vostoka Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR 1: 180 (1974)

= Festuca rubra subsp. lanuginosa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 23 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. pluriflora (D.M.Chang) N.R.Cui; Claves Pl. Xinjiang. 1: 112 (1982)

= Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 38: 246, map 178c (1942)

= Festuca rubra var. alaica Drobow; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 135 (1916)

= Festuca rubra var. lanuginosa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl (ed. 3) 1: 654 (1823), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. mutica Holmb.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 3: 27 (1838)

species :

Festuca rifana Litard. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 17, 13 (1927)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Festuca rigescens (J.Presl) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 403 (1833)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Salta, Jujuy, San Juan Prov.); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Coquimbo)

83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplachne brevifolia J.Presl; C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 261 (1830)

= Diplachne rigescens J.Presl; C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 260 (1830)

= Festuca deserticola Phil.; Fl. Atac. 56 (1860)

= Festuca deserticola var. paupera (Phil.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 211 (1927)

= Festuca haenkei Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 403 (1833) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca oligantha Phil. ex St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 211 (1927), in syn.

= Festuca paupera Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 8: 89 (1891)

= Festuca petersonii Renvoize; Gramineas de Bolivia: 122 (1998)

= Festuca saltana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 305 (1927)

= Festuca scirpifolia subsp. stuebelii (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 231 (1927)

= Festuca stuebelii Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 717 (1898)

= Festuca tectoria var. mandoniana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 242 (1927)

species :

Festuca rigidifolia Tovar; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado. 16: 26 (1972)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca rigidiuscula E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1111 (1986)

Distribution: Cameroon

23 CMN

species :

Festuca riloensis (Hack. ex Hayek) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

Distribution: former Yugoslavia; SW-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca halleri subsp. riloensis Hack. ex Hayek; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 45(2): 307 (1929)

species :

Festuca rivularis Boiss.; Elenchus 90 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. rivularis

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Greece

12 ADO FRA POR SPA 13 GRC

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. rivularis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 671 (1844)

= Festuca rivularis var. sennenii (St.-Yves) H.Scholz; Willdenowia, 23(1-2): 114 (1993)

= Festuca rubra f. sennenii (St.-Yves) Litard.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 288 (1936)

= Festuca rubra subsp. rivularis (Boiss.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 17(1): 96 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Festuca rubra subvar. sennenii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 123 (1924)

= Festuca rubra var. montana Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central: 403 (1847)

= Festuca rubra var. rivularis (Boiss.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 144 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudorivularis (Markgr.-Dann.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia, 23(1-2): 116 (1993)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. pseudorivularis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11(2): 206 (1981)

species :

Festuca robinsoniana (C.M.Peña) Röser & Tkach; Taxon 69(2): 265 (2020)

Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl.

85 JNF

Synonyms: hidden

= Megalachne robinsoniana C.M.Peña; Gayana, Bot. 74(1): 198 (2017)

species :

Festuca roblensis M.González; Novon 8(2): 147 (1998)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Jalisco, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca robustifolia Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978), nom. nov.

Distribution: C- & S-Italy; Sicily; San Marino

13 ITA SIC SMA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cinerea var. robusta (Hack.) G.Stohr; Feddes Repert. 88: 418 (1977)

= Festuca ovina subvar. robusta Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. robusta (Hack.) Fiori; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 19: 526 (1912)

= Festuca riccerii Foggi & G.Rossi; Willdenowia, 26(1-2): 206 (1996)

species :

Festuca roemeri (Pavlick) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 23 (1985)

Name: Roemer´s fescue

Distribution: Canada (Vancouver Isl., British Columbia); USA (Washington, W-Oregon, NW-California)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca idahoensis subsp. roemeri (Pavlick) S.G.Aiken; Canad. J. Bot. 75(9): 1551 (1997), without basionym ref.

= Festuca idahoensis var. roemeri Pavlick; Canad. J. Bot. 61(1): 350 (1983)

variant :

var. klamathensis B.L.Wilson; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 59 (2007)

Distribution: USA (Oregon)

73 USA

species :

Festuca roigii Dubc. & Rúgolo; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 26(3-4): 236 (1990)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca rosei Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 45 (1906)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

species :

Festuca rothmaleri (Litard.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76(4): 325 (1978)

Distribution: Portugal; C-Spain; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra var. rothmaleri Litard.; Cavanillesia 8: 57 (1936)

species :

Festuca rubra L.; Sp. PI.: 74 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. rubra

Name: Rot-Schwingel (DE); Red fescue (EN); Cerillo rojo (ES)

Distribution: Iceland; Jan Mayen; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; ?Algeria; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], La Palma [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; ?Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Parwan); Yemen (W-Yemen); China (widespread); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Chitral, Hazara, Gilgit, Astor, Hunza, Deosai, Azad Kashmir); Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Dras, Ladakh, Zanskar, Assam); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (Yukon, N.W.T., Nunavut, Canadian Arctic Isl., British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Labrador, Newfoundland, Isle Anticosti, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl.); USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Marion Isl. [I]; Iles Kerguélen [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]; South Georgia Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE JMY NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 21 cny mdr 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 63 haw 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm 83 bol ecu 85 arg cle 91 fal keg mpe sge tdc

Remarks: rubra agg. A highly variable taxon with many critical infraspecific taxa, which are probably best treated as varieties. The listed synonymy and distribution are probably too extensive, and some taxa might deserve separate status.

Synonyms: hidden

= Avena dura Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 22 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Bromus glaucus Spreng.; J. H. F. Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 170 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Bromus glaucus Spreng. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn.: 12 (1819), nom. illeg.

= Festuca alexeevii Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 121 (2010)

= Festuca alexeevii var. villispiculata Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 121 (2010)

= Festuca alpestris Wulfen; Fl. Norica Phan.: 151 (1858), nom. illeg.

= Festuca alpigena Hoppe; Flora 1: 329 (1818)

= Festuca arenaria Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr., Suppl. 1: 4 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Festuca arundinacea Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 262 (1786), nom. illeg.

= Festuca askelofiana Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 394 (1824)

= Festuca baicalensis (Griseb.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; V. L. Kom. (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 768 (1934)

= Festuca baicalensis var. tjulinae Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 121 (2010)

= Festuca balearica Zuccagni; Cent. Observ. Pl. 1: 13 (1806)

= Festuca baltica Homann ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; J. C. Röling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 654 (1823)

= Festuca barbata Schrank; Prim. Fl. Salisb.: 46 (1792), nom. illeg.

= Festuca briquetii St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 53 (1927)

= Festuca cambrica var. glabra (Lightf.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 123 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Festuca communis Petif; Enum. Pl. Fl. Palat.: 12 (1830)

= Festuca communis var. rubra (L.) Petif; Enum. Pl. Fl. Palat.: 12 (1830)

= Festuca dumetorum Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 92 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Festuca dumetorum L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 109 (1762)

= Festuca dumetorum var. caesia Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3: 7 (1842)

= Festuca dumetorum var. nemorum Blytt; Norges Fl. 1: 145 (1861)

= Festuca dumetorum var. rubra (L.) Chaub.; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 19: 47 (1853), nom. illeg.

= Festuca dumetorum var. scopulorum Blytt; Norges Fl. 1: 145 (1861)

= Festuca duriuscula L.; Sp. Pl.: 74 (1753)

= Festuca duriuscula O.F.Muell.; G. C. Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 848 (1782), nom. illeg.

= Festuca duriuscula var. collina Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 22 (1852)

= Festuca duriuscula var. dumetorum (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl., éd. 2: 45 (1778)

= Festuca duriuscula var. glaucescens Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 22 (1852)

= Festuca duriuscula var. nemoralis Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 648 (1823)

= Festuca duriuscula var. pratensis Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 22 (1852)

= Festuca duriuscula var. rubra (L.) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 2: 399 (1871)

= Festuca duriuscula var. subvillosa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 648 (1823)

= Festuca duriuscula var. vivipara Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 649 (1823)

= Festuca egena V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS 2: 523, 769, pl. 40, f. 18 a-d (1934)

= Festuca eriantha Honda & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 9: 155 (1927), nomen, Honda in Bot. Mag.,Tokyo 42: 135, descr. (1928)

= Festuca gallica Gand.; Fl. Eur. 25: 320 (1891), nom. inval.

= Festuca glabra Lightf.; Fl. Scot. 2: 1085 (1777)

= Festuca glauca Planellas ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 95 (1861), pro syn.

= Festuca glaucescens Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 93 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Festuca halleri Puccin.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1: 121 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Festuca helgolandica Patzke; Decheniana, cxvii. 195 (1964)

= Festuca heterophylla var. subheterophylla (Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca inopoda Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866)

= Festuca limosa (E.B.Alexeev) Prob.; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 369 (2006), nom. illeg.

= Festuca longifolia Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 91 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Festuca michiganica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 87(2): 116 (1982)

= Festuca ovina subsp. duriuscula (L.) Kozlowska; Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1925: 332 (1925)

= Festuca ovina subsp. major G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 620 (1836)

= Festuca ovina subsp. rubra (L.) Hook.f.; Student Fl. Brit. Isl., ed. 3: 497 (1884)

= Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 31 (1832)

= Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1837), isonym

= Festuca ovina var. psammophila Kozlowska; Bull. Int. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1925: 335 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. rubra (L.) Sm.; Engl. Fl. 1: 139 (1824)

= Festuca pallidiuscula Gand.; Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 35 (1883)

= Festuca paucispiculata Howarth ex St.-Yves; Candollea 4: 305 (1931), pro syn.

= Festuca planifolia (Hack.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich: 65 (1897)

= Festuca pluriflora D.M.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 101 (1978)

= Festuca polonica Zapal.; Bull. Acad. Cracov., 302 (1904), et Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 60 (1906)

= Festuca polyantha Haller f. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 338 (1821), nom. nud.

= Festuca polymorpha var. rubra (L.) De Moor; Traité Gram., Céréales et Fourrages: 111 (1854)

= Festuca pseudonemorum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 794 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca pseudorubra Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 794 (1866)

= Festuca pseudorubra var. subhomophylla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 794 (1866)

= Festuca pubescens Willd.; Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 6 (1814)

= Festuca repens Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 92 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Festuca repens Knapp; Gram. Brit.: t. 119 (1804)

= Festuca richardsonii subsp. fraterculae (Rasm.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 103 (1956)

= Festuca rubra proles vaudensis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 205 (1913)

= Festuca rubra subf. subheterophylla Nyár.; Kv. Fl.: 77 (1941)

= Festuca rubra f. alpestris Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 142 (1882)

= Festuca rubra f. barbata (Schrank) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 556 (1891)

= Festuca rubra f. caespitosa Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 13 (1928), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra f. dasyphylla (Hack.) Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 10 (1928)

= Festuca rubra f. fallax (Thuill.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 735 (1901)

= Festuca rubra f. glabra Auquier; Lejeunia, n.s., 57: 17 (1971), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra f. glabrispicula St.-Yves & Litard.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55: 112 (1922)

= Festuca rubra f. grandiflora (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ Social. Roman. 12: 522 (1972), isonym

= Festuca rubra f. grandiflora (Hack.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 735 (1901)

= Festuca rubra f. grandiflora (Hack.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 556 (1891)

= Festuca rubra f. grandiflora Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 12 (1928), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra f. littoralis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 139 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra f. megastachya (Gaudin) Holmb.; Skand. Fl. 2: 236 (1926)

= Festuca rubra f. pilosa Beldie; Fl. Republ Social. Roman. 12: 522 (1972), nom. nov.

= Festuca rubra f. planifolia (Hack.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 735 (1901)

= Festuca rubra f. psilolemma Pavlick; Phytologia 57(1): 7 (1985)

= Festuca rubra f. squarrosa (Hartm.) Holmb.; Skand. Fl. 2: 236 (1926)

= Festuca rubra f. subheterophylla (Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 523 (1972)

= Festuca rubra f. villosissima St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 122 (1924)

= Festuca rubra subsp. baicalensis (Griseb.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

= Festuca rubra subsp. barbata (Schrank) K.Richt.; 99 (1890)

= Festuca rubra subsp. dumetorum (L.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 286 (1828)

= Festuca rubra subsp. dumetorum (L.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 145 (1882), isonym

= Festuca rubra subsp. dumetorum (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 82 (1834), isonym

= Festuca rubra subsp. duriuscula (L.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 289 (1828)

= Festuca rubra subsp. duriuscula (L.) Syme; J. E. Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 11: 145 (1873)

= Festuca rubra subsp. eriantha (Honda) Kuvaev; Fl. Subarkt. Gor Evraz. 77 (2006)

= Festuca rubra subsp. fraterculae (Rasm.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128: 498 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Festuca rubra subsp. glabra (Trautv.) Kuvaev; Fl. Subarkt. Gor Evraz. 77 (2006)

= Festuca rubra subsp. glaucodea Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. limosa E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 92(5): 125 (1987)

= Festuca rubra subsp. megastachya (Gaudin) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 21 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. pluriflora N.R.Cui; Claves Pl. Xinjiang. 1: 112 (1982)

= Festuca rubra subsp. sochondinensis Galanin; Fl. Daurii 2: 85 (2009), contrary to Art. 36.1b (Melbourne Code, 2012).

= Festuca rubra subsp. subcaespitosa (Sond.) F.Aresch.; 506 (1881)

= Festuca rubra subsp. villosa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) S.L.Liou; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 83 (2002)

= Festuca rubra subvar. barbata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 139 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. dasyphylla Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 140 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. glaucescens Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 139 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra subvar. glaucocerata Litard.; Agron. Lusit. 14: 36 (1952)

= Festuca rubra subvar. grandiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 139 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. magnelii Litard.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55: 117 (1923)

= Festuca rubra subvar. neyrautii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 122 (1924)

= Festuca rubra subvar. tenuifolia Howarth; New Phytol. 18: 267 (1920)

= Festuca rubra subvar. velutina St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 124 (1924)

= Festuca rubra subvar. villiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 140 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. abbreviata Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 89 (1827)

= Festuca rubra var. altaica Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 11 (1928)

= Festuca rubra var. amethystina Wirtg.; 206 (1841)

= Festuca rubra var. angustifolia Roth; 45 (1788), nom. inval., et 125 (1789)

= Festuca rubra var. atrata Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 11 (1928)

= Festuca rubra var. baicalensis Griseb.; C. F. von Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 352 (1852)

= Festuca rubra var. barbata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 139 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. caesia (Fr.) Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 21 (1852)

= Festuca rubra var. cambrica (Huds.) Sm.; Engl. Fl. 1: 142 (1824)

= Festuca rubra var. caulispicula Enustsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 48: 52 (2017)

= Festuca rubra var. cinerea Heynh.; Nom. Bot. Hort.: 332 (1840)

= Festuca rubra var. commutata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 287 (1828)

= Festuca rubra var. diversifolia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 287 (1828)

= Festuca rubra var. dumetorum (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 39 (1830)

= Festuca rubra var. duriuscula (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 39 (1830)

= Festuca rubra var. duriuscula Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 289 (1828)

= Festuca rubra var. fraterculae Rasm.; Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 66: 110 (1927)

= Festuca rubra var. glabra Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 135 (1877), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. glabrata Hultén; Fl. Alaska Yukon: 246 (1942), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. glauca Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae: 112 (1839)

= Festuca rubra var. glauca Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1862: 27 (1862)

= Festuca rubra var. glaucescens Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 63 (1824)

= Festuca rubra var. glaucodea Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: ? (1906)

= Festuca rubra var. hirsuta Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 99 (1830)

= Festuca rubra var. hirta Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1862: 27 (1862)

= Festuca rubra var. latifolia Roth; 45 (1788), nom. inval., et 125 (1789)

= Festuca rubra var. magnelii (Litard.) Auquier; Lejeunia, n.s., 57: 17 (1971)

= Festuca rubra var. major Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 1: 139 (1825)

= Festuca rubra var. maritima Bréb.; Fl. Normandie: 375 (1835)

= Festuca rubra var. megastachya Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 287 (1828)

= Festuca rubra var. muramatsui Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 66 (1932)

= Festuca rubra var. nemoralis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 88 (1827)

= Festuca rubra var. pacifica Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 2 (1935)

= Festuca rubra var. paludicola Kom.; Fl. Kamtschatka 1: 188 (1927)

= Festuca rubra var. pascua Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 20 (1852)

= Festuca rubra var. pauciflora Scribn.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 123 (1893)

= Festuca rubra var. planifolia Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 140 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. pratensis Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 39 (1830), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca rubra var. pubescens Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3(2): 574 (1856)

= Festuca rubra var. pubescens Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 1: 139 (1825)

= Festuca rubra var. pubiflora N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe: 324 (1838)

= Festuca rubra var. radnensis Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rubra var. scopulorum Andersson; Pl. Scand. 2: 21 (1852)

= Festuca rubra var. squarrosa Fr. & Hartm.; C. J. Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl.: 60 (1820)

= Festuca rubra var. stapfiana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 398 (1928)

= Festuca rubra var. subvillosa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 654 (1823)

= Festuca rubra var. tenuifolia (Howarth) Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 46: 317 (1924)

= Festuca rubra var. villosa G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 621 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. vivipara Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 122 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Festuca scabrescens Hack. ex Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 215 (1895)

= Festuca septiflora Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 268 (1782)

= Festuca siracusana Jan ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 632 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca subcontorta Gand.; Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 35 (1883)

= Festuca subglaucescens Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 234 (2015) nom. nov. for Festuca glaucescens Hegetschw.

= Festuca unifaria var. izhorica Tzvelev; Botanika (Minsk) 39: 122 (2010)

= Festuca vaudensis Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 205 (1913)

= Festuca villiflora Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 313 (1854)

= Festuca villosa Schweigg.; K. G. Hagen, Chlor. Boruss.: 35 (1819)

= Festuca viridis Panz. ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 397 (1824), pro syn.

= Festuca waldsteinii Degen; Fl. Veleb. 1: 549 (1936)

= Gramen rubrum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 331 (1914)

= Schedonorus dumetorum (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

variant :

var. arenaria (Osbeck) Fr.; Fl. Hal. 28 (1819)

Name: Sand-Rot-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; European Russia; Siberia; Russian Far East; China; Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maine, Missouri, Oregon, Vermont, Washington State, Wyoming)

10 FIN NOR SWE 11 GER 14 EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arenaria Osbeck; Retz. Suppl. I. Fl. Scandinav. 4 (1788)

= Festuca arenaria var. glabrata Lebel ex Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3: 574 (1856)

= Festuca dumetorum proles arenaria (Osbeck) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 203 (1913)

= Festuca kitaibeliana Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 398 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. villosa Schweigg.; 228 (1812), non Mert. & W. D. J. Koch

= Festuca rubra f. arenaria (Osbeck) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 735 (1901)

= Festuca rubra f. arenaria (Osbeck) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 263 (1922), isonym

= Festuca rubra subsp. arenaria (Osbeck) Aresch.; Skanes Fl.: 197 (1866)

= Festuca rubra subsp. kitaibeliana Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 23 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. villosa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) S.L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 83 (2002)

= Festuca rubra subvar. arenaria (Fr.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 140 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. glabrata (Lebel ex Godr.) Lambinon; Lejeunia, n.s., 17: 49 (1963)

= Festuca rubra var. pubescens Vasey ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 607 (1896) [nom. illeg., non Spenn. 1825]

= Festuca rubra var. villosa (Schweigg.) Homann; 56 (1828)

= Festuca rubra var. villosa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 653 (1823)

= Festuca rubra var. villosa Vasey ex Macoun; Cat. Canad. Pl. 2(4): 236 (1888) [nom. nud.]

= Festuca villosa (Schweigg.) K.G.Hagen; 34 (1819)

variant :

var. clarkei Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 353 (1896)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Pakistan; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca clarkei (Stapf) B.S.Sun; Fl. Yunnanica 9: 251 (2003)

= Festuca rubra subsp. clarkei (Stapf) St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 62 (1927)

variant :

var. juncea (Hack.) Zapal.; 179 (1905)

Name: Binsen-Rot-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Albania; Greece; Estonia; Lithuania; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 ALB GRC 14 EST LIT

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. juncea (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 99 (1890)

= Festuca rubra var. juncea (Hack.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 585 (1928), isonym

= Festuca rubra subsp. juncea (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 117 (1971 publ. 1972), isonym

= Festuca rubra subvar. juncea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 139 (1882)

= Festuca steineri Patzke; Decheniana, cxvii. 195 (1964)

= Festuca unifaria Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 104 (1824)

variant :

var. litoralis G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 621 (1836)

Name: Strand-Rot-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein); Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Estonia

10 DEN GRB SWE 11 GER 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 14 EST

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis (G.Mey.) Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg 38: 191 (1968)

= Festuca salina Natho & Stohr; Feddes Repert. 88(78): 418 (1977), nom. nov., non F. salina J. Kern ex Hack.

variant :

var. mediana Pavlick; Phytologia 57(1): 8 (1985)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia)

71 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra subsp. mediana (Pavlick) Pavlick; Phytologia 82(2): 77 (1997)

= Festuca rubra var. littoralis Vasey ex Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 607 (1896), nom. illeg., non Hack.

variant :

var. musashiensis (Honda) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 112 (1941)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca musashiensis Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo, Sect. Ill. Bot. 3: 47 (1930)

variant :

var. nankotaizanensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 52 (1936)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nankotaizanensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 5: 52, in syn., et in Acta. Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 1937 6: 151 (1936)

variant :

var. niitakensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 52 (1936)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca niitakensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 5: 53, in syn., et in Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 1937 6: 151 (1936)

variant :

var. pruinosa (Hack.) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: ? (1906)

Distribution: Iceland; England; Portugal; NW-Spain; W-France; Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon)

10 GRB ICE 12 FRA POR SPA 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca densiuscula (Hack. ex Piper) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 87(2): 113 (1982)

= Festuca pruinosa (Hack.) Patzke; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)

= Festuca rubra subsp. densiuscula Hack. ex Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa (Hack.) Piper; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra subvar. densiuscula (Hack. ex Piper) St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 65 (1927)

= Festuca rubra subvar. pruinosa Hack.; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1884: 119 (1885)

= Festuca rubra var. densiuscula Hack. ex Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 22 (1906)

= Festuca rubra var. pruinosa (Hack.) Keble Martin & Fraser; Fl. Devon: 7125 (1939), isonym

variant :

var. secunda (J.Presl) Scribn.; Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 39 (1899)

Distribution: Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington State)

70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus secundus J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 263 (1830)

= Festuca rubra subsp. secunda (J.Presl) Pavlick; Phytologia 57(1): 6 (1985)

subspecies :

subsp. daghestanica Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 92 (1973)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca daghestanica (Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; Ovsyanitsy Kavkaza: 77 (1980)

subspecies :

subsp. scotica S.Cunn. ex Al-Bermani; Watsonia 18(3): 315 (1991)

Distribution: Scotland

10 GRB

subspecies :

subsp. thessalica Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel (Zürich) 56: 144 (1976)

Distribution: N-Greece (Pindhos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. vallicola (Rydb.) Pavlick; Phytologia 57(1): 13 (1985)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Yukon); USA (Montana, Wyoming)

70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca vallicola Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 57 (1900)

species :

Festuca rupicaprina (Hack.) A.J.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. 3: 145 (1884)

Name: Gämsen-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Slovenia

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 13 SLV

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca halleri subsp. rupicaprina (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 829 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. rupicaprina Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 114 (1882)

species :

Festuca rupicola Heuff.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 233 (1858)

Name: Furchen-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France (Alsace); N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Lithuania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; W-Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); China (Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, NW-Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan)

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN 36 CHI

Remarks: ovina agg., valesiaca group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca anceps Kit.; Linnaea 32: 314 (1864)

= Festuca colorata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 788 (1866)

= Festuca duernsteinensis J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 116 (1922)

= Festuca duriuscula f. inaequata Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 284 (1878)

= Festuca duriuscula f. pauciflora Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 196 (1858)

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 417 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ganeschinii Drobow; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 14: 175 (1915)

= Festuca glaberrima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 791 (1866)

= Festuca granitica J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: 179 (1917)

= Festuca megaphylla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 789 (1866)

= Festuca ovina proles sulcata (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 211 (1913)

= Festuca ovina subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 405 (1881)

= Festuca ovina subvar. barbulata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 105 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. hispida Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 105 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subvar. sulcatiformis Markgr.-Dann.; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 28: 204 (1950), no Latin descr.

= Festuca ovina var. fissa J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 166 (1940)

= Festuca ovina var. hirsuta (Gaudin) Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 267 (1833)

= Festuca ovina var. juncifolia J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 166 (1940)

= Festuca ovina var. sulcata Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 405 (1881)

= Festuca ovina var. sulcatiformis Markgr.-Dann.; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 28: 208 (1950)

= Festuca pallens subsp. colorata (Schur) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 121: 63 (1974)

= Festuca recognita f. glabra Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1928(3-4): 7 (1928)

= Festuca recognita f. subglabrata Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1928(3-4): 7 (1928)

= Festuca recognita Reverd.; Animadvers. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk., Nos. 3-4. P. 7 (1928)

= Festuca rupicola f. almasului (A.Nyár. & Serb.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 552 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. ciliata (Podp.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. colorata (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 555 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. glaberrima (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 555 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. glaucantha-hirsuta (Weighart ex Habrovcová) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. hackelii (Zapal.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. hispida (Hack.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 551 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. inaequata (Kit. ex Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. incurvata (Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. longifolia (Nyár. & Prodan) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. megaphylla (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. minor Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 791 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. pauciflora (Heuff.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. portensis (Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. prorepens (Rohlena) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 111 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. pseudobulbosa (Nyár. & Soó) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. strictiflora (Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 551 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. submutica Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 555 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola f. supinoides (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 555 (1972), nom. inval.

= Festuca rupicola f. tricostata (Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca rupicola subsp. colorata (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 389 (1977 publ. 1978)

= Festuca rupicola var. coziae (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 552 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola var. dacica Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social Roman. 12: 790 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola var. hirsuta (Hack.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 40 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola var. hispida (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10: 376 (1964)

= Festuca rupicola var. retezatensis Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 791 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola var. rodnensis Beldie; Fl. Republ Social, Roman. 12: 791 (1972)

= Festuca rupicola var. sulcata (Hack.) Soó; Erdélyi Mezöség Fl.: 11 (1949)

= Festuca rupicola var. sulcatiformis (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann. ex Stohr; Schlechtendalia 7: 29 (2001)

= Festuca stricta subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Patzke; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 108: 506 (1961), nom. inval.

= Festuca stricta subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Patzke ex Joch.Müll.; Haussknechtia 7: 67 (1999)

= Festuca sulcata (Hack.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 103 (1890)

= Festuca sulcata (Hack.) Nyman; 828 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sulcata subf. hirtiflora Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Biol. Veg. 16(3): 177 (1964)

= Festuca sulcata f. almasului A.Nyár. & Serb.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 176 (1964)

= Festuca sulcata f. ciliata Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 10 (1920)

= Festuca sulcata f. glaucantha-hirsuta Weighart ex Habrovcová; Kvetena Moravy 6: 155 (1926)

= Festuca sulcata f. hackelii Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 75 (1906)

= Festuca sulcata f. incurvata Nyár.; Acta Bot. (Szeged) 1: 32 (1942)

= Festuca sulcata f. longifolia Nyár. & Prodan; Fl. Român., ed. 2: 1235 (1939)

= Festuca sulcata f. portensis Nyár.; Rev. Biol. (Bucharest), n.s., 9: 162 (1963)

= Festuca sulcata f. prorepens Rohlena; Acta Bot. Bohem. 2: 4 (1923)

= Festuca sulcata f. pseudobulbosa Nyár. & Soó; Szekely Fl., Suppl.: 12 (1943)

= Festuca sulcata f. strictiflora Nyár.; Bot. Közlem. 38: 131 (1941)

= Festuca sulcata f. tricostata Nyár.; Rev. Biol. (Bucharest), n.s., 9: 163 (1963)

= Festuca sulcata subsp. barbulata (Hack.) K.Richt.; 96 (1890)

= Festuca sulcata var. coziae A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 176 (1964)

= Festuca sulcata var. rupicola (Heuff.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 829 (1882)

= Festuca sulcatiformis (Markgr.-Dann.) Patzke & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010), nom. inval.

= Festuca sulcatifrons A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 184 (1964)

= Festuca supinoides A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 184 (1964), no type indicated.

= Festuca triplicifolia J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 66: 126 (1917)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. rupicola (Heuff.) Simonk.; 588 (1887)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 478 (1900)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 333 (1908)

= Festuca valesiaca var. ganeschinii (Drobow) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 42 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca var. hirsuta (Gaudin) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 78(3): 109 (1973), with incorrect basionym.

= Festuca valesiaca var. sulcata (Hack.) Börner; 781 (1912)

= Festuca vindobonensis J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 66: 129 (1917)

= Festuca ×subspicata A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 184 (1964), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca sabalanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 80(2): 113 (1975)

Distribution: NW-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Festuca salzmannii (Boiss.) Boiss. ex Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit.: 131 (1851)

Distribution: S-, E- & C-Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); SE-France; Greece [I]; Morocco; Algeria; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; Turkey [I] (W-Anatolia [I]); Cyprus [I]

12 BAL FRA SPA 13 grc 20 ALG MOR 34 cyp eai tur

Synonyms: hidden

= Brachypodium salzmannii (Boiss.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 426 (1855)

= Catapodium salzmannii (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 634 (1884)

= Narduroides salzmannii (Boiss.) Rouy; Fl. Fr. 14: 301 (1913)

= Nardurus filiformis (Salzm. ex Willk. & Lange) C.Vicioso; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6(2): 14 (1946), nom. illeg.

= Nardurus salzmannii Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844)

= Triticum filiforme Salzm. ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667 (1844), pro syn.

= Triticum filiforme Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 116 (1861), pro syn.

species :

Festuca samensis Joch.Müll.; Brittonia 58(1): 43 (2006)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija)

83 BOL

species :

Festuca sanctae-martae Stancík; Preslia 75(4): 343 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca sanjappae Chandra Sek. & S.K.Srivast.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(2): 72 (2005)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh)

40 IND

species :

Festuca sardoa (Hack. ex Barbey) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 104 (1890)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia

12 COR SAR

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pumila subsp. sardoa (Barbey) Litard.; Candollea 10: 115 (1945)

= Festuca pumila var. sardoa (Barbey) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 139 (1923)

= Festuca varia subsp. sardoa Hack.; Barbey, Fl. Sard. Comp.: 71 (1885)

species :

Festuca saurica E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 21(1976)

Distribution: Kazakhstan (Altai: Saur Mts.)

32 KAZ

species :

Festuca saximontana Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 536 (1909)

Name: Rocky Mountain fescue

Distribution: Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla subsp. saximontana (Rydb.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 38(1): 242 (1942)

= Festuca brachyphylla var. rydbergii (Gleason) A.Cronquist; Gleason & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. NorthE. U.S. Canad., ed. 2: 864 (1991)

= Festuca canadensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 88(5): 104 (1983)

= Festuca ovina f. purpurascens Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 308 (1911)

= Festuca ovina f. saximontana (Rydb.) Carpenter; Dole, Fl. Vermont, ed. 3: 41 (1937)

= Festuca ovina subsp. saximontana (Rydb.) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 245 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. purpurascens (Hayata) Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 50 (1930)

= Festuca ovina var. rydbergii (St.-Yves) Cronquist; H. A. Gleason & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. Northeast. U. S. & Adjacent Canada, ed. 2: 864 (1991)

= Festuca ovina var. rydbergii St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 245 (1925)

= Festuca ovina var. saximontana (Rydb.) Gleason; Phytologia 4: 21 (1952)

= Festuca saximontana var. robertsiana Pavlick; Canad. J. Bot. 62: 2452 (1984)

variant :

var. purpusiana (St.-Yves) Fred. & Pavlick; Nordic J. Bot. 2(6): 534 (1983)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northern Territories, Yukon); USA (California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. purpusiana St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 247 (1925)

= Festuca purpusiana (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 406 (1976)

= Festuca saximontana subsp. purpusiana (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1254 (1971)

species :

Festuca scabra Vahl; Symb. Bot. 2: 21 (1791)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dactylis capitata L.f.; Suppl. Pl.: 110 (1782)

= Dactylis laevis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 22 (1794)

= Dactylis serrata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 22 (1794)

= Festuca aspera Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 2: 635 (1812), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca laevis (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 355 (1824)

= Festuca laevis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 313 (1864), nom. inval.

= Festuca neesiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 631 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca rochelii Kit.; Linnaea 32: 313 (1864)

= Festuca scabra var. elongata Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 445 (1841)

= Festuca scabra var. interrupta Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 445 (1841)

= Festuca serrata (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 355 (1824)

= Festuca vaginata Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar.: 32 (1828), nom. nud.

= Lasiochloa capitata (L.f.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 631 (1917)

= Lasiochloa laevis (Thunb.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 388 (1833)

= Lasiochloa serrata (Thunb.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 388 (1833)

= Schedonorus scaber Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 529 (1841), pro syn.

species :

Festuca scabrella Torr. ex Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 252, pl. 233 (1840)

Name: Rough fescue

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Alberta); USA (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Colorado)

71 CDN 73 USA

Remarks: sometimes included in F. altaica

Synonyms: hidden

= Dalucum campestre (Rydb.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 234 (1918)

= Festuca altaica f. pallida Jordal; Rhodora 54: 36 (1952)

= Festuca altaica f. vivipara Jordal; Rhodora 54: 36 (1952)

= Festuca altaica subsp. scabrella (Torr. ex Hook.) Hultén; Fl. Alaska Yukon: 241 (1942)

= Festuca altaica var. major (Vasey) Gleason; Phytologia 4: 21 (1952)

= Festuca altaica var. scabrella (Torr. ex Hook.) Breitung; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 58: 12 (1957)

= Festuca campestris Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 57 (1900) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca confinis subsp. rabiosa Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 41 (1906)

= Festuca doreana Looman & Best; Progr. Res. Res. Branch Canada Dep. Agric. 1662: 128 (1979), pro syn.

= Festuca kingii var. rabiosa (Piper) Hitchc.; Amer. J. Bot. 21: 128 (1934)

= Festuca scabrella var. major Vasey; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 1(8): 278 (1893)

= Hesperochloa kingii var. rabiosa (Piper) Swallen; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 45 (1941)

species :

Festuca scabriculmis (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 104 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. scabriculmis

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca pumila var. scabriculmis (Hack.) Litard.; Candollea 10: 114 (1945)

= Festuca varia proles scabriculmis (Hack.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 218 (1913)

= Festuca varia var. cenisia Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 176 (1882)

= Festuca varia var. scabriculmis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 176 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. luedii Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 324 (1978)

Distribution: Switzerland

11 SWI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca luedii (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi, Gr.Rossi, Parolo & Wallossek; Inform. Bot. Ital. 39(1): 213 (2007)

species :

Festuca scabrifolia Renvoize; Gramineas de Bolivia: 109 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dissitiflora var. trachyphylla St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 250 (1927)

species :

Festuca scariosa (Lag.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 502 (1900)

Distribution: S- & E-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca granatensis Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov.: 93 (1838)

= Poa scariosa Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 3 (1816)

species :

Festuca schischkinii Krivot.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 83 (1955)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Festuca scholziana Domina & El Mokni; Phytotaxa 409(3): 116 (2019), nom. nov.

Distribution: Tunisia; Libya

20 LBY TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia gracilis Scholz; Willdenowia 5: 109 (1968)

species :

Festuca sciurea Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 147 (1837)

Name: Squirreltail fescue

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dasiola elliotea Raf.; Neogenyton: 4 (1825)

= Festuca monandra Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 170 (1816) [nom. inval.]

= Festuca quadriflora Walter; Fl. Carol. 81 (1788) [nom. illeg., non Honck. 1782]

= Vulpia elliotea (Raf.) Fernald; Rhodora 47: 106 (1945)

= Vulpia quadriflora Trin. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot (ed. 2) 2: 780 (1841) [nom. nov.]

= Vulpia sciurea (Nutt.) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937)

species :

Festuca segimonensis Fuente, J.Müll. & Ortúñez; An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 57(1): 178 (1999), nom. nov.

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca hackelii (St.-Yves) Fuente & Ortúñez; Biosist. secc. Festuca del gen. Festuca en la Penins. Iber: 81 (1998), homonym, non Richt. 1890

= Festuca indigesta subsp. hackeliana (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. hackelii (St.-Yves) Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2.A, 54: 97 (1980-1981 publ. 1980)

= Festuca ovina subsp. hackelii St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 356 (1909)

= Festuca ovina var. hackeliana St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 62 (1922)

species :

Festuca serana Markgr.-Dann.; Blumea 41(1): 221 (1996)

Distribution: Moluccas (Seram)

42 MOL

species :

Festuca sicula C.Presl; Gram. Sicul.: 20 (1819)

Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 COR FRA SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca setacea Parl.; G. Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 83 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sicula subvar. setacea Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 171 (1855)

= Festuca sicula var. setacea (Coss. & Durieu) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 554 (1901)

= Festuca thomasiana J.Gay ex Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 92 (1837)

= Festuca thomasiana var. subaristata Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 93 (1837)

= Loretia setacea (Parl.) Duval-Jouve; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), II 2: 40 (1880)

= Vilfa sicula (C.Presl) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 768 (1841)

= Vulpia avenella Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 338 (1909)

= Vulpia hackelii Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 339 (1909)

= Vulpia parlatoris Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 337 (1909)

= Vulpia setacea Parl.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 15: 297 (1841)

= Vulpia sicula (C.Presl) Link; Hort. Berot. 2: 272 (1833)

= Vulpia sicula proles setacea (Parl.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 75 (1934)

= Vulpia sicula subsp. setacea (Parl.) Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 220 (1895)

= Vulpia sicula var. setacea (Parl.) Hack.; Barbey, Fl. Sard. Comp.: 71 (1885)

species :

Festuca sikkimensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 97 (1978)

Distribution: N-India (Sikkim)

40 IND

species :

Festuca simensis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 433 (1850)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya

23 BIO CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca congolensis St.-Yves; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II 4: 346 (1932)

species :

Festuca simlensis (Stapf) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 110 (1978)

Distribution: N-Pakistan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Simla)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca kashmiriana var. simlensis Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 351 (1896)

species :

Festuca simpliciuscula (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(3): 351 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Santa Cruz)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rubra var. simpliciuscula Hack.; Ark. Bot. 7(2): 10, f. 2 (1907)

species :

Festuca sinensis Keng ex E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 93(1): 112 (1988)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sinensis Keng ex S.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 536-537 (1992)

species :

Festuca sipylea (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 110 (1976)

Distribution: Crete; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

13 KRI 34 TUR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. sipylea Hack.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 24: 128 (1908)

species :

Festuca skrjabinii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 84(5): 123 (1979)

Distribution: Siberia (Yakutia)

30 SIB

species :

Festuca skvortsovii E.B.Alexeev; Byull Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 76(2): 119 (1971)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)

33 ARM AZE

species :

Festuca sodiroana Hack. ex E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(11): 1545 (1984)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sodiroana Hack.; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador (1889): 10. 1889. [nom. nud.]

= Festuca pichinchae Hack. ex Sodiro; Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 3(25): 483 (1889), nom. nud.

species :

Festuca sommieri Litard.; Candollea 10: 108 (1945), nom. nov.

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia); NE-Turkey

33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca longearistata (Hack.) Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 4: 212 (1897), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. longearistata Hack.; N. M. Alboff, Prodr. Fl. Colchic.: 263 (1895), nom. illeg.

species :

Festuca soratana E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1244 (1985), nom. nov.

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tectoria var. mutica St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 243 (1927)

species :

Festuca sororia Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 198 (1913)

Name: Ravine fescue

Distribution: USA (Utah, S-Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca subulata var. sororia (Piper) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 285 (1925)

species :

Festuca soukupii Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39(1): 103 (2004)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Nariño, Risaralda, Tolima); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Festuca sphagnicola B.Keller; Zap. Voronezh. Selsk. Inst. 11: 78 (1928)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Sayan, West Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia (Altai)

30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON

Remarks: ovina agg., tetraploid

species :

Festuca spiralifibrosa J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 385 (1935)

Distribution: Montenegro

13 MNT

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Festuca staroplaninica Velchev; Phytol. Balcan. 8(1): 5 (2002)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Festuca stebeckii Renvoize; Gramineas de Bolivia: 121 (1998)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

Conservation Status: Known only from type

species :

Festuca steinbachii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1243 (1985)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

Conservation Status: Known only from type

species :

Festuca stenantha (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 96 (1890)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: halleri agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca halleri subsp. stenantha (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 335 (1906)

= Festuca halleri var. stenantha (Hack.) Brand; W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3, 3: 2771 (1907)

= Festuca laevis var. stenantha (Hack.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 828 (1882)

= Festuca ovina proles stenantha (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 482 (1900)

= Festuca ovina var. stenantha (Hack.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 135 (1923)

= Festuca ovina var. stenantha Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 110 (1882)

species :

Festuca stojanovii (Acht.) Foggi & Petrova; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

Distribution: ?Bulgaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dalmatica subsp. stojanovii Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 17 (1953)

species :

Festuca stricta Host; Gram. Austr. 2. 62 (1802)

subspecies :

subsp. stricta

Name: Steifer Schwingel, Steifer Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; ?Poland; Slovakia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; E-Romania

11 AUT SLO SWI 13 CRO ITA ROM SLV

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca bauzanina subsp. rhaetica S.Arndt; Pl. Syst. Evol. 271(3-4): 136 (2008)

= Festuca brevipila var. multinervis (Stohr) Dengler; Kieler Not. Pflanzenk. Schleswig-Holstein Hamburg 24: 5 (1996)

= Festuca duvalii var. multinervis Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 399 (1960)

= Festuca intermedia Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 715 (1817), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca stricta f. braunii Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17 (1-2): 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca stricta var. multinervis (Stohr) Kerguélen & Plonka; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n.s., 19: 20 (1988)

= Festuca trachyphylla var. multinervis (Stohr) Stohr ex Auquier; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Grand-Duché Luxemb., Nord France: 749 (1973)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. stricta (Host) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 334 (1906)

= Festuca ×rhaetica (S.Arndt) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa: 269 (2010), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. carnuntina (R.Tracey) Pils; Phyton (Austria) 24(1): 54 (1984)

Distribution: E-Austria (Hainburger Berge, W of Bratislava)

11 AUT

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca carnuntina R.Tracey; Pl. Syst. Evol., 128(3-4): 289 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. saxatilis (Schur) Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

Distribution: Slovakia; Romania; European Russia; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

11 SLO 13 ROM 14 RUS UKR 33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rupicola subsp. saxatilis (Schur) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 63: 276 (1960)

= Festuca rupicola subsp. saxatilis (Schur) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971), isonym

= Festuca rupicola var. saxatilis (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca saxatilis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 791 (1866)

= Festuca sulcata subsp. saxatilis (Schur) K.Richt.

= Festuca sulcata var. saxatilis (Schur) Nyár.

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. saxatilis (Schur) E.B.Alexeev; Vestn. Moskovsk. Univ., Ser. 6, Biol. 5: 49 (1972)

species :

Festuca subalpina D.M.Chang & Skvortsov; Acta Soc. Harbin. Investig. Nat. Ethnogr., Bot., No. 12, 29(1954), et ex S. L. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 537-539, f. 4, 1-6 (1992)

Distribution: China (Jilin)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca subantarctica Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 225 (1953)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca commersonii Franch.; Miss. Sci. Cape Horn, Bot. 5: 388, pl. 8, f. c (1889) [nom. illeg., non Spreng. 1825]

= Festuca neuquenensis var. parodiana St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 298 (1927)

species :

Festuca subhirtella (Krajina ex Domin) M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr.: 26 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca psammophila f. subhirtella Krajina ex Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 196, 198 (1930)

species :

Festuca subulata Trin.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 173 (1832)

Name: Bearded fescue

Distribution: Canada (Queen Charlotte Isl., Vancouver Isl., British Columbia, SW-Alberta); USA (Washington, W-Oregon, Idaho, NW-California, Montana, Utah, NW-Colorado, W-South Dakota)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca jonesii Vasey; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 1(8): 278 (1893)

= Festuca subulata var. jonesii (Vasey) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 284 (1925)

species :

Festuca subuliflora Scribn.; Cat. Canad. Pl. 2(5): 396 (1890)

Name: Crinkleawn fescue

Distribution: Canada (Vancouver Isl., British Columbia); USA (Washington, W-Oregon, Idaho, NW-California)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ambigua Vasey; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 1(8): 277 (1893) [nom. illeg., non Le Gal. 1852]

= Festuca denticulata Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 589 (1896) [nom. nov.]

species :

Festuca subulifolia Benth.; Pl. Hartw. 262 (1839)

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Nariño, Putumayo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia

82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca breviaristata Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 717 (1898)

= Festuca ferreyrae Tovar; Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado, B 32: 8 (1984)

= Festuca tolucensis var. subulifolia (Benth.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 215 (1927)

species :

Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 17: 52 (1980)

Name: Nodding Fescue

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia); USA (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, E-Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, N-Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine)

71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca nutans var. palustris Muhl. ex Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 34 (1906) [nom. inval., as syn. of Festuca obtusa ´Spreng.´]

= Festuca obtusa Biehler; Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng.: 11 (1807)

= Festuca obtusa f. pilosifolia Dore; Nat. Canad., 103(6): 560 (1976)

= Festuca obtusa var. sprengeliana St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 276 (1925) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca pseudoduriuscula Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 312 (1854)

= Festuca subverticillata f. pilosifolia (Dore) Darbysh.; Phytologia 82(2): 77 (1997)

= Panicum debile Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 4: 283 (1816), nom. illeg.

= Panicum divaricatum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 50 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Panicum gracilentum Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 4: 276 (1816)

= Panicum patentissimum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 448 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Poa brachiata Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 100 (1831) [nom. nov.]

= Poa festucoides J.Leconte ex Torr.; Man. Bot. ed 2. 367 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Poa laxa Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 183 (1791) [nom. illeg., non Haenke 1791]

= Poa melicoidea Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 186 (1827)

= Poa subverticillata Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 92 (1805) [nom. nov.]

= Schedonorus obtusus (Biehler) Biehler ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 710 (1817)

= Steinchisma divaricatum Raf.; Ser. Bull. Bot. 1: 220 (1830)

= Steinchisma divaricatum Raf. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 982 (1895)

species :

Festuca sudanensis E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(9): 1264 (1987)

Distribution: South Sudan

24 SSU

species :

Festuca sumapana Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 144 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Meta)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca sumatrana Jansen; Acta Bot. Neerl. 2: 373 (1953)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

species :

Festuca superba Parodi ex Türpe; Darwiniana 15: 210 (1969)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca supina Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 784 (1866)

Name: Sudeten-Schwingel, Kleiner Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Italy; Slovenia; ?Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

11 AUT CZE GER LIE POL SLO SWI 13 BUL ITA KOS ROM SLV 14 UKR 32 KAZ 33 GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: ovina agg., supina group. Not in France or Pyrenees.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula var. alpina Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 85 (1827)

= Festuca ovina proles supina (Schur) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 210 (1913)

= Festuca ovina subsp. supina (Schur) Oborny; Fl. Mähren: 151 (1882)

= Festuca ovina subsp. supina (Schur) Piper & Beattie; Fl. N. W. Coast: 58 (1915)

= Festuca ovina subvar. grandiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 89 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. alpina (Wimm. & Grab.) Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3: 571 (1856)

= Festuca ovina var. grandiflora (Hack.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz, ed. 2, 1: 26 (1905)

= Festuca ovina var. sudetica Kitt.; Taschenb. Fl. Deutschl., ed. 3, 1: 125 (1853)

= Festuca ovina var. supina (Schur) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 88 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. supina (Schur) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 551 (1891)

= Festuca supina var. mutica Simonk.; 587 (1887)

= Gnomonia ovina var. supina (Schur) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 224 (1915)

species :

Festuca swallenii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1495 (1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero); Panama

79 MEX 80 PAN

species :

Festuca talamancensis Davidse; Novon 2(4): 324, f. 1E-F (1992)

Distribution: Costa Rica

80 COS

species :

Festuca tancitaroensis Gonz.-Led. & S.D.Koch; Novon 4(1): 25, f. 1 (1994)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca tarmensis Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 515 (1906)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca scirpifolia subsp. tarmensis (Pilg.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 232 (1927)

species :

Festuca tatrae (Czakó) Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 171 (1904)

Name: Tatra-Schwingel

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia

11 POL SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca amethystina var. tatrae Czakó; Jahrb. Ung. Karpathen-Vereines 15: 271 (1888)

= Festuca amethystina subsp. tatrae (Czakó) Soó

species :

Festuca taurica (Hack.) A.J.Kern. ex Trautv.; Acta Horti Petrop. 9: 327 (1884)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea

13 BUL GRC 14 KRY RUS UKR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. taurica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 104 (1882)

species :

Festuca tectoria St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 240 (1927)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca teneriffae Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 78 (1821)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia teneriffae (Roth) Henrard; Blumea 2: 323 (1937)

species :

Festuca thracica (Acht.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 101 (1976)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; N-Greece

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca duriuscula f. thracica Acht.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 3: 12 (1953)

species :

Festuca thurberi Vasey; Cat. Pl. 56 (1874)

Name: Thurber´s fescue

Distribution: USA (S-Oregon, Utah, S-Wyoming, Colorado, SE-Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tolucensis subsp. thurberi (Vasey) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 304 (1925)

= Poa festucoides Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 723 (1895) [nom. illeg., non Lam. 1791]

= Poa kaibensis M.E.Jones; Erythea 4: 36 (1896)

species :

Festuca tibetica (Stapf) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 118 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca valesiaca var. tibetica Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 349 (1896)

species :

Festuca ticinensis (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 328 (1978)

Distribution: S-Switzerland; N-Italy

11 SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. ticinensis Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rübel Zürich 57: 62 (1976)

species :

Festuca toca Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 124 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Norte de Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca tolucensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 1: 153 (1816)

subspecies :

subsp. tolucensis

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Colombia (Magdalena); Ecuador; Peru

79 MEX 80 COS GUA 82 CLM 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Diplachne tolucensis (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 351 (1824)

= Festuca aspera Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca liebmannii E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 582 (1885)

= Festuca multiculmis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 310 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. aequipaleata (E.Fourn.) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 198 (1913)

Distribution: Mexico

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aequipaleata E.Fourn. ex E.Fourn.; Mex. Pl. Enum, Gram. 125 (1886)

= Festuca aequipaleata E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 581 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. culata Stancík; Nordic J. Bot. 23(2): 203 (2004)

Distribution: Venezuela (Merida, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tolucensis subsp. culata (Stancik) Stancík & P.M.Peterson; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 56: 141 (2007)

subspecies :

subsp. perijae Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 146 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Festuca tovarensis Stancík & P.M.Peterson; Sida 20(1): 24 (2002)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL PER

species :

Festuca trabutii E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 39 (1977) [nom. nov.]

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alekseevii Fern.Casas & Laínz; Fontqueria 4: 37 (1983), nom. nov. illeg.

= Festuca algeriensis E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 55 (1974), nom. illeg.

= Festuca laevis var. brevifolia Trab.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 213 (1895)

species :

Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R.P.Murray; Proc. Somersetshire Archeol. Nat. Hist. Soc. 41: 418 (1895)

Name: Raublatt-Schwingel, Raublättriger Schaf-Schwingel (DE), Hard fescue (EN)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Croatia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; China [I]; Japan (Shikoku); Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE NET POL SWI 12 cis FRA 13 CRO 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 36 chi 38 JAP 70 cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brevipila R.Tracey; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128: 287 (1977)

= Festuca cinerea var. trachyphylla (Hack.) Stohr; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 395 (1960)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. trachyphylla (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890), isonym

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. trachyphylla (Hack.) Rohlena; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prír. 24: 4 (1899)

= Festuca duriuscula var. trachyphylla (Hack.) Druce; Fl. Oxfordshire: 348 (1886)

= Festuca duvalii f. barbulata Auquier; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39: 114 (1969)

= Festuca longifolia var. trachyphylla (Hack.) Howarth; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 35 (1925)

= Festuca ovina f. trachyphylla (Hack.) Jansen; Fl. Neerl. 1(2): 47 (1951)

= Festuca ovina subvar. trachyphylla Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 91 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. trachyphylla Hack. ex Druce; List Brit. Pl.: 83 (1908)

= Festuca ovina var. trachyphylla (Hack.) Hegi; 332 (1908)

= Festuca stricta subsp. trachyphylla (Hack.) Patzke ex Joch.Müll.; Haussknechtia 7: 67 (1999)

= Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Hack.; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 29 (1914 publ. 1915), isonym

= Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 190 (1930), isonym

= Festuca trachyphylla f. barbulata (Auquier) Auquier; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 15: 139 (1972-1973 publ. 1974)

species :

Festuca transcaucasica (St.-Yves) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh)

33 AZE

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subvar. transcaucasica St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 115 (1932)

species :

Festuca trichophylla (Ducros ex Gaudin) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 100 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. trichophylla

Name: Haarblättriger Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz); Switzerland; Austria; NE-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Croatia; Romania; ?Bulgaria

11 AUT GER SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA ROM

Remarks: rubra agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca cyrnea (Litard. & St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 327 (1978)

= Festuca cyrnea (St.-Yves & Litard.) Signorini, Foggi & E.Nardi; Taxon 52(3): 593 (2003), isonym

= Festuca dertosensis Pyke & L.Sáez; Willdenowia 46(3): 368 (2016)

= Festuca font-queri (Litard.) Romo; Willdenowia 16: 115 (1986), nom. illeg.

= Festuca iberica subsp. subscabra (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 99 (1890)

= Festuca mucronata Arv.-Touv. & Dupuy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29(Bibl.): 48 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca paucispicula Fuente & D.Sánchez; Candollea 41(2): 441 (1986), nom. nov.

= Festuca rubra proles trichophylla (Ducros ex Gaudin) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 206 (1913)

= Festuca rubra subsp. font-queri Litard.; Candollea 10: 133 (1945)

= Festuca rubra subsp. trichophylla Ducros ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 288 (1828)

= Festuca rubra subvar. subscabra Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 136 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. cyrnea St.-Yves & Litard.; Candollea 1: 19 (1922), et Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 122 (1925)

= Festuca rubra var. iberica P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 78 (1934), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. setacea Döll; 157 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rubra var. trichophylla (Ducros ex Gaudin) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 39 (1830)

= Festuca rubra var. uliginosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866)

= Festuca trichophylla subsp. uliginosa (Schur) K.Richt.; 100 (1890)

= Festuca turfosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866), nom. inval.

= Festuca uliginosa (Schur) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich: 65 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. asperifolia (St.-Yves) Al-Bermani; An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 50(2): 219 (1992)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; S-France; Greece; etc.

12 ADO FRA SPA 13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca asperifolia (St.-Yves) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

= Festuca rubra subsp. asperifolia (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, 56 (Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich, 272): 143(1976)

= Festuca rubra subvar. asperifolia St.-Yves; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 125 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. iberica (Hack.) E.López & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 304 (2020)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; SW-France (Pyrenees); Morocco

12 FRA POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca atlantigena (Litard.) Romo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16: 338 (1986)

= Festuca duriotagana Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot. 54: 91 1980-(1981 publ. 1980)

= Festuca duriotagana var. barbata Franco & Rocha Afonso; Silva Lusitana 5: 141 (1997)

= Festuca iberica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 99 (1890)

= Festuca iberica (Hack.) Patzke; Decheniana, cxvii. 195 (1964), isonym

= Festuca iberica subsp. atlantigena (Litard.) Dobignard & Portal; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2010)

= Festuca iberica subsp. yvesiana (Litard. & Maire) Dobignard & Portal; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 28:53 (2004)

= Festuca ovina var. yvesiana (Litard. & Maire) H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 16 (1932)

= Festuca rubra subsp. yvesiana (Litard. & Maire) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 345 (2001)

= Festuca rubra var. atlantigena Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 117 (1938)

= Festuca rubra var. iberica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 136 (1882)

= Festuca rubra var. yvesiana Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 25 (1927)

= Festuca surculosa Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: xxxvi (1891)

= Festuca violacea var. iberica P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 78 (1934)

= Festuca yvesiana (Litard. & Maire) Romo; Collect. Bot. 16(2): 339 (1986)

species :

Festuca trichovagina F.Z.Li; Guihaia 30(1): 26 (2010)

Distribution: China (Shandong)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca tristis Krylov & Ivanitzk.; Animadvers. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk., No. 1, p. 1 (1928)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); E-Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca sajanensis Roshev.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. URSS 28: 383 (1929)

= Festuca tristis subsp. sajanensis (Roshev.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

species :

Festuca trollii E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1245 (1985)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

species :

Festuca tschatkalica E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 27 (1976)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Festuca tschujensis Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1926(3): 1 (1936)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Kazakhstan (Altai); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca albifolia var. tschujensis (Reverd.) Serg.; P. N. Krylov, Fl. Sibir. Occ. 12: 3119 (1961)

species :

Festuca turimiquirensis Stancík & P.M.Peterson; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 56: 141 (2007)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Festuca tzvelevii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 77(6): 115 (1972)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Festuca ulochaeta Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 305 (1854)

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca); Venezuela (Aragua, Merida); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia; SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Misiones)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca leptothrix Trin. ex Döll; Mart., Fl. Bras. 2(3): 115 (1878)

= Vulpia ulochaeta Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 305 (1854), pro syn.

species :

Festuca ultramafica Connor; New Zealand J. Bot. 36(3): 363 (1998)

Distribution: New Zealand (South Isl.)

51 NZL

species :

Festuca undata Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 350 (1896)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Darjeeling, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca stapfii E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 115 (1978) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca undata var. aristata Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 351 (1896)

species :

Festuca uninodis Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 13: 520 (1906)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca binodis (Hack.) Lillo; Fl. Prov. Tucuman, Gramin. 55 (1916)

= Festuca stuckertii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 304, f. 95 (1927)

= Festuca uninodis f. binodis Hack. ex St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 234 (1927)

species :

Festuca urubambana Stancík; Novon 17(1): 103 (2007)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Festuca ustulata (Hack. ex St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 56: 112, t. 1, f. 8 (1976)

Distribution: Greece; Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina f. ustulata Hack. ex St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1008 (1925)

species :

Festuca vaginalis (Benth.) Laegaard; Novon 8(1): 30 (1998)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca vaginalis subsp. cayambae Stancík; Folia Geobot. 39: 107 (2004)

= Poa vaginalis Benth.; Pl. Hartw.: 261 (1846)

species :

Festuca vaginata Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Horti Berol. 116 (1809)

Name: Scheiden-Schwingel

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 BUL CRO ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus glaucus Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 37 (1830), pro syn.

= Festuca amethystina Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 63 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Festuca arenaria Kit. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca cana Kit. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 629 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca dominii Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 198 (1930)

= Festuca glauca subsp. buiae Prodan; Fl. Român., ed. 2: 1234 (1939)

= Festuca glauca var. vaginata (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Wimm. & Grab.; 87 (1827)

= Festuca ovina f. mucronata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 97 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. amethystina Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 354 (1866)

= Festuca ovina var. vaginata (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) W.D.J.Koch; 812 (1837)

= Festuca psammophila subsp. dominii (Krajina) P.Smarda; Pl. Syst. Evol. 266(3-4): 222 (2007)

= Festuca vaginata subsp. buiae (Prodan) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social Roman. 12: 539 (1972)

= Festuca vaginata subsp. dominii (Krajina) Soó; R. Sóo & S. A. Jávorka, Magyar Növényvilág Kézikönyve 2: 921 (1951)

= Festuca vaginata subvar. mucronata (Hack.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 18(3-4): 371 (1973)

= Festuca vaginata var. aristata Pawlus; Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 29(2): 275 (1983 publ. 1985)

= Festuca vaginata var. dominii (Krajina) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 190 (1955)

= Festuca vaginata var. dubia Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 790 (1972)

= Festuca versicolor subsp. dominii Krajina; Spisy Vydáv. Prir. Fak. Karlovy Univ. 106: 42 (1930)

= Poa glauca var. vaginata Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 87 (1827)

species :

Festuca valdesii M.González & S.D.Koch; Novon 8(2): 149 (1998)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 242 (1811)

Name: Walliser Schwingel, Walliser Schaf-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; SE-France (Alpes); Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); China (N-Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; N-India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); USA [I] (Arizona [I], Kansas [I], Montana [I], Vermont [I], Wyoming [I])

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa

Remarks: ovina agg., valesiaca group

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca communis var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Petif; Enum. Pl. Fl. Palat.: 12 (1830)

= Festuca craiovensis Buia & E.I.Nyár.; Stud. Cerc. Biol., Bucuresti, Ser. Bot. 16: 174 (1964)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Celak.; 722 (1881)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 79 (1934)

= Festuca duriuscula var. hirsuta Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 282 (1828)

= Festuca duriuscula var. parviflora Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 288 (1878)

= Festuca duriuscula var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. 1: 140 (1825)

= Festuca glauca var. filiformis Kirschl.; Prodr. Fl. Alsace: 204 (1836)

= Festuca glauca var. pannonica (Wulfen) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 194 (1955)

= Festuca kirghisorum (Kaschenko ex Tzvelev) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 65 (1979)

= Festuca kirghisorum Kaschenko; Fl. Kirgizsk. SSR 2: 151 (1950), no Latin descr.

= Festuca meredisensis A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 184 (1964)

= Festuca meredisensis f. subrupicola (Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 116 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca ovina subsp. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 211 (1913), isonym

= Festuca ovina subsp. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) F.Herm.; 70 (1912)

= Festuca ovina subvar. hirsuta (Gaudin) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 105 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca ovina var. glaucescens Kirschl.; Fl. Alsace 2: 33 (1857)

= Festuca ovina var. pannonica (Host) W.D.J.Koch; 813 (1837)

= Festuca ovina var. pannonica (Wulfen) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 354 (1866)

= Festuca ovina var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Link; Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol. 2: 267 (1833)

= Festuca ovina var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1837)

= Festuca pallens subsp. pannonica (Wulfen ex Host) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 371 (1973)

= Festuca pallens var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Opiz; Seznam: 54 (1852)

= Festuca pannonica Wulfen; N. T. Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 36 (1809), nom. rej.

= Festuca rupicola f. hirsuta (Gaudin) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 551 (1972), nom. illeg.

= Festuca rupicola subsp. kirghisorum Kaschenko ex Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1255 (1971)

= Festuca rupicola var. hirsuta (Gaudin) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 40 (1972), nom. illeg., et Botanika (Minsk) 29: 129 (2010), nom. inval.

= Festuca squamulosa Ovcz. & Shibkova; Izv. Otd. Estestv. Nauk 17: 49 (1956 publ. 1957)

= Festuca sulcata f. subrupicola Nyár.; Rev. Biol. (Bucharest), n.s., 9: 163 (1963)

= Festuca sulcata subsp. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 828 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sulcata var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Hervier; Rech. Fl. Loire 1: 54 (1885)

= Festuca sulcata var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Prantl; 120 (1884), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sulcata var. valesiaca P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 587 (1928)

= Festuca valesiaca subf. craiovensis Buia & A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 174 (1964)

= Festuca valesiaca subf. hirtula A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 168 (1964)

= Festuca valesiaca subf. longifolia Ravarut ex A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 168 (1964)

= Festuca valesiaca subf. viridis A.Nyár.; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Bot. 16: 169 (1964)

= Festuca valesiaca f. arida Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 5 (1928)

= Festuca valesiaca f. banatica Degen; Sched. Gram. Hung.: 385 (1914)

= Festuca valesiaca f. craiovensis (Buia & A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 547 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca f. crassifolia Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 5 (1928)

= Festuca valesiaca f. densiuscula Reverd.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 3-4: 5 (1928)

= Festuca valesiaca f. hirtula (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 547 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca f. longifolia (Ravarut ex A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 547 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca f. viridis (A.Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 547 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. kirghisorum (Kaschenko ex Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 410 (1976)

= Festuca valesiaca var. banatica (Degen) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 546 (1972)

= Festuca valesiaca var. pseudovalesiaca (Blocki) Zapal.; 176 (1905)

= Festuca valesiaca var. strictifolia Krajina; Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem.: f. 4 (1930)

= Festuca valesiaca var. tenuis (Hack.) Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 210 (1930)

= Sesleria valesiaca P.Beauv. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 339, 772 (1821), pro syn.

species :

Festuca valida (Uechtr.) Pénzes; Borbásia 3: 13 (1941)

subspecies :

subsp. valida

Distribution: W-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. valida R.Uechtr.; J. Velenovsky, Fl. Bulg.: 620 (1891)

subspecies :

subsp. leilaensis Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel (Zürich) 56: 167 (1976)

Distribution: Albania; N-Greece (mountains N of Serrai)

13 ALB GRC

species :

Festuca vandovii Denchev; Willdenowia 34(1): 78 (2004)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca vandovii Velchev; Phytol. Balcan. 8(1): 9 (2002), nom. inval.

species :

Festuca varia Haenke; Jacq.

Name: Bunt-Schwingel

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Ukraine; Turkey

11 AUT POL 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV 14 UKR 34 TUR

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca alpina Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 36 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Festuca bellardii Schott ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca lagascae Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca laxa Schleich. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 630 (1840), pro syn.

= Festuca lubrica Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 44 (1813), nom. inval.

= Festuca minor Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 795 (1866)

= Festuca picta J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis].: 187 (1791)

= Festuca pumila subsp. varia (Haenke) Litard.; Candollea 10: 112 (1945)

= Festuca pumila var. varia (Haenke) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 21: 172 (1914)

= Festuca spadicea Geners.; Fl. Scepus.: 90 (1798), pro syn. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 719 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Festuca spadicea Geners. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 719 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Festuca sudetica Tausch ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 633 (1840), nom. inval.

= Festuca varia var. croatica Hack.; Term. Füz. 2: 295 (1878)

= Festuca varia var. firmior Belli & Hack.; Malpighia 14: 303 (1900)

= Schedonorus varius (Haenke) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

= Tragus varius (Haenke) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1099 (1895)

species :

Festuca vasconcensis (Markgr.-Dann.) Auquier & Kerguélen (Markgr.-Dann.) Auquier & Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 320 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. vasconcensis

Distribution: N-Spain (coastal); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina subsp. vasconcensis Markgr.-Dann.; Bull. Centre Etudes Rech. Sci. Biarritz 10(2): 321 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. actiophyta (M.I.Gut.) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 257 (2020)

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca actiophyta (M.I.Gut.) Izco & Rivas Mart.; Acta Bot. Malac. 42: 246 (2017)

= Festuca brigantina subsp. actiophyta M.I.Gut.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 123: 252 (1997)

species :

Festuca venezuelana Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 111 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Norte de Santander); Venezuela (Tachira)

82 CLM VEN

species :

Festuca ventanicola Speg.; Contr. Fl. Vent. 72 (1896)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca venusta St.-Yves; Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. URSS 28: 383 (1929)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); Mongolia

30 SIB 37 MON

species :

Festuca versicolor Tausch; Flora (Regensb.) 4: 559 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. versicolor

Name: Verschiedenfarbiger Schwingel

Distribution: E-Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: varia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachystachys (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 104 (1890)

= Festuca varia subsp. brachystachys (Hack.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 348 (1908)

= Festuca varia var. brachystachys Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 174 (1882)

= Festuca versicolor subsp. brachystachys (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 325 (1978)

= Festuca versicolor Tausch ex Kraj.; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles, Prague, No. 106, 25 (1930), descr. emend.

= Schedonorus versicolor (Tausch) Opiz; Seznam: 89 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. pallidula (Hack.) Markgr.-Dann.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 326 (1978)

Distribution: E-Austria

11 AUT

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subvar. pallidula Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 174 (1882)

species :

Festuca versuta Beal; Grasses N. Amer. 2: 589 (1896)

Name: Texas fescue

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca johnsonii (Vasey) Piper; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 35 (1906)

= Festuca nutans var. johnsonii Vasey; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 2: 548 (1894)

= Festuca obtusa subsp. versuta (Beal) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 280 (1925)

= Festuca texana (Vasey) Vasey; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 119 (1886) [nom. illeg., non Steud. 1854]

species :

Festuca vettonica Fuente, Ortúñez & Ferrero Lom.; Lazaroa 20: 5 (1999)

Distribution: C-Spain (Sa. de la Paramera y Serrota, Sa. de Gredos)

12 SPA

species :

Festuca vierhapperi Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad Wiss. Wien 57: 176 (1920)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Festuca villipalea (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(9): 1244 (1985)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca dissitiflora var. villipalea St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 250 (1927)

= Festuca erecta var. aristulata Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 250 (1874)

species :

Festuca violacea Schleich. ex Gaudin; Alpina (Winterthur) 3: 57 (1808)

subspecies :

subsp. violacea

Name: Violetter Schwingel

Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Iraq (NE-Iraq)

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV 34 IRQ

Remarks: violacea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aurata Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 234 (1811)

= Festuca flaccida var. aureoflava Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866)

= Festuca halleri var. aurata (Gaudin) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl.: 73 (1865)

= Festuca iniopoda Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 793 (1866), pro syn.

= Festuca nigricans Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 2: 13 (1807), nom. nud.

= Festuca nigricans var. scabrescens J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 119 (1923)

= Festuca ovina var. aurata (Gaudin) Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central: 98 (1847)

= Festuca ovina var. violacea (Schleich. ex Gaudin) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 812 (1838)

= Festuca ovina var. violacea (Ser. ex Gaudin) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 354 (1866)

= Festuca pallida Gaudin; Alpina 3: 56 (1808)

= Festuca rubra f. aurata (Hack.) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 121 (1924)

= Festuca rubra subsp. violacea (Ser. ex Gaudin) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 132 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. aurata Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 133 (1882)

= Festuca rubra subvar. schleicheri St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 121 (1924), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca rubra var. violacea (Ser. ex Gaudin) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 406 (1881)

= Festuca subracemosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 785 (1866)

= Festuca violacea f. aureoflava (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 514 (1972)

= Festuca violacea subsp. aurata (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 98 (1890)

= Festuca violacea var. nigricans Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 828 (1882)

= Festuca violacea var. subracemosa (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 514 (1972)

= Festuca violacea var. subsessilis Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 100 (1837)

= Poa aurata (Gaudin) P.Beauv. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 628 (1840), pro syn.

= Schedonorus auratus (Gaudin) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

= Schedonorus violaceus (Gaudin) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)

= Sclerochloa poiformis Link; Handbuch 1: 69 (1829), pro syn.

subspecies :

subsp. handelii Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel (Zürich) 56: 139 (1976)

Distribution: E-Greece (Olimbos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. italica Foggi, Graziano Rossi & Signorini; Flora Medit. 8: 34 (1998)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. puccinellii (Parl.) Foggi, G.Rossi & Signorini; Canad. J. Bot. 77(7): 998 (1999)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca puccinellii Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 440 (1850)

= Festuca rubra var. puccinellii (Parl.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 91 (1896)

species :

Festuca viridula Vasey; Ill. N. Am. Grass. 2: (1893) t. 93, et Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 279 (1893)

Name: Greenleaf fescue

Distribution: Canada (S-British Columbia); USA (Washington, Oregon, N-California, NW-Nevada, Idaho, Montana); Mexico (Coahuila, Durango)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gracillima Thurb.; Watson, Bot. California 2: 318 (1880), nom. illeg.

= Festuca howellii Hack. ex Beal; Grasses N. Am. 2: 591 (1896)

= Festuca viridula var. howellii (Hack. ex Beal) St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 266 (1925)

= Festuca viridula var. vaseyana St.-Yves; Candollea 2: 265 (1925) [nom. illeg. superfl., pro. typical var.]

= Gnomonia viridula (Vasey) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 224 (1915)

species :

Festuca vivipara (L.) Sm.; Fl. Brit. 1: 114 (1800)

Name: Lebendgebärender Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Iceland; Jan Mayen; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; Finland; ?Slovenia; N-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Greenland

10 FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE JMY NOR SVA SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 GNL

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca brachyphylla f. vivipara Skvortsov; Arktich. Fl. SSSR 2: 222 (1964), nom. nud.

= Festuca ovina f. villosa-vivipara Rosenv.; Meddel. Grønland 3: 282 (1881)

= Festuca ovina f. vivipara (L.) Rosenv.; Meddel. Grønland 3: 302 (1887)

= Festuca ovina f. vivipara (L.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 551 (1891)

= Festuca ovina subvar. vivipara (L.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 89 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. vivipara L.; Fl. Suec (ed. 2) 31 (1755), et 108 (1762)

= Festuca supina subsp. vivipara (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 93 (1890)

= Festuca tenuifolia var. vivipara (L.) Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 880 (1869)

= Festuca villosa-vivipara (Rosenv.) E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 23 (1985)

species :

Festuca viviparoidea Krajina ex Pavlick; Canad. J. Bot., 62(11): 2454 (1984), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. viviparoidea

Name: Northern fescue

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Québec, Yukon); USA (Montana)

30 SIB 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. krajinae Pavlick; Canad. J. Bot., 62(11): 2457 (1984)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Yukon, British Columbia)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca vivipara subsp. glabra Fred.; Nordic J. Bot. 1(3): 288 (1981)

species :

Festuca vizzavonae Ronniger; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: (226) (1918)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy

12 COR SAR 13 ITA

Remarks: ovina agg.

species :

Festuca vojtkoi Penksza; Acta Bot. Hung. 47(1-2): 140 (2005)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

species :

Festuca vulpioides Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 305 (1854)

Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Vulpia megastachya Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 441 (1841)

species :

Festuca wagneri (Degen, Thaisz & Flatt) Krajina; Acta Bot. Bohem. 8: 61 (1929)

Distribution: Hungary; Serbia; Kosovo; SW-Romania

11 HUN 13 KOS ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca stricta var. hungarica Soó; Acta Bot. Hung. 2: 199 (1955)

= Festuca sulcata subvar. wagneri Degen, Thaisz & Flatt; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 30 (1905)

= Festuca valesiaca subsp. wagneri (Degen, Thaisz & Flatt) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 410 (1976)

= Festuca valesiaca var. hungarica (Soó) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 18(1-2): 174 (1973)

= Festuca valesiaca var. wagneri (Degen, Thaisz & Flatt) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 547 (1972)

= Festuca wagneri var. hungarica (Soó) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 18(1-2): 174 (1973)

species :

Festuca wallichiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 120 (1978)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh); Bangladesh

36 TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP

species :

Festuca washingtonica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 87(2): 115 (1982)

Name: Washington fescue

Distribution: USA (Washington State)

73 USA

species :

Festuca weberbaueri Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 512 (1906)

Distribution: Peru; Argentina (Jujuy, La Rioja, Neuquen)

83 PER 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca weberbaueri var. foliosa Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 513 (1906)

species :

Festuca werdermannii St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 301 (1927)

Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo)

85 CLE

species :

Festuca willdenowiana Schult. & Schult.f.; Mantissa 3: 650 (1827)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca guatemalica E.B.Alexeev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(10): 1498 (1981)

= Festuca mexicana Willd.; Syst. Veg. 1: 356 (1825) [nom. illeg., non Roem. & Schult. 1817]

species :

Festuca wolgensis P.A.Smirn.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 50 (1-2): 100 (1945)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NE-Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia)

14 RUS UKR 30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arietina Klokov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR. 12: 57 (1950)

= Festuca arietina var. barbata V.A.Agaf.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 89(1): 118 (2004)

= Festuca wolgensis subsp. arietina (Klokov) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1255 (1971)

species :

Festuca woodii Stancík; Darwiniana 41(1-4): 107 (2003)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca)

82 CLM

species :

Festuca wormspeliensis Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique 5: 22 (2019)

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

Remarks: ovina agg., pallens group

variant :

var. ericetorum Boeuf & J.-P.Bercht.; Botanique (Heugas) 8: 66 (2022)

Distribution: France (Vosges)

12 FRA

species :

Festuca woronowii Hack.; Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis 24: 17 (1912)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia subsp. woronowii (Hack.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56: 1254 (1971)

= Festuca varia var. woronowii (Hack.) St.-Yves; Candollea 3: 435 (1928)

= Festuca woronowii subsp. argaea Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 207 (1981)

= Festuca woronowii subsp. turcica Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 207 (1981)

species :

Festuca xanthina Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 721 (1817)

Distribution: Croatia; Serbia; Albania; SW-Romania

13 ALB CRO ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Agraulus flavescens Panz. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 340 (1821), pro syn.

= Festuca hostii Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 2: 722 (1817), nom. inval.

= Festuca varia subsp. xanthina (Roem. & Schult.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 178 (1882)

= Festuca xanthina subvar. klasterskyi Krajina; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 10: 44 (1933)

= Festuca xanthina var. klasterskyi (Krajina) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 495 (1972)

species :

Festuca xenophontis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 204, t. 1, f. 8 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca yalaensis Joch.Müll. & Catalán; Darwiniana 48(1): 88 (2010)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy)

85 ARG

species :

Festuca yaroschenkoi (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev; (1980)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ovina var. yaroschenkoi St.-Yves; Candollea 5: 104 (1932)

species :

Festuca yemensis E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Isp. Prirod. Biol. 91 3: 118 (1986)

Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 YEM

species :

Festuca yulungschanica E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 83(4): 116 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca yunnanensis St.-Yves; Clav. Anal. Festuc. (Rev. Bret. Bot. No. 2) 72 (1927), St.-Yves in Candollea 3: 386 (1928)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. villosa St.-Yves; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1287 (1936)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Festuca yvesii Sennen & Pau; Treb. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat. 3:196 3: 196 (1917)

subspecies :

subsp. yvesii

Distribution: Spain; Andorra; SW-France (Pyrenees)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca durissima (Hack.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia nov. ser. 75: 153 (1975)

= Festuca duriuscula subsp. durissima (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 94 (1890)

= Festuca duriuscula var. durissima (Hack.) Husn.; Graminées: 61 (1898)

= Festuca indigesta subsp. durissima (Hack.) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot; Fl. Man. Països Catalans: 1213 (1990)

= Festuca ovina subsp. durissima (Hack.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 355 (2001)

= Festuca ovina subvar. durissima Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 92 (1882)

= Festuca ovina var. durissima (Hack.) Gaut.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Sess. Extr.): XIX (1891)

subspecies :

subsp. altopyrenaica (Fuente & Ortúñez) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 243 (2020)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); ?SW-France

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca altopyrenaica Fuente & Ortúñez; Fontqueria 40: 36 (1994)

subspecies :

subsp. graniticola (Kerguélen & Morla) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 243 (2020)

Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain; WC-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca graniticola Kerguélen & Morla; An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 42(1): 156 (1985)

= Festuca gredensis Fuente & Ortúñez; Lazaroa 21: 4 (2001)

= Festuca summilusitana subsp. graniticola (Kerguélen & Morla) Rivas Mart. & Fern.Prieto; Itinera Geobot. 2: 485 (2011)

subspecies :

subsp. lagascae (Cebolla & Rivas Ponce) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Fl. Iberica 19(1): 246 (2020)

Distribution: C-Spain; N-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca indigesta subsp. curvifolia Rivas Mart., Fuente & Ortúñez; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 701 (2002), nom. illeg.

= Festuca indigesta subsp. lagascae Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Flora Medit. 9: 141 (1999)

subspecies :

subsp. summilusitana (Franco & Rocha Afonso) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 46: 111 (2021)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca summilusitana Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot. 54: 94 1980-(1981 publ. 1980)

species :

Festuca ziganensis Markgr.-Dann.; Willdenowia 11: 205, t. 2, f. 5 (1981)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Festuca ×belensis M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 566 (1974)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca cinerea x psammophila

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. glabra M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. intacta M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 566 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. marginata M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. propinqua M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. saxatilis M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. speciosa M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis nothovar. trichosa M.Toman; Feddes Repert. 85: 569 (1974)

= Festuca ×belensis subsp. muellerstollii M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008) [nothosubsp.]

species :

Festuca ×biformis J.Vetter; Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 65: p. (150) (1915)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca pseudovina x F. rubra

species :

Festuca ×calcigena J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: p. (177) (1917)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca stricta x F. vallesiaca

species :

Festuca ×chodouensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008)

Distribution: Slovakia

11 SLO

species :

Festuca ×firma J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: p. (172) (1917)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia

11 AUT SLO

Remarks: Festuca sulcata x F. vaginata

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×diluta J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: 173 (1917)

= Festuca ×interjecta J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: 175 (1917)

species :

Festuca ×gonzalez-ledesmae Darbysh.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 832 (2007)

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico State, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: Festuca hephaestophila x F. livida

species :

Festuca ×grodnensis Tretjakov; Fl. Belarusi 2: 277 (& 446) (2013)

Distribution: Belarus

14 BLR

Remarks: Festuca ovina x F. psammophila

species :

Festuca ×hackelii Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 97 (1890)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca ovina x F. pulchra

species :

Festuca ×jierru Nava; Fontqueria 7: 24 (1985)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Festuca gautieri x picoeuropeana

species :

Festuca ×kolesnikovii Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1254 (1971)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

Remarks: Festuca molissima V. I. Krecz. & Bobrov x Festuca vorobievii Prob.

species :

Festuca ×laxifolia J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67: p. (180) (1917)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Festuca picta x F. rubra

species :

Festuca ×malyi Widder; God. Biol. Inst. (Sarajevo) 5: 450 (1953)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH

Remarks: Festuca alpina x Festuca jeanpertii

species :

Festuca ×miscella Darbysh.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 835 (2007)

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico State)

79 MEX

Remarks: Festuca livida x F. tolucensis

species :

Festuca ×napocae Prodan; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 16: 90 (1937)

Distribution: Romania; etc.

13 ROM

Remarks: Festuca heterophylla x F. rubra

species :

Festuca ×oenensis J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 120 (1923)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca pseudodura x F. violacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×schisticola J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73: 130 (1923)

species :

Festuca ×oleskensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008)

Distribution: Slovakia

11 SLO

species :

Festuca ×osswaldii Wein; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 18 (1909)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca heterophylla x F. ovina

species :

Festuca ×pachyphylla Degen ex Nyár.; Contr. Bot. (Cluj) 1962: 146 (1962)

Distribution: Hungary; etc.

11 HUN

Remarks: Festuca glauca x F. rupicola

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca rupicola subsp. pachyphylla (Degen ex Nyár.) Beldie; Fl. Republ Social. Roman. 12: 555 (1972)

= Festuca stricta subsp. rumelica Foggi & Petrova

species :

Festuca ×picoeuropeana Nava; Fontqueria 7: 23 (1985)

Distribution: Spain (Sa. Nevada/Spain)

12 SPA

Remarks: Festuca eskia x F. gautieri

species :

Festuca ×pocutica Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 230 (1911).

Distribution: Ukraine (Galicia)

14 UKR

Remarks: Festuca picta Kit. x Festuca porcii Hack.

species :

Festuca ×polovina Bednarska; Phytotaxa 356(2): 174 (2018)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Festuca ×pseudovaria J.Vetter; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 57: 131 (1950)

Distribution: SW-Austria; NE-Italy

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: varia agg., Festuca quadriflora x F. varia

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca varia var. winnebachensis Wallossek & Markgr.-Dann.; Folia Geobot. 34(1): 73 (1999)

= Festuca ×pseudovaria subsp. winnebachensis (Wallossek & Markgr.-Dann.) Joch.Müll.; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)

= Festuca ×winnebachensis (Wallossek & Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi, Gr.Rossi, Parolo & Wallossek; Inform. Bot. Ital. 39: 225 (2007)

species :

Festuca ×reptans J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 65: p. (153). (1915)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca rubra x F. valesiaca

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×ronnigeri J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 115 (1922)

species :

Festuca ×ripensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 25 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: Festuca albensis x F. valesiaca

species :

Festuca ×rurivaga Tretjakov; Fl. Belarusi 2: 278 (& 446) (2013)

Distribution: Belarus; etc.

14 BLR

Remarks: Festuca trachyphylla x F. valesiaca

species :

Festuca ×savulescui Prodan; Bul. Stiint., Acad. Republ. Popul. Romine, Sect. Biol. & Stiint. Agric., Ser. Bot. 9: 289 (1957)

Distribution: Romania; etc.

13 ROM

Remarks: Festuca pallens x F. pulchra

species :

Festuca ×saxicola J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bol. Ges. Wien 67: p. (178). (1917)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca glauca x F. vallesiaca

species :

Festuca ×sazaviensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 25 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

species :

Festuca ×serpentinica M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

species :

Festuca ×sjuzevii Kulikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 86(2): 61 (2001)

Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia); etc.

30 SIB

Remarks: Festuca ovina x F. pseudodalmatica

species :

Festuca ×soshensis Tretjakov; Fl. Belarusi 2: 279 (& 446) (2013)

Distribution: Belarus; etc.

14 BLR

Remarks: Festuca beckeri x F. trachyphylla

species :

Festuca ×souliei St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 126 (1924)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Festuca eskia x F. quadriflora

species :

Festuca ×subripensis M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

species :

Festuca ×subsudetica M.Toman; Nachr. Forsch. Erwäg. Hist. Bot. Astr. 26 (2008)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

species :

Festuca ×teyberi J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bol. Ges. Wien 65: p. (148). (1915)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia

11 AUT SLO

Remarks: Festuca rubra x F. vaginata

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×neilreicheana J.Vetter; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 66: 125 (1917)

species :

Festuca ×trigenea J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bol. Ges. Wien 67: p. (183). (1917)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Festuca rubra x F. sulcata x F. vaginata

species :

Festuca ×vihorlatica Májovský; Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 9: 330 (1963)

Distribution: Slovakia

11 SLO

Remarks: Festuca glauca ssp. pallens x F. ovina var. firmula

species :

Festuca ×wettsteinii J.Vetter; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 114 (1922)

Distribution:

Remarks: Festuca glauca x F. rubra

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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Genus (843)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (15)

Genus (843)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species, 8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms, in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]