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101.0000 Family Hydrocharitaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 67 (1789), nom. cons.
16 genera, ca. 130 spp.
Species listed in database: 140
= Blyxaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 24: 14 (1949)
= Elodeaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 54 (1829)
= Enhalaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 210, 211 (1943)
= Halophilaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 50 (1858)
= Hydrillaceae Prantl; Lehrb. Bot., ed. 3: 188 (1879)
= Najadaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 18 (1789), nom. cons.
= Stratiotaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr. 274 (1832)
= Thalassiaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 210 (1943)
= Vallisneriaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 54, 55 (1829)
101.4401 Genus Halophila Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 2 (1806)
Distribution: Tropical coasts
Species listed in database: 18
= Barkania Ehrenb. ex Rchb.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 43 (1828) in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 429 (1832)
= Herpophyllum Zanardini; Mem. Ist. Veneto 7: 225 (1858) (in syn.)
= Lemnopsis Zipp. ex Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 75 (1854)
species :
Halophila australis Doty & Stone; Brittonia 18: 306 (1967)
Distribution: Australia (S-Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila ovalis subsp. australis (Doty & B.C.Stone) Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59: 251 (1970)
species :
Halophila baillonis Asch. ex Dickie; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 317 (1874)
Name: Florida Keys seagrass (EN)
Distribution: USA (S-Florida); Costa Rica; Panama; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas); Guadeloupe; Trinidad; Curacao; Venezuela (Aragua, Miranda, Nueva Esparta); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco)
78 USA 80 COS PAN 81 CAY CUR GDL JAM PUE TRT VIR 82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila aschersonii Ostenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 239 (1901)
= Serpicula quadrifolia Balb. ex Asch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 317 (1874) (in obs.)
species :
Halophila beccarii Asch.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 3: 302 (1871)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); Taiwan; India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Johor); Singapore; Borneo; Philippines (Luzon)
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 MYA VIE 42 BOR MLY PHI SNG
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
species :
Halophila capricorni Larkum; Aquatic Bot. 51: 320 (1995)
Distribution: Australia (Great Barrier Reef, Queensland); New Caledonia
50 AUS 60 NWC
species :
Halophila decipiens Ostenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 260 (1902)
Name: Caribbean seagrass
Distribution: SE-Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Seychelles; India (Tamil Nadu); Lakshadweep Isl.; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (once from Negeri Sembilan); Java; Moluccas; Moluccas (Aru Isl.); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria); New Caledonia; USA (Florida); Mexico (Veracruz); Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas); Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Vincent; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Magdalena); Venezuela (Carabobo, Falcon, Miranda, Zulia); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
25 KEN TAN 29 MAU SEY 40 BAN IND SRL 41 THA VIE 42 JAW MLY MOL 50 AUS 60 NWC 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS NIC PAN 81 CUB CUR DOM GDL JAM MAR PUE STV TRT VIR 82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila decipiens var. pubescens Hartog; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 5: 411 (1957)
species :
Halophila engelmannii Asch.; Anl. Wiss. Beobacht. Reisen 368 (1875)
Name: Engelmann´s seagrass
Distribution: USA (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Costa Rica; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Puerto Rico; Trinidad
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS 81 BAH CAY CUB PUE TRT
Conservation Status: near threatened (IUCN)
species :
Halophila gaudichaudii J.Kuo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(2): 145 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: SE-Kenya; Aldabra; Seychelles; China (Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Myanmar; peninsular Thailand; Vietnam; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Natuna Isl.); Sulawesi; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores); Moluccas (Ambon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, E-New South Wales); New Caledonia; Tonga (Tongatapu, Nomuka, Lifuka); Fiji; Palau; Northern Marianas (Saipan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
25 KEN 29 ALD SEY 36 CHI 38 NNS 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ NWC TON 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU
Remarks: some distribution probably belongs to H. minor or H. ovalis, especially in Pacific
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila ovalis subsp. bullosa Setch.; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 341: 114 (1924)
= Thalassia ciliata Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 18 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Thalassia vaginata Decne. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 3: 120 (1841)
species :
Halophila hawaiiana Doty & B.C.Stone; Brittonia 18: 303 (1967)
Distribution: Hawaii (Midway Isl., Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila ovalis subsp. hawaiiana (Doty & B.C.Stone) Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1): 251 (1970)
species :
Halophila major (Zoll.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 230 (1856)
Distribution: Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Vietnam; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines; Borneo
38 JAP NNS TAI 41 THA VIE 42 BOR MLY PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila euphlebia Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26(307): 208-209, f. 15 (1912)
= Halophila ovalis var. major (Zoll.) Asch.; Linnaea 35: 174 (1868)
= Lemnopsis major Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 1: 75 (1854)
species :
Halophila mikii J.Kuo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(2): 140 (2006)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Halophila minor (Zoll.) Hartog in Steenis; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 5(4): 410, f. 17 (1957)
Distribution: Kenya; Mozambique; India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu); peninsular Malaysia; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
25 KEN 26 MOZ 40 IND 42 MLY NWG
Remarks: recognized as distinct from H. gaudichaudii by Symoens in Fl. Zambesiaca (2009)
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila lemnopsis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 230, f. 176 (1855)
= Halophila ovalis var. minor (Zoll.) Asch.; Linnaea 35: 173 (1868)
= Halophila ovalis var. ovata (Gaudich.) Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 13: 335 (1879)
= Halophila ovata Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] t. 40, f. 1 (1827)
= Lemnopsis minor Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 1: 75 (1854)
species :
Halophila nipponica J.Kuo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(2): 141 (2006)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Kyushu, Honshu)
38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila japonica M.Uchimura & E.J.Faye; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B, 32(3): 131 (2006)
= Halophila nipponica subsp. notoensis Ohba & Miyata; Seagrasses Japan 15 (2007), no Latin descr.
species :
Halophila okinawensis J.Kuo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(2): 144 (2006)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
species :
Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. III (Fl. Tasman.) 2: 45 (1858)
subspecies :
subsp. ovalis
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, SE-Egypt); Sudan; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; Rodrigues; Seychelles; Iran (S-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (SW-Yemen, Tihama); China (Guangdong, Hainan); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan; India (Gujarat, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Lakshadweep Isl.; Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; peninsular Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak); Singapore; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo (incl. Natuna Isl.); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Mindoro, Bancoro, Cebu, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor); Moluccas (Aru Isl., Kei Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, ?Tasmania); Lord Howe Isl.; New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Tongatapu); Fiji; American Samoa (Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Society Isl. (Huahine); Palau (Kayangel, Babeldaob, Malakal, Ulebsechel, Ng´edobel); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Woleai, Ifalik, Truk, Moen); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Antigua [I]
20 EGY 24 ERI SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ 27 SAF 29 COM MAU MDG ROD SEY 34 IRN ISR SIN 35 BAR KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 IND PAK SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SCS SNG SUL 43 SOL 50 AUS LHI 60 ASA FIJ NWC SAM TON VAN 61 SCI 62 MIC PLU 78 usa 81 aba
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Barkania punctata Ehrenb. ex Pritz.; Icon. Bot. Index [Pritzel], Suppl. 42 (1815)
= Caulinia ovalis R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 339 (1810)
= Halophila johnsonii Eiseman; Aquatic Bot. 9(1): 16 (1980)
= Halophila kotschyana Fenzl ex Asch.; Linnaea 35: 173 (1867 publ. 1868)
= Halophila kotschyanae Fenzl ex Zanardini; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 7: 225 (1858)
= Halophila ovalis subsp. bullosa (Setch.) Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1): 251 (1970)
= Halophila ovalis subsp. ramamurthiana K.Ravik. & R.Ganesan; Aquatic Bot. 36(4): 351 (1990)
= Halophila ovalis var. bullosa Setch.; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 341: 114 (1924)
= Kernera ovalis (R.Br.) Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 170 (1829)
subspecies :
subsp. linearis (Hartog) Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59: 251 (1970)
Distribution: Mozambique (Inhaca Isl.)
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Halophila linearis Hartog; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 46 (1957)
species :
Halophila spinulosa (R.Br.) Asch.; Anl. Wiss. Beobacht. Reisen 368 (1875), et Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 7: 183 (1875)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Johor); Singapore; Borneo (Natuna Isl.); Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Kinalasag); Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, N- & E-Queensland)
42 BOR JAW MLY NWG PHI SNG 50 AUS
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Caulinia spinulosa R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 339 (1810)
= Kernera spinulosa (R.Br.) Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 170 (1829)
species :
Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch.; Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1867: 3 (1867)
Name: Rotes-Meer-Seegras (DE); Red-sea Seagrass (EN)
Distribution: Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt [I], SE-Egypt); Sudan; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Madagascar; Mauritius; Rodrigues; Seychelles; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Israel [I]; Sinai peninsula; Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir); Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (Tihama); India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu); Grenada [I]
13 alb grc kri mlt sic 20 EGY lby 24 ERI SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 29 MAU MDG ROD SEY 34 eai isr SIN 35 BAR QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND 81 gre
Remarks: entering the Mediterranean Sea only after the opening of the Suez channel
Synonyms: hidden
= Barkania bullata (Delile) Ehrenb.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1832: 429 (1834)
= Barkania stipulacea (Forssk.) Zanardini ex Pritz.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 7: 225 (1857)
= Barkania stipulacea var. bullata (Delile) Zanardini ex Pritz.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 7: 225 (1858)
= Halophila balfourii Soler.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(1): 47 (1913)
= Halophila madagascariensis Doty & B.C.Stone; Taxon 16: 417 (1967)
= Thalassia bullata (Delile) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 3: 120 (1841)
= Thalassia stipulacea (Forssk.) K.D.Koenig; Ann. Bot. [König & Sims] 2: 97 (1805)
= Zostera bullata Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 289 (1813)
= Zostera stipulacea Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 158 (1775)
species :
Halophila sulawesii J.Kuo; Aquatic Bot. 87(2): 171 (2007)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Halophila tricostata M.Greenway; Aquatic Bot. 7(1): 68 (1979)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Queensland: Princess Charlotte Bay to Gladstone, also E Gulf of Carpentaria)
50 AUS
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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